玉米秸秆水解残渣厌氧消化的产气性能

为了考察玉米秸秆水解残渣(Unhydrolyzed solid,UHS)的厌氧消化产甲烷潜力,研究了接种物类型、接种比例以及发酵温度对UHS产气性能的影响。结果表明,餐厨垃圾厌氧消化液作为接种物时,UHS具有较高的产气能力,累积甲烷产量达到208.06 m L·g~(-1)VS;UHS的累积甲烷产量与接种物对底物的比值(Inoculum to substrate ratios,RI/S)有关,其值随着接种比例的减小而逐渐降低,当接种比例RI/S为0.1∶1~3∶1时,累积甲烷产量为111.20~224.48 m L·g~(-1)VS,UHS的生物降解率为27.89%~56.29%,其降解能力随着底物浓度的升高而降低;在高温发酵(55℃)和中温发酵(35℃)条件下,相同接种比例的对照组中,UHS累积甲烷产量较为接近,但高温发酵的产气速率明显高于中温发酵。     

基于作物生长监测诊断仪的玉米LAI监测模型研究

为探索作物生长监测诊断仪（CGMD-402型）在作物长势监测应用中的精准性与适用性,连续2年在不同氮肥水平下进行不同玉米品种的实验。使用作物生长监测诊断仪采集冠层归一化差值植被指数（Normalized differential vegetation index,NDVI）、比值植被指数（Ratio vegetation index,RVI）,并同步以ASD FR-2500型野外高光谱辐射测量仪获取冠层光谱反射率,构建NDVI、RVI高光谱植被指数;通过对比两种仪器获取的植被指数特征及其定量关系,评价CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪监测精度;基于CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪获取的NDVI、RVI,建立叶面积指数（Leaf area index,LAI）监测模型,并对模型监测精度进行验证。结果表明：玉米冠层NDVI、RVI随施氮量增加而增加,增加幅度分别为8.20%~36.59%、4.40%~25.16%;CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪与ASD FR-2500型野外高光谱辐射测量仪获取的NDVI、RVI相关系数分别为0.991、0.985,决定系数分别为0.983、0.969,说明CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪具有较高的监测精度,可替代ASD FR-2500型野外高光谱辐射测量仪获取NDVI、RVI指数;利用CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪获取NDVI、RVI,建立LAI监测模型的决定系数分别为0.911、0.898;以独立数据对模型精度进行验证,模型预测值与田间实测值间决定系数分别为0.963、0.954,相对误差分别为6.65%、9.37%,表明二者具有高度一致性。研究表明,利用作物生长监测诊断仪能有效监测玉米不同品种LAI动态变化,可以替代AccuPARLP-80型植物冠层分析仪获取玉米LAI数据。     

鲜食型玉米栽培及贮藏加工技术

鲜食型玉米作为大众化的营养果蔬越来越受到人们的偏爱。阐述了鲜食玉米的栽培模式,总结了其栽培及贮藏加工技术,以期为鲜食玉米的生产提供参考。     

Effect of dietary Moringa stem meal level on growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters in geese

Moringa stem meal (MSM) with a high level of crude fibre (CF) might be developed and utilized in herbivorous geese as an unconventional feedstuff. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the MSM level in the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, breast meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in geese from 22 to 70 days of age. A one-factor completely randomized design was adopted in our study. A total of one thousand eight 21-day-old geese were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and 28 birds per replicate. The geese were fed diets containing MSM levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 g/kg during day 22–70. The dietary MSM level had no effect (p > .05) on the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). The feed/gain ratio (F/G) increased linearly (p < .001) as the dietary MSM level increased. No differences (p > .05) were observed in the slaughter performance, meat quality and the relative organ weight (except for thymus) of the geese (p > .05). The relative weight of the thymus in the geese fed diets with supplementation of MSM was higher than that in the non-supplemented MSM control group (p < .05). In addition, 100 g MSM/kg of diet decreased the serum glucose (GLU) level (p < .05) and increased the alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity (p = .03). Dietary MSM levels of no more than 60 g/kg had no effects on the growth performance and slaughter performance, whereas diets with 100 g MSM/kg increased the F/G and serum ALT enzyme activity, as well as decreasing the serum GLU level. Therefore, MSM provided at a reasonable level could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff for geese at the finisher period.     

桑叶粉和发酵桑叶粉对胡须鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及盲肠菌群的影响

试验旨在研究桑叶粉和发酵桑叶粉对胡须鸡饲养后期屠宰性能、肉品质及盲肠菌群的影响。选用95日龄岭南黄Ⅲ号胡须鸡392只,随机分为7组,即对照组,5%、10%、20%桑叶粉组,5%、10%、20%发酵桑叶粉组。每组4个重复,每个重复14只鸡（7公7母）。预试期4 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：①与对照组相比,除10%桑叶粉组外,其余各试验组鸡半净膛率显著降低（P<0.05）;10%发酵桑叶粉组鸡全净膛率显著降低（P<0.05）,20%发酵桑叶粉及10%桑叶粉组鸡全净膛率极显著降低（P<0.01）;饲喂5%发酵桑叶粉或20%桑叶粉使胡须鸡腿肌率分别极显著或显著降低（P<0.01;P<0.05）。②与对照组相比,各试验组胸肌剪切力和桑叶粉各组腿肌剪切力值均有所下降,但只有10%桑叶粉组胸肌剪切力值显著下降（P<0.05）;20%桑叶粉组腿肌pH_{45 min}显著增加（P<0.05）;各试验组腿肌b^*值均有所降低,其中20%桑叶粉组显著降低（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,5%、10%桑叶粉组鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P<0.05）,各试验组盲肠乳酸菌与大肠杆菌比值有提高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,桑叶粉可在胡须鸡生长后期日粮中添加至10%,发酵桑叶粉可添加至20%。     

饲用大豆粕水分快速测定方法的研究

[目的]快速、准确地测定饲用大豆粕的含水量,满足指导生产的要求.[方法]在饲用大豆粕的4个水分波动区间,通过比较饲用大豆粕水分在130℃烘箱中干燥不同时间与国标GB/T 6435-2014饲料中水分的测定方法干燥的效果差异来选择合适的干燥时间,优化实际生产中的水分测定方法.[结果]试验表明,饲用大豆粕在130℃烘箱中干燥20 min测定的水分含量与GB/T 6435-2014所用方法结果相近,这说明在130℃烘箱中干燥20 min的快速水分测定对在线生产有一定的指导意义.[结论]在生产过程中可以使用在130℃烘箱中干燥20 min的方法代替国标法进行饲用大豆粕水分的检测,在确保数据准确性的条件下,此法能够极大地缩短检测时间,及时、有效地为车间生产提供数据指导.     

脱毒菜籽粕饲喂生长肥育猪效果

使用安科Ⅰ号脱毒剂处理过的菜粕,脱毒率达９３．９６％。饲养试验证明,在生长肥育猪日粮中用量达１７％时,可以替代日粮中等蛋白水平的豆粕而不影响其生产水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）。长期大量使用,除对甲状腺组织有轻微的致肿作用外,对试猪的胴体品质以及其他各组织器官的发育与代谢无不良影响。使用脱毒菜粕较豆粕日粮头均多获利２４．９２元。生长肥育猪对脱毒菜粕需一适应过程,生产上表现后期饲喂效果较前期好。菜粕在本法脱毒过程中发生了复杂的理化反应,消除了原先的辛辣味,并产生对动物具有诱食作用的芳香物质,适口性好,无需另外补添诱食调味剂     

添加发酵促进剂玉米青贮饲料对‘平凉红牛’的育肥效果

以添加青贮发酵促进剂青贮发酵益生菌(Max200)和矿物盐载体结合益生菌合剂以及植物细胞壁降解活性制剂(MIXⅡ)的玉米青贮饲料作为粗饲料,将27头‘平凉红牛’公牛(未去势)随机分成3组,即对照组、Max200组、MIXⅡ组,经过180d育肥,分析肉牛的生长育肥指标、胴体品质、经济效益.结果表明:添加青贮发酵促进剂的Max200组和MIXⅡ组与对照组相比,显著提高了肉牛的日干物质采食量(P<0.05);Max200组和MIXⅡ组‘平凉红牛’日增质量分别较对照组高0.09、0.05kg,料肉比分别较对照组低0.49、0.28,说明玉米青贮添加青贮发酵促进剂提高了青贮饲料的转化率;Max200组和MIXⅡ组‘平凉红牛’的屠宰率分别较对照组高2.08%、1.11%,净肉率分别高2.82%、1.51%,胴体产肉率分别高2.04%、1.12%;经济效益分析表明,在相同的肉牛活质量价格时,Max200组、MIXⅡ组‘平凉红牛’分别较对照组平均多赢利297.73、170.13元/头.     

Evaluation of replacing fish meal with corn protein concentrate in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings commercial diet

Four isocaloric‐isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 190 g/kg corn protein concentrate (CPC) as replacement for dietary fish meal were fed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings for 8 weeks. Tilapia growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) different in fish fed diets with 0, 50 and 100 g/kg CPC and found to be superior compared to those fed on 190 g/kg CPC. Fish dressing ratios and body composition were similar among all treatments. The electron microscope indicated that the stomach size of control fish was slightly smaller and the wall was thinner while the stomach of the fish fed all other levels of CPC undergone a remarkable size increase and their walls were thicker after feeding diets with CPC. Total aerobic bacterial and coliform counts were significantly decreased in fish intestine when fed diets with 100 and 190 g/kg CPC compared with fish fed diets with 0 g/kg or 50 g/kg CPC. This study indicates that it is possible to replace up to 534 g/kg of dietary fish meal in tilapia fingerlings using 100 g/kg of CPC without any negative effect on fish growth and proximate body composition.     

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in all‐plant protein diets on growth,antioxidant capacity and muscle energy metabolism of bullfrog Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation in all‐plant protein diets were evaluated on growth, antioxidant capacity and muscle energy metabolism of Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana. Six diets were prepared: a basal fish meal diet (FM), an all soybean meal diet (SM) and four GAA‐supplemented diets by adding 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g GAA/kg to the SM diet (GAA2, GAA4, GAA6 and GAA8 diets). Triplicate groups of bullfrog (45 ± 0.2 g) were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Total substitution of FM with SM led to significantly (p < .05) reduced growth and feed utilization. Adding 0.4 g GAA/kg to the SM diet significantly improved growth performance, and the values were comparable to those of FM group. SM and GAA2 groups showed drastically lower serum total antioxidant capacity than FM, GAA4 and GAA6 groups. Also, SM and GAA2 groups showed significantly lower catalase activity than FM and GAA8 groups. A remarkable increase in serum malondialdehyde concentration was detected in SM and GAA2 groups. FM and GAA6 groups exhibited significantly higher serum creatinine concentration than other groups. Muscle creatine kinase activity and glycogen content were significantly decreased in SM group and application of 0.4–0.6 g GAA/kg significantly improved their values. GAA4 group showed significantly lower pyruvate kinase activity than FM and GAA6 groups. Also, GAA2 and GAA4 groups had significantly lower succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity than other treatments. These findings show that supplementing 0.4 g/kg GAA to SM‐based diets improves growth, antioxidant capacity and muscle energy metabolism.