Evaluation of two soybean meals fed to yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

Aquaculture of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) has been increasing, yet there have been few nutritional studies and no evaluations of alternative protein sources in diets. Solvent‐extracted, dehulled soybean meal (SBM) and expelled‐extruded soybean meal (exSBM) were fed to yellow perch to evaluate their effectiveness in replacing dietary fish meal (FM) in isonitrogenous practical feed formulations. Both soy ingredients were incorporated in graded amounts from 100 to 730 g kg⁻¹ of the diet. Feed consumption, weight gain, feed efficiency (FE) and survival were significantly affected by type of soy ingredient, concentration and the interaction of the two main effects. Consumption was significantly lower in fish fed diets containing 400, 600 and 730 g kg⁻¹ compared to fish fed diets containing lower concentrations. Weight gain was significantly lower in fish fed diets containing 600 g kg⁻¹ and FE significantly lower in fish fed diets containing 500 g kg⁻¹ compared to fish fed the control diet or lower concentrations of soy ingredients. Most fatty acid concentrations were affected by feeding exSBM compared to fish fed the control diet, but long chain fatty acids remained at relatively high concentrations. Based on feed consumption, weight gain and FE data, yellow perch are able to effectively utilize both soy ingredients in practical diets. A conservative recommendation of 300 g kg⁻¹ diet appears appropriate for growout diets.     

Effects of lysine and methionine supplementation on growth,body composition and digestive function of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal

A 76‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of Lysine and Methionine supplementation on growth and digestive capacity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal (CM). Fish with initial average weight 103.9 ± 0.6 g were fed three extruded diets. Fish meal (FM) diet was formulated as the normal control with 40 g kg^?1 FM and 300 g kg^?1 CM; CM diet was prepared by replacing all FM with CM (total 340 g kg^?1) without Lys or Met supplementation; CM supplement (CMS) diet was similar to CM diet but was supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) to ensure the levels of Lys and Met similar to those in the FM diet. Feed intake, feed efficiency and specific growth rate of the grass carp fed CMS and FM diets were similar (P > 0.05), but higher than those of the grass carp fed CM diet (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, relative gut length, intestosomatic index and intestinal folds height were significantly improved in fish fed FM and CMS diets as compared to CM diet (P < 0.05). Lower activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed CM diet (P < 0.05). Three hundred and forty gram per kilogram CM without Lys or Met supplementation significantly decreased trypsin, lipase and amylase mRNA levels in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the high supply of CM (340 g kg^?1) in plant protein (200 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 100 g kg^?1 cottonseed meal) diets decreased digestive ability through decreasing digestive enzyme activities and enzyme gene's expressions of grass carp, and these side effects can be reversed by supplementing Lys and Met. Therefore, CM could be high level used in a plant protein blend‐based extruded diet for grass carp as long as EAA were supplemented.     

Effect of fermentation on the nutritive value of sesame seed meal in the diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings

Six isonitrogenous (350 g kg⁻¹ crude protein) and isoenergetic (17573 kJ kg⁻¹) experimental diets incorporating raw and fermented sesame ( Seasamum indicum ) seed meal at 200, 300, and 400 g kg⁻¹ into a fishmeal based diet were fed to rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings for 60 days and the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of the fish was studied. The antinutritional factor phytic acid, from raw sesame seed meal, could be reduced below detection limit by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ). Fermentation of the oilseed meal resulted in reduction of the tannin content from 20 to 10 g kg⁻¹. In terms of growth response, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio, a diet containing 400 g kg⁻¹ fermented sesame seed meal resulted in a significantly ( P  < 0.01) best fish performance. In general, growth and feed utilization efficiencies of fish fed fermented sesame seed meal diets were superior to those fed raw oilseed meal diets. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) values decreased with increasing levels of raw oilseed meal. APD was, however, significantly ( P  < 0.01) higher at all levels of incorporation of fermented sesame seed meal, while diets containing raw oilseed meal resulted in poor protein and lipid digestibility. Carcass protein and lipid contents of fish fed fermented sesame seed meal diets increased with increasing level of incorporation, being highest with 400 g kg⁻¹ fermented oilseed meal-containing diet. The results showed that sesame seed meal may be incorporated in carp diets up to 200 g kg⁻¹ and 400 g kg⁻¹ in raw and treated (fermented) forms respectively.     

中华绒螯蟹对赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和精氨酸的需要量

为探究饲料中辅酶渣替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹生长性能、健康情况和肠道菌群的影响,以中华绒螯蟹幼蟹 (0.70±0.01g)为研究对象,分别以等蛋白的辅酶渣替代基础饲料中鱼粉的0% (对照组,含20%鱼粉)、20%、40%、60%、80%、100% (记为C、T20、T40、T60、T80、T100)的饲料投喂8周。结果显示,与C组相比,T40组生长性能无显著改变,T60组肌肉粗蛋白含量显著降低。T80组、T100组生长性能、体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著降低;与C组相比,替代组血清谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)、碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、甘油三酯 (TG)水平未见显著差异,总蛋白水平 (TP)在T100组显著降低。血清葡萄糖 (Glu)在替代组中显著降低。T60、T80、T100组的血清总胆固醇 (T-CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C)含量显著降低,T80、T100组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C)含量显著降低;与C组相比,各替代组肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性无显著差异,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)活性显著上升,T100组丙二醛 (MDA)含量显著降低;C、T40、T80组肠道菌群α多样性指数无显著差异,主坐标分析显示T80组蟹肠道菌群组成较C组发生改变。研究表明,辅酶渣替代饲料中40%的鱼粉对幼蟹的生长、抗氧化能力、肠道菌群无负面影响,但当替代比例超过80%时将导致幼蟹的生长性能下降、营养物质积累减少和肠道菌群稳态发生改变。

     

Chemical Characterization of Testes Meals Made from Alaska's Seafood Processing Byproducts

ABSTRACT

Our objective was to produce a unique feed ingredient from underutilized walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) testes. Protein content in meals from both species (72% and 80%, respectively) were above the values found in high quality herring meals (～70%), but both were poor in some essential amino acids, e.g., methionine. Additionally, both were good sources of the amino acid taurine (1.7 and 2.2% of meal, respectively). Pollock meal was very rich in phospholipids (82% of total lipids) and in DHA (28 mg/g meal) and EPA (18 mg/g meal), indicating potential as an ingredient in larval starter diets. The purine contents in both pollock and salmon testes meals were more than 10 times the concentrations found in other fish byproducts or commercial fishmeals. The high concentrations of purines found in these testes, especially in the salmon meal, make it an ideal candidate for an immune system stimulant when added to dietary formulations.     

不同产地棉籽粕营养成分、代谢能及氨基酸利用率的研究

棉籽粕(cottonseed meal, CSM)是棉籽榨油后产生的副产物,其粗蛋白质含量高,氨基酸种类丰富,是一种潜在的优质蛋白饲料原料。但棉籽粕因游离棉酚等抗营养因子的存在限制了其在畜禽生产中的应用。本文综述了棉籽粕的营养特点、棉籽粕脱毒的常用方法及脱毒棉籽粕在家禽中的应用情况,以期为棉籽粕在家禽生产上的合理应用提供参考。     

超甜1号玉米适宜采收期的确定及采后保鲜技术研究

通过测定甜玉米鲜果穗水分及糖分含量,探讨甜玉米适采期及采后保鲜技术。结果表明:甜玉米的适采期为授粉后18～21d,包装方式和贮藏温度对鲜棒采后品质影响很大,最好采用真空包装后低温贮藏,以延长保鲜时间。     

复合菌剂发酵秸秆的作用及应用

以玉米秸秆为试验材料,研究了复合剂的添加量及发酵条件对对玉米秸秆纤维素和粗蛋白含量的影响.结果表明:在温度为25℃,菌种和秸秆比例为1:300的条件下,有氧发酵60、120、180、240、300和360 h后,秸秆纤维素含量分别下降了1.25%、5.09%、8.08%、8.51%、8.85%和9.31%,粗蛋白含量提...     

玉米秸秆对土壤微生物性质的影响

以黑钙土为供试土壤，初步研究了玉米秸秆对黑钙土微生物数量及种群丰富度、种群更替的影响。180d的培养试验结果表明：玉米秸秆对土壤微生物的数量、活性具有促进作用。其中，玉米秸秆对土壤真菌数量的影响大于对细菌数量的影响，细菌与真菌的数量比（B／F）由1.42降低到1.25。微生物种群丰富度下降，具有使土壤微生物区系由细菌型向真菌型转化的趋势。     

在双低菜籽饼型日粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸡钙磷利用率的影响

在含10%双低菜籽饼的肉鸡日粮中添加600u/kg和700u/kg的植酸酶并取代一半的磷酸氢钙,观察植酸酶对肉鸡钙、磷利用率的影响。结果表明:添加600u/kg和700u/kg植酸酶的试2、3组较未添加植酸酶的试1组其钙和磷利用率分别提高7.08个百分点、9.85个百分点和10.97个百分点、12.13个百分点,植酸磷的利用率提高13.35个百分点、14.01个百分点,磷的排泄量下降10.90个百分点、13.30个百分点,差异显著(P<0.05)。证明在双低菜籽饼型日粮中添加植酸酶改进了钙、磷的利用率,而且还可取代一半的磷酸氢钙。