珍稀的云南螳螂四新种(昆虫纲：螳螂目)

 云南的螳螂已记有37种,本文记述4个珍稀的新种,附图4幅,并讨论了有关问题。     

狼蛛属两新种记述（蛛形目：狼蛛科）

记述了狼蛛属两新种，定名为北海狼蛛Ｌｙｃｏｓａｂｅｉｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和带斑狼蛛Ｌｙｃｏｓａｖｉｔｔａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

广西跳蛛1新种和8新纪录种记述

本文记述了我国广西9种跳蛛(蜘蛛目:跳蛛科)。其中有8种国内新纪录:球形猎蛛Evarcha bulbosa Zabka,1985;波氏猎蛛 E.pococki Zabka,1985:条纹蚁蛛 Myrmarachneannamita Zabka,1985;长腹蚁蛛 M elongata Szombatby,1915;桑氏蚁蛛 M.kuwagata Yaginuma,1967;伏蚁蛛 M.volatilis(Peckham et Peckham,1892):皮氏弗列蛛 Phlegra pisarskii Zabka,1985;卡氏金蝉蛛 Telamonia caprina(simon,1903):1 新种,定名为临桂蚁蛛 Myrmarachnelinguiensis sp.nov.。模式标本保存于河北教育学院。     

环境因素对大棚温室无土草坪生产的影响研究

以冷季型划种高羊茅（Festuca elata Keng）为材料,研究光、湿度、基质肥水条件以及植物生长素对大棚湿度草坪生产的影响结果表明,温度宜控制在15－25℃,且昼夜应保持一定温差;湿度宜在40％－60％间,为促进根系生长应控制在50％－60％间;光照应保持在1.5万lx以上;适当施肥补充养分和运用植物生长素可作为环境微调措施,有利于提高草坪质量和快速成卷。     

Reedbeds as refuges for water voles (Arvicola terrestris) from predation by introduced mink (Mustela vison)

The water vole has recently undergone a catastrophic decline in the UK. This has resulted from loss and fragmentation of suitable habitat leaving water vole populations highly vulnerable to the impact of predation by introduced American mink. However, at some reedbed sites water voles and mink have apparently coexisted for many years. To determine if reedbeds offer a refuge from predation, 70 voles were radio-tagged at three sites in England and overwinter mortality monitored. Water vole perception of predation risk was also assessed. Mortality was high (64%), predation by mustelids, including mink, being the chief cause. Experiments suggested that voles failed to perceive areas of highest predation risk. However, predation rate declined strongly with the distance water voles lived from a main water channel. Thus, reedbeds provide a refuge from predation, even by mink, and calculations suggest that they may support source populations enhancing the viability of water vole metapopulations. Consequently reedbeds are now being used as one focus for the conservation of water voles in England and Wales.     

中国螯蜂科二新纪录种(膜翅目:螯蜂科)

本文报道了采自广西稻田的两种中国新纪录螯蜂：安松单爪螯蜂ＡｎｔｅｏｎｙａｓｕｍａｔｓｕｉＯｌｍｉ和马来亚常足螯蜂ＡｐｈｅｌｏｐｕｓｍａｌａｙａｎｕｓＯｌｍｉ。黑尾叶蝉Ｎｅｐｈｏｔｅｔｉｘｃｉｎｃｔｉｃｅｐｓ（Ｕｈｌｅｒ）和白翅叶蝉ＴｈａｉａｒｕｂｉｇｉｎｏｓａＫｕｏｈ分别为它们的寄主首次纪录     

Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from drained organic soils in deciduous forests

We examined net greenhouse gas exchange at the soil surface in deciduous forests on soils with high organic contents. Fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O were measured using dark static chambers for two consecutive years in three different forest types; (i) a drained and medium productivity site dominated by birch, (ii) a drained and highly productive site dominated by alder and (iii) an undrained and highly productive site dominated by alder. Although the drained sites had shallow mean groundwater tables (15 and 18 cm, respectively) their average annual rates of forest floor CO₂ release were almost twice as high compared to the undrained site (1.9±0.4 and 1.7±0.3, compared to 1.0±0.2 kg CO₂ m⁻² yr⁻¹). The average annual CH₄ emission was almost 10 times larger at the undrained site (7.6±3.1 compared to 0.9±0.5 g CH₄ m⁻² yr⁻¹ for the two drained sites). The average annual N₂O emissions at the undrained site (0.1±0.05 g N₂O m⁻² yr⁻¹) were lower than at the drained sites, and the emissions were almost five times higher at the drained alder site than at the drained birch site (0.9±0.35 compared to 0.2±0.11 g N₂O m⁻² yr⁻¹). The temporal variation in forest floor CO₂ release could be explained to a large extent by differences in groundwater table and air temperature, but little of the variation in the CH₄ and N₂O fluxes could be explained by these variables. The measured soil variables were only significant to explain for the within-site spatial variation in CH₄ and N₂O fluxes at the undrained swamp, and dark forest floor CO₂ release was not explained by these variables at any site. The between-site spatial variation was attributed to variations in drainage, groundwater level position, productivity and tree species for all three gases. The results indicate that N₂O emissions are of greater importance for the net greenhouse gas exchange at deciduous drained forest sites than at coniferous drained forest sites.     

稻田改为茶园后土壤铁形态与磁学性质演变特征

以四川省名山区稻田及由稻田改造的茶园土壤为研究对象,采用铁形态连续分级提取与环境磁学技术相结合的方法,分析铁氧化物与磁学特征随土壤利用方式及植茶时间变化而变化的特征。结果表明,稻田及不同植茶年限(3、6、10年)茶园土壤110cm土体均表现为可还原铁(Red-Fe)>可氧化态铁(Oxi-Fe)>酸溶态铁(Acid-Fe)；稻田改为茶园以及随着植茶年限延长,表层(0-10cm)及亚表层(10-20cm)土壤Acid-Fe、Oxi-Fe明显增加,而整个土体Red-Fe降低。稻田改为茶园3年后, 0~30cm土壤表现出质量磁化率(MS)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)、软剩磁(IRMs)升高,而硬剩磁(IRMh)降低；随着植茶年限的延长,土体总体表现出各磁性参数均降低的趋势,亚铁磁性矿物主导土壤磁性特征变化。稻田改为茶园后土壤逐渐酸化且有机质积累,使亚铁磁性矿物不稳定,进一步导致Red-Fe溶解并向Acid-Fe、Oxi-Fe转化,且随植茶年限的延长,部分铁氧化物结晶度会增加。     

土种与土系参比的初步探讨——以海南岛土壤为例

为取得我国土种与土系研究成果的信息交流与知识共享,本文简述了土种与土系的概念及其区别、土种与土系的参比原则和依据,以海南岛土壤为例进行了参比。