斑腿蝗科两种短翅蝗虫的染色体研究

斑腿蝗科两种短翅蝗虫,昆明拟凹背蝗和绿胫舟形蝗的染色体数目相同,均为2n(♂)=23,全部是端部着丝点染色体,性别决定机制XO型,性染色体X属于大型染色体,相对长度位居第一.研究结果表明:昆明拟凹背蝗的染色体C带共28条,除着丝粒带之外,其余5条为端带,分别出现于L2,M5,M7,M8和S11.两种短翅蝗虫的减数分裂染色体交叉频率以1位点和2位点的交叉居多.     

ASVCP quality assurance guidelines: control of preanalytical and analytical factors for hematology for mammalian and nonmammalian species, hemostasis, and crossmatching in veterinary laboratories

In December 2009, the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards committee published the updated and peer-reviewed ASVCP Quality Assurance Guidelines on the Society's website. These guidelines are intended for use by veterinary diagnostic laboratories and veterinary research laboratories that are not covered by the US Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice standards (Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Chapter 58). The guidelines have been divided into 3 reports: (1) general analytical factors for veterinary laboratory performance and comparisons; (2) hematology, hemostasis, and crossmatching; and (3) clinical chemistry, cytology, and urinalysis. This particular report is one of 3 reports and provides recommendations for control of preanalytical and analytical factors related to hematology for mammalian and nonmammalian species, hemostasis testing, and crossmatching and is adapted from sections 1.1 and 2.3 (mammalian hematology), 1.2 and 2.4 (nonmammalian hematology), 1.5 and 2.7 (hemostasis testing), and 1.6 and 2.8 (crossmatching) of the complete guidelines. These guidelines are not intended to be all-inclusive; rather, they provide minimal guidelines for quality assurance and quality control for veterinary laboratory testing and a basis for laboratories to assess their current practices, determine areas for improvement, and guide continuing professional development and education efforts.     

马铃薯自交一代性状遗传规律初探

马铃薯自交一代在薯型,薯皮类型、薯皮色、薯肉色、芽眼深浅、花的繁茂性、花冠色、叶色、生育期等性状都存在一定的遗传规律。     

Climate change and interspecific interactions drive species alternations between anchovy and sardine in the western North Pacific: Detection of causality by convergent cross mapping

The abundance and recruitment of anchovy Engraulis spp. and sardine Sardinops spp. alternate in a synchronized way across the Pacific. Convergent cross mapping (CCM) indicated that climate change drives the alternation of the two species in the California Current System. However, climate indices patterns in the western North Pacific contrast with those in the eastern North Pacific, despite synchronous species alternations occurring. Therefore, it is of great interest to clarify whether climate change, or any other factors, affects the population dynamics of Japanese anchovy and Japanese sardine in the western North Pacific. Using CCM, we tested whether climate change and interspecific interactions affect the population dynamics of these two species. We found that climate change affected recruitment, and we clarified the spatiotemporal pattern of this effect. This result supports the existing hypotheses that population dynamics are regulated by climate change in the western North Pacific. The present study also detected interspecific interactions between sardine and anchovy, which might promote the alternation of the two species, and has not been reported in other regions.     

兽药残留检测中试剂盒的验证评判方法研究

试剂盒是应用酶联免疫技术研发的新一代药物残留检测产品,与仪器分析技术相比具有快速、简便、准确和灵敏度高等特点,操作时间仅需1.5 h,能最大限度地减少操作误差和工作强度。但是应用试剂盒时检测结果与有些试剂盒所标示的各项技术指标相差甚远,出现假阳性的几率很大,有必要在兽药残留检测中确定试剂盒指标评判的具体内容和方法。     

不同杂交组合黔东花猪屠宰性能及肉质性状测定

[目的]测定不同杂交组合黔东花猪的胴体性能和肉质性状,筛选优良黔东花猪杂交组合.[方法]对约克夏(Y)×皮特兰(P)×太湖猪(T)×黔东花猪(H)组合(YPTH)、巴克夏(B)×太湖猪(T)和黔东花猪(H)组合(BTH)、巴克夏(B)×皮特兰(P)×太湖猪(T)×黔东花猪(H)组合(BPTH)及巴克夏(B)×杜洛克(D)×太湖猪(T)×黔东花猪(H)组合(BDTH)等4种杂交猪分别进行屠宰,测定分析其胴体性能和肉质性状.[结果]YPrH、BTH、BDTH和BPTH杂交猪屠宰率分别为76.72%、76.67%、76.94%和81.24%;瘦肉率分别为55.58%、42.00%、46.29%和50.92%;平均背膘厚分别为3.31、4.00、3.37和3.45 cm;眼肌面积分别为60.68、46.67、46.80和53.56 cm2;大理石纹分别为3.67、3.50、3.50和3.50;系水力分别为89.33%、83.00%、76.70%和69.09%;剪切力分别为0.49、0.51、1.12和0.62 kg.脂肪酸含量分析结果表明,4种杂交猪肉的嫩度、多汁性及风味等食用性状均较佳.其中,YPTH杂交猪具有较高的瘦肉率和较大的眼肌面积,系水力较高,剪切力较小,肌肉谷氨酸含量高达107.72 mg/g.[结论]以黔东花猪(H)为母本组配的YPTH杂交猪胴体品质和肉质性状优于BTH、BDTH和BPTH杂交猪,可作为建立含有黔东花猪血缘的商品杂交猪配套系开发利用.     

葡萄杂交后代主要经济性状的遗传倾向

通过对10个杂交组合与5个自交后代801个株系的遗传变异分析结果表明:果粒重量、含糖量和含酸量的遗传均符合数量性状连续变异的遗传特点。子代果粒重量小于亲本值,并趋向小粒亲本,出现超高亲个体的比例较低,平均遗传传递力为70.34％。欧美杂交种品种间杂交和欧亚种与欧美杂交种间杂交传递力高于欧亚种品种间杂交;可溶性固形物含量均值接近亲本值,超高亲比例大,表明含糖量遗传中加性效应较大,在后代中选择高含糖量单株的潜力大,组合传递力为101.7％,欧美杂交种品种问杂交传递能力较弱,而欧亚种与欧美杂交种杂交,性状传递能力较强;含酸量的遗传中含有较大比例的负向非加性效应,子代含酸量大大高于亲本值,后代含酸量普遍升高,超低亲单株比例低,选择难度较大。平均组合传递力为134％,欧亚种品种问杂交遗传传递力高于欧美杂交种品种间和欧亚种与欧美杂交种种间杂交。     

大黄鱼（♀）与鮸（♂）杂交的遗传分析

用大黄鱼（♀）和鮸（♂）进行属间杂交,获得了56.25%的受精率,45.24%的孵化率和0.65%的鱼苗成活率。对杂交亲本与子代进行了微卫星和AFLP标记的比较分析,结果表明：4个微卫星位点（LYC0003,LYC0006,LYC0007,LYC0008）都可扩增出清晰的亲本差异条带,26个F1个体中均未出现雄鱼特有条带;4 对选择性扩增引物（E-ACC/M-CAG, E-AAC/M-CAT, E-AAC/M-CTA, E-AGC/M-CTC）共检出326个AFLP条带,143条母本特异性条带中有132 条出现在子代中,94 条父本特异性条带中只有18 条出现在子代中,子代中另出现了33 条非亲条带。F1个体之间的遗传相似系数为0.891,与母本、父本间的遗传相似系数分别为0.853、0.271;F1个体之间的遗传距离为0.116,与母本、父本间的遗传距离分别为0.159、1.307,表明杂交子代与母本大黄鱼之间具有极高的遗传同质性,属异精雌核发育个体。     

Effects of induced resistance on infection efficiency and sporulation of Puccinia striiformis on seedlings in varietal mixtures and on field epidemics in pure stands

An inducer race ofPuccinia striiformis inoculated two days before a challenger race on wheat seedlings of cv. Clement, reduced infection efficiency by 44% and lesion expansion by 7.7%; there was no effect on sporulation rate. In field epidemics, induced resistance restricted the disease intensity on cvs. Clement and Austerlitz in pure stands by 44% and 57% respectively. In the glasshouse at the seedling stage, disease intensity in a varietal mixture was reduced by 82% compared to the susceptible pure stands; one third of the total disease reduction was attributable to induced resistance.     

几个家蚕性连锁平衡致死系与限性斑纹母本的配合力测定

以限性斑纹品系Y7、JS、MC为母本,性连锁平衡致死系sd2、px2、YH4、8、12和YH18为父本,采用不完全双列杂交法测试分析家蚕性连锁平衡致死系的配合力。结果表明,不同家蚕性连锁平衡致死系的配合力不同,同一家蚕性连锁平衡致死系不同性状间的配合力也存在一定的差异。其中:性连锁平衡致死系18的万蚕产茧量和万蚕茧层量的一般配合力效应值最高,分别为2.83和3.07;雄蚕杂交组合Y7×YH18的万蚕产茧量的特殊配合力效应值最高(为4.32),Y7×YH8的万蚕茧层量的特殊配合力效应值最大(为5.08);而MC×sd2在万蚕产茧量和万蚕茧层量方面的配合力总效应值均为最高(分别为9.92和8.96)。以配合力效应值为选择依据,筛选出产茧量和茧层量预期较高的雄蚕杂交组合MC×sd2,实验室饲养结果表明,该组合的综合性状优良,茧丝生产性能较好。