波浪循环荷载作用下滨海软土水平向动力特性试验研究

为研究海上风电桩基在波浪荷载作用下,产生水平向循环荷载对桩基周围土体动力特性的影响,以唐山地区滨海软土为研究对象,通过室内动三轴试验,研究不同围压、动应力幅值和振动次数条件下对软土水平向动力特性的影响。结果表明：软土水平向动强度随围压增加而增加,随振动次数增加而减小;动应力幅值增大,破坏振次减小;水平向动应变εd随振动次数增加变大,且动应力幅值越大,增速越明显,变化规律遵循Monismith模型;动应力幅值改变时,软土水平向动模量变化明显,当围压减小,动弹性模量减小;曹妃甸软土水平向间具有明显的结构性,不同围压条件下,随动应力幅值增加动阻尼比均表现增大趋势。     

双向循环荷载作用下饱和红土的动变形强度特性

【目的】探究双向循环荷载耦合作用下饱和红土的动变形强度特性,为红土地区工程的抗震设计和性质评估提供理论支持。【方法】采用SDT-20型电脑控制电液伺服双向土动三轴试验机,对饱和红土试样施加了不同的应力路径,模拟横波和纵波在不同相位差下耦合的情况,分析不同应力路径下饱和红土的动变形和动强度特性。【结果】径向循环应力幅值和相位差的变化对饱和红土的动变形和动强度有较大影响。在相位差为180°时,轴向应变发展速度最快,动强度最小;当相位差为0°时,轴向动应变发展最慢,动强度最大。径向循环应力较大且相位差为180°时的耦合情况对土体的稳定最为不利,此种组合下饱和红土的动强度衰减率可以达到90%以上。【结论】随着径向循环应力幅值的变化,不同应力路径下动应变发展速度不同,应力路径斜率越大动应变发展越缓慢。在实际工程的抗震设计时,应充分考虑双向动荷载相位差为180°且径向动荷载较大的组合情况。     

Effect of Jiere Xingshen Injection on cAMP,IL-1β content in hypothalamus of ET febrile rabbits

AIM: The effects of Jiere Xingshen(JRXS) Injection on cAMP, IL-1_β content in hypothalamus (HP) of endotoxin(ET)-induced feverish rabbits were studied. METHODS: The ET-induced fever model was established in rabbits and the cAMP content in hypothalamus (HP) and csf, IL-1_β content in HP were determined by radioimmunoassay following intravenous infusion of JRXS. RESULTS: In ET group, the ΔT[(0.40±0.11)℃], TRI₁(1.78±0.79), cAMP content in HP[(2.90±0.40)nmol/g], cAMP content in csf[(0.40±0.11)nmol/L)], IL-1_β content in HP[(6.08±0.79)ng/g] were higher than that of NS and JRXS+ET group (P＜0.01). In JRXS+ET group, the ΔT[(0.10±0.10)℃], TRI₁(0.36±0.64), cAMP content in HP[(1.37±0.27)nmol/g], cAMP content in csf[(14.4±3.69)nmol/L)], IL-1_β content in HP[(2.90±0.37)ng/g] were very close to that of NS group but lower than that of the ET group (P＜0.01);The cAMP content in HP and csf, IL-1_β content in HP paralleled with the fluctuation of temperature. CONCLUTION: JRXS Injection has significant inhibitory effect on ET-induced fever by inhibiting cAMP and IL-1_β production in hypothalamus.     

Space time evolution rules study of acoustic emission locations in rock under cyclic loading

An acoustic emission (AE) location experiment was performed on sandstone using an advanced AE test system. The space time evolution rule regarding damage was analyzed under cyclic loading as well as AE. The results show that: AE on static loading process is consistent with the damage evolution rule of compression and the elastic plastic deformation phase;At the beginning of cyclic loading with low duration time and energy, AE events came from a small crack. The location result showed that most events occurred in the core zone forming at the static loading process and the location points changed slowly. AE energy changed little during the metaphase of the cyclic process. There was a modest increase of location points in every cycle. The tendency of steady development could be predicted from the AE location events. At the end of each cyclic loading, the quantity of AE events and energy increased rapidly, reaching a maximum at the last cycle. AE events had high energy and duration time. Location events changed quite rapidly, and assembled and linked continuously in the core zone. At the same time, they expanded to the top of specimen. A macroscopic crack finally formed. In the post failure process, some AE events still existed due to fracturing of gliding friction. Owing to the inner stress balance of rock even after loading stopped, minor AE events still occurred.      

种养业废弃物联合堆肥实现资源化利用

近年来,中国各行各业飞速发展,中国农业废弃物产量激增,堆肥是有效利用农业废弃物的主要途径之一.种植业和养殖业是农业废弃物产生的主要途径,将两种废弃物结合通过联合堆肥技术进行资源化利用是废弃物处理发展趋势之一.从节约资源、保护环境的角度,探讨了种养业废弃物联合堆肥处理技术,以及利用优势和限制因素.     

Liquefaction Susceptibility of Soils With Clay Particles from Earthquake-induced Landslides

The main reason for earthquake-induced landslides is liquefaction of soil, a process considered to occur mostly in sandy soils. Liquefaction can occur in clayey soils has also been reported and proven in the recent literature, but liquefaction in clayey soils still remains unclear and there are many questions that need to be addressed. In order to address these questions, an depth study on the liquefaction potential of clayey soils was conducted on the basis of field investigation and a series of laboratory tests on the samples collected from the sliding surface of the landslides. The liquefaction potential of the soils was studied by means of undrained cyclic ring-shear tests. Research results show that the liquefaction potential of sandy soils is higher than that of clayey soils given the same void ratio; the soil resistance to liquefaction rises with an increase in plasticity for clayey soils; relation between plasticity index and the liquefaction potential of soil can be used in practical application to estimate the liquefaction potential of soil.     

Anti-Quorum-Sensing Activity of Tryptophan-Containing Cyclic Dipeptides

Quorum sensing (QS) can regulate the pathogenicity of bacteria and the production of some virulence factors. It is a promising target for screening to find anti-virulence agents in the coming post-antibiotics era. Cyclo (L-Trp-L-Ser), one variety of cyclic dipeptides (CDPs), isolated from a marine bacterium Rheinheimera aquimaris, exhibited anti-QS activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Unlike the CDPs composed of phenylalanine or tyrosine, the anti-QS activity has been widely studied; however, cyclo (L-Trp-L-Ser) and derivatives, containing one tryptophan unit and one non-aromatic amino acid, have not been systematically explored. Herein, the cyclo (L-Trp-L-Ser) and seven derivatives were synthesized and evaluated. All tryptophane-contained CDPs were able to decrease the production of violacein in C. violaceum CV026 and predicted as binding within the same pocket of receptor protein CviR, but in lower binding energy compared with the natural ligand C₆HSL. As for P. aeruginosa PAO1, owning more complicated QS systems, these CDPs also exhibited inhibitory effects on pyocyanin production, swimming motility, biofilm formation, and adhesion. These investigations suggested a promising way to keep the tryptophan untouched and make modifications on the non-aromatic unit to increase the anti-QS activity and decrease the cytotoxicity, thus developing a novel CDP-based anti-virulence agent.     

乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂的研究进展

概述了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ,ACC酶)在植物体内的作用以及以ACC酶为作用靶标的抑制剂的发展状况。根据抑制剂在体内与体外的抑制数据,讨论了化合物物理性质与结构对其生物活性的影响。ACC酶抑制剂主要有芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类、肟醚类环己二酮类、芳氧苯基环己二酮类和三酮类环己二酮。其中肟醚类环己二酮和芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类ACC酶抑制剂已经有几十种商品化的产品。目前新发现的芳氧苯基环己二酮类和三酮类环己二酮类ACC酶抑制剂可能成为新的除草剂热点。     

cAMP抑制核盘菌菌核形成的差异基因表达分析

【目的】探究核盘菌响应环磷酸腺苷（cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP）处理的转录组学特征,挖掘调控核盘菌菌核形成的关键基因,为靶向杀菌剂的研发提供参考。【方法】以接种在PDA培养基上生长至菌核原基形成时期的核盘菌作为CK1,开始形成黑色素时期的核盘菌作为CK2,以接种在PDA+5 mmol/L cAMP培养基上生长相同时间(5,7 d)的核盘菌作为试验组,依次命名为M1 和M2,对这4组样品进行转录组测序（RNA-seq）比较,阐释cAMP影响菌核形成的调控途径,挖掘菌核原基及菌核黑色素形成中的差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes,DEGs）。【结果】外源添加的cAMP主要在M1前期影响胞内的cAMP含量。差异表达基因分析结果显示,M1和CK1之间共有681个差异表达基因;KEGG富集分析显示,这些基因主要参与各类氨基酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢、MAPK信号通路等,且通路中的大部分基因都呈上调表达模式,而MAPK及其下游作用因子钙调磷酸酶B亚基（calcineurin B subunit,CnB）和热休克蛋白70（heat shock 70 ku protein,HSP70）则明显下调。M2和CK2之间共筛选到4 490个差异表达基因,主要参与各类氨基酸代谢、抗原加工提呈以及cAMP、MAPK等信号通路和自噬途径,通路中的大部分基因呈上调表达模式,且自噬相关因子ATG2、ATG20、ATG22、ATG23、ATG27和ATG29也大量上调表达,而与蛋白质和脂类合成相关的磷酸酶B（phosphatase B,PTPB）和酰基辅酶A氧化酶（acyl coenzyme A oxidase,ACO）的表达量则明显下调。在M1和M2时期,相关基因的qRT-PCR与RNA-seq差异表达分析结果趋势相同,说明转录组测序数据准确。【结论】核盘菌可通过吸收胞外高浓度的cAMP抑制菌核形成菌丝,其抑制作用主要通过影响相关蛋白质及脂类物质的合成而对菌丝形态及信号传递造成障碍。     

In-vitro and in-vivo nematicidal activities of the cyclic dodecapeptide omphalotin A

Omphalotin A, a cyclic dodecapeptide produced by submerged cultures of the basidiomycete Omphalotus olearius, exhibited in-vitro and in-vivo nematicidal activity. Meloidogyne incognita was the most sensitive nematode. At 2.0 mg litre⁻¹, 50% of the nematodes were dead after one hour. Heterodera schachtii, Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus penetrans were affected at higher concentrations. Incorporated into agar, the compound prevented infection of cucumber seedlings by M. incognita at concentrations of 1 mg litre⁻¹ and higher. In glasshouse tests, complete protection of cucumbers and lettuce was achieved between 2.5 and 10 mg litre⁻¹. No insecticidal activity was observed when Plutella xylostella, Phaedon cochleariae or Spodoptera frugiperda were fed material containing 4 g kg⁻¹ of omphalotin A. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry