DISCOGRAPHY AND EPIDUROGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF THE LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION IN DOGS WITH CAUDA EQUINA SYNDROME

Cauda equina syndrome in the dog is a common neurologic disorder caused by compression of the spinal cord, nerve roots and spinal nerves caudal to the fifth lumbar vertebra. This paper describes the clinical signs, radiographic findings of discography and/or epidurography, and comparison with surgery or necropsy of 21 dogs with cauda equina syndrome. Discograms were performed by using a 20- or 22-gauge spinal needle introduced in a sagittal plane into the lumbosacral (LS) disc space under fluoroscopic guidance. Epidurograms were performed following discography by injecting contrast medium after repositioning the tip of the needle into the ventral epidural space at the level of the LS junction. Direct examination of the LS junction was performed in all dogs by surgical exploration and/or necropsy. On survey radiographs, the most common findings were spondylosis, malalignment of the sacrum to the last lumbar vertebra, collapse of the LS disc space, stenosis of the vertebral canal at the LS junction, and transitional vertebral segments. Discography was considered of diagnostic quality in 19/21 (90%) of the dogs, showing disc protrusion in 14/21 (67%). Epidurography was of diagnostic quality in 18/18 (100%) dogs, showing abnormal findings in 14/18 (78%). No adverse reaction was noted to the radiographic procedure when dogs were allowed to recover from anesthesia before surgery. Based on macroscopic findings, combination of survey radiographs and disco-epidurography was correctly positive in 16/18 dogs (89%). It is concluded that discography associated with epidurography is a valuable procedure for evaluation of the LS junction in the dog. A combination of both procedures reduces the possibility of technical artifacts by outlining both sides of the compressive lesion, i.e., the disc and the epidural space.     

维生素A对大豆7S球蛋白致仔猪肠上皮细胞屏障功能损伤的影响

以仔猪肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)为研究对象,用大豆7S球蛋白作为诱导因素,通过检测细胞活力、细胞跨膜电阻(TEER)、荧光素钠渗透率、细胞膜完整性相关指标与紧密连接蛋白的mRNA表达情况,探究维生素A(V_A)对大豆7S球蛋白致IPEC-J2细胞屏障功能损伤的影响。结果显示:5.0 mg·mL^-1大豆7S球蛋白导致IPEC-J2活力、TEER与ZO-1、Claudin-1、Occludin的mRNA表达量极显著(P<0.01)降低,而荧光素钠渗透率和细胞培养液中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白1(IFABP1)的含量极显著(P<0.01)升高;添加0.1和1 μmol·L^-1 V_A极显著提高了细胞活力(P<0.01),0.1~10 μmol·L^-1 V_A显著(P<0.05)缓解了大豆7S球蛋白导致的TEER、荧光素钠渗透率、细胞膜完整性相关指标与紧密连接蛋白mRNA表达的变化;10 000 μmol·L^-1 V_A反而加剧了这些影响。总体上,0.1~10 μmol·L^-1 V_A能通过保护细胞活力和细胞完整性、影响紧密连接蛋白的mRNA表达对大豆7S球蛋白导致的IPEC-J2细胞屏障功能损伤发挥保护作用,而10 000 μmol·L^-1 V_A反而加重了这种损伤。     

Sperm Storage in the Female Reproductive Tract in Birds

The ability to store sperm in the female genital tract is frequently observed in vertebrates as well as in invertebrates. Because of the presence of a system that maintains the ejaculated sperm alive in the female reproductive tract in a variety of animals, this strategy appears to be advantageous for animal reproduction. Although the occurrence and physiological reasons for sperm storage have been reported extensively in many species, the mechanism of sperm storage in the female reproductive tract has been poorly understood until recently. In avian species, the specialized simple tubular invaginations referred to as sperm storage tubules (SSTs) are found in the oviduct as a sperm storage organ. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of sperm uptake into the SSTs, maintenance within it, and controlled release of the sperm from the SSTs. Since sperm storage in avian species occurs at high body temperatures (i.e., 41 C), elucidation of the mechanism for sperm storage may lead to the development of new strategies for sperm preservation at ambient temperatures, and these could be used in a myriad of applications in the field of reproduction.     

乳酸杆菌对肠道上皮紧密连接蛋白的调控

肠道细胞间紧密连接是构成肠道屏障功能的重要结构基础,在调节肠道通透性和维持上皮细胞屏障中发挥着重要作用。乳酸杆菌作为肠道的优势菌,可以促进上皮细胞紧密连接蛋白的表达和合理分布,维持上皮细胞的屏障功能;同时可以缓解病原菌及其诱导的炎性细胞因子对紧密连接的损伤,改善肠上皮屏障功能,维持黏膜的完整性。本文就肠道上皮细胞紧密连接的生理性和病理性调控以及乳酸杆菌的影响进行了归纳总结,为进一步阐明乳酸杆菌对肠道紧密连接的影响提供基础。     

牛上皮细胞中有效表面标记物的筛选

动物上皮细胞容易被多种病毒感染,上皮细胞表面标记物的检测可以作为表征上皮细胞状态的一种手段,但是大多数上皮细胞表面标记物也会在上皮来源的肿瘤细胞中表达。为了选择高效、独特的上皮标记物,采用蛋白质印迹法和间接免疫荧光技术,在牛肾上皮细胞(KE)、舌上皮细胞(TE)、甲状腺上皮细胞(TYE)以及A549细胞和SW480细胞中,检测了AE3(basic cytokeratin)、AE5(CK3/2p)、CK7、LH1(CK1/10)、EMA(epithelial membrane antigen)、DesmoplakinⅠ/Ⅱ(DSPⅠ/Ⅱ)、E-cadherin和ZO1(zona occludens-1)等8种上皮标记物的表达。结果显示,与阴性对照相比,AE3、AE5、CK7、EMA及DSPⅠ/Ⅱ在上皮细胞和上皮细胞来源的A549、SW480肿瘤细胞中表达良好;E-cadherin仅在上皮细胞中表达;LH1(CK1/10)和ZO1在所有被检测的细胞中都没有表达。结果表明,AE3、AE5、CK7、EMA及DSPⅠ/Ⅱ可以作为有效的上皮细胞及上皮来源的肿瘤细胞标记物,E-cadherin可以作为特异性的上皮细胞标记物。     

腹水综合征肉鸡空肠黏膜组织结构及相关基因表达分析

试验旨在研究肉鸡腹水综合征发生发展过程中空肠核因子κB （NF-κB）及紧密连接蛋白（闭合蛋白（occludin）、紧密连接蛋白-1（claudin-1）和胞质紧密黏连蛋白1（zonula occluden 1,ZO-1）） mRNA相对表达量,以及绒毛长度、隐窝深度和绒隐比的变化,为肉鸡腹水综合征的防治提供理论依据。选取40羽1日龄罗斯肉鸡常规饲养7 d后,随机分为对照组和模型组（饲料添加3%猪油和4%鱼粉,饮水添加0.12% NaCl,9~11℃低温饲养）,35日龄检测体重,并取心脏组织测腹水心脏指数,取空肠组织以HE染色切片测量绒毛长度和隐窝深度,实时荧光定量PCR检测空肠NF-κB和紧密连接蛋白的基因表达量。结果表明,与对照组相比,模型组肉鸡体重极显著下降（P<0.01）,腹水心脏指数极显著升高（P<0.01）,空肠绒毛长度、绒隐比极显著下降（P<0.01）,隐窝深度极显著升高（P<0.01）,NF-κB mRNA相对表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）,occludin、claudin-1和ZO-1 mRNA相对表达量极显著下降（P<0.01）。表明肠道黏膜结构与功能异常及肠通透性增高促进了肉鸡腹水综合征的发生发展。     

Intron-Targeted Intron-Exon Splice Conjunction （IT-ISJ） Marker and Its Application in Construction of Upland Cotton Linkage Map

To develop a new DNA maker, which could be used in genetic diversity analysis and genetic map construction in plants, IT-ISJ （intron targeted intron-exon splice junction） primer combinations, which were designed according to the intronexon splice junction conserved sequences, were used to construct cotton genetic linkage map in the present study. 49 out of 704 IT-ISJ primer combinations showed polymorphism between upland cotton high quality cultivar Yumian 1 and multiple dominant gene line T586, and the polymorphic primer combinations accounted for 7.0% of total primer combinations. 49 IT-ISJ primer combinations were used to genotype 270 F2：7 recombinant inbred lines developed from （Yumian 1 × T586） F2, and 58 IT-ISJ loci were obtained. 58 IT-ISJ, together with 150 SSR and 8 morphological loci, were used to conduct linkage analysis, and a linkage map including 22 linkage groups and 113 loci （49 IT-ISJ, 62 SSR, and 2 morphological loci） was constructed. The linkage map covered 714.5 cM with an average interval of 6.3 cM between two markers, accounting for 16.1% of cotton genome. The present study demonstrated that the polymorphism of IT-ISJ marker is high, and it could be effectively applied in plant genetic map construction.     

黄芪多糖对肠炎雏鸡小肠黏膜损伤的保护作用

【目的】探究黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide, APS)对雏鸡肠道形态和局部黏膜免疫的影响,阐明APS减轻肠炎雏鸡肠黏膜损伤的作用机制。【方法】在构建LPS诱导肠炎模型试验中,选取15只14日龄SPF雏鸡随机分为3组：对照组(Con)、低剂量脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)模型组(D_L)和高剂量脂多糖模型组(D_H),每组5只。对照组灌喂生理盐水,D_L和D_H组分别灌喂1和2 mg/kg BW LPS,连续处理3 d,取小肠组织,采用HE染色法观察小肠病理变化,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测白介素-1β(interleukin 1β,IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)mRNA表达量,筛选构建肠炎模型的最佳LPS剂量。在APS对肠黏膜损伤的保护试验中,将20只7日龄雏鸡分为4组：对照组(C)、脂多糖炎症组(L)、黄芪多糖组(A)和黄芪多糖抑制炎症组(A+L),每组5只。A和A+L组从7日龄到试验结束每...     

日龄和饲粮添加大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡肠道结构、紧密连接蛋白和防御肽mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究黄羽肉鸡早期发育过程中肠道结构和功能发育的变化,以及在饲粮中添加大麦虫粉对其肠道结构和功能发育的影响.选取90只1日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加300 g/t 15％金霉素和40 g/t 50％维吉尼亚霉素的饲粮,大麦虫...     

基于计算机视觉的水稻叶部病害识别研究

【目的】文章重点分析了病健交界特征参数、病害识别流程对提高病害识别准确率的影响。实现水稻叶部15种主要病害的准确识别,尤其是相似病害的判断。【方法】（1）病斑图像获取：水稻叶部病害图像来源包括水稻大田、病害图册和病害数据库,文中选用改进的mean shift图像分割算法提取病叶图像中的病斑并根据相关方程获取病斑特征信息。（2）特征参数的选择与设计：首先选取一至三阶颜色矩和颜色直方图作为病害的颜色特征参数,选取球状性、偏心率和不变矩作为病斑的形状特征参数,选取角二阶矩、对比度和相关作为病斑的纹理特征参数;然后针对相似病斑误报率高的问题提出一种病健交界特征参数,通过病斑内部、边缘和外围颜色上的差异描述该特征,并根据3个区域相互间归一化颜色直方图的欧氏距离计算该项特征参数,该参数可以用于描述病斑与健康部分交界处的特征。（3）病害识别流程的设计：根据病害在颜色、形状、纹理、病健交界4个特征上差异的显著程度设计完成病害识别流程,流程中首先通过颜色特征识别病害,对于通过颜色特征无法识别的病害再通过形态特征识别,倘若形态特征依然无法识别则通过纹理和病健交界特征进行最终识别。（4）病害识别模型的建立：将病害数据分成两部分,一部分用于建立模型,另一部分用于模型的验证;利用LibSVM程序包完成建模,其中svmtrain函数用于建立支持向量机模型,Grid程序用于优化参数,svmpredict函数用于对模型进行验证。【结果】15种水稻叶部病斑可以从复杂的背景中分割出来,并可快速准确的被识别,平均识别准确率为92.67%,平均漏报率为7.00%,最大漏报率和误报率分别为15.00%和25.00%;病健交界特征参数引入后,识别准确率提高了14.00%,平均漏报率降低了7.50%,漏报率最大降幅为20.00%,误报率最大降幅为65.00%;与用所有特征参数直接进行病害识别相比,采用本文提出的识别流程进行病害识别的准确率提高了12.67%,漏报率降低了9.33%,一些病害的漏报率和误报率降幅达30.00%以上;在识别流程各步骤中,颜色特征识别环节的平均准确率为96.71%,漏报率和误报率均未超过10.00%;形态特征识别环节的平均准确率为94.17%,漏报率和误报率均未超过15.00%;纹理和病健交界特征识别环节的平均准确率为91.50%,漏报率和误报率均未超过25.00%。【结论】利用mean shift图像分割算法可以准确分割水稻叶部病斑;基于支持向量机模型的分类方法可以对15种水稻病斑准确分类;论文中提出的病健交界特征参数以及病斑识别流程均提高了病斑的识别准确率;病健交界特征参数对提高一些相似病害的识别精度效果显著;将这些方法相结合可以有效对水稻常见叶部病害进行识别,为水稻病害的田间智能诊断提供技术支撑。