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By influencing belowground processes, streamside vegetation affects soil processes important to surface water quality. We
conducted this study to compare root distributions and dynamics, and total soil respiration among six sites comprising an
agricultural buffer system: poplar (Populus × euroamericana‘ Eugenei), switchgrass, cool-season pasture grasses, corn (Zea
mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). The dynamics of fine (0--2 mm) and small roots (2--5 mm) were assessed by
sequentially collecting 35 cm deep, 5.4 cm diameter cores from April through November. Coarse roots were described by excavating
1 × 1 × 2 m pits and collecting all roots in 20 cm depth increments. Root distributions within the soil profile were determined
by counting roots that intersected the walls of the excavated pits. Soil respiration was measured monthly from July to October
using the soda-lime technique. Over the sampling period, live fine-root biomass in the top 35 cm of soil averaged over 6 Mg
ha-1 for the cool-season grass, poplar, and switchgrass sites while root biomass in the crop fields was < 2.3 Mg ha-1 at its maximum. Roots of trees, cool-season grasses, and switchgrass extended to more than 1.5 m in depth, with switchgrass
roots being more widely distributed in deeper horizons. Root density was significantly greater under switchgrass and cool-season
grasses than under corn or soybean. Soil respiration rates, which ranged from 1.4--7.2 g C m-2 day-1, were up to twice as high under the poplar, switchgrass and cool-season grasses as in the cropped fields. Abundant fine roots,
deep rooting depths, and high soil respiration rates in the multispecies riparian buffer zones suggest that these buffer systems
added more organic matter to the soil profile, and therefore provided better conditions for nutrient sequestration within
the riparian buffers.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
84.
对我国北部温凉带地区草坪网球场草坪建植作了实地实验建议。结果表明:匍茎翦股颖+草地早熟禾+匍匐紫羊茅+黑麦草+小糠草混播,比例为40:30:20:5:5,该组合适应兰州地区的生境条件和网球场功能需要。配制床上要在表层10cm之内,每平方米掺泥炭或锯木屑0.1~03m3。排水体按水工反滤层设计,排水管接鱼刺状布设,按此方法建成后表现出良好的特性和排水效果。当气温达16℃左右时,北方地区均可播种,3个月后成坪,除正常的管理外,需定期覆沙、镇压、打孔、修剪等特殊养护,方可进行正常的网球运动。 相似文献
85.
种间杂交狗牙根足球场草坪的建植与管理技术研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文系统地总结了 Tifway 足球场草坪的建植和日常养护管理技术。证明种间杂交狗牙根品种 Tifway 是成都地区建植足球场的理想品种,值得大力推广。 相似文献
86.
南京地区草坪主要杂草初步调查 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14
经过近3年时间的调查,观测和鉴定,发现南京地区草坪的主要杂草有23科53属54种 ,其中,夏,秋季危害草坪的主要杂草有马唐,牛筋草,画眉草,狗尾草,白茅,双穗雀,李氏禾,三叶草,空心莲子草等;冬,春季危害草坪的主要杂草有泥胡菜,猪殃殃,雪见草,附地菜,蘩蒌,稻槎菜,看麦娘,粘毛卷耳,大巢菜,婆婆纳等,不同建植年限和管理水平下的草坪杂草分布特点不同。 相似文献
87.
Integrated Pest Management of Pest Mole Crickets with Emphasis on the Southeastern USA 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
There are at least 70 species of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). Some are rare, others are innocuous, and a few are important pests. These soil-dwelling pests damage underground parts of a long list of cultivated plants. Although tillage and flooding are used successfully in some situations to bring these pests to the soil surface and expose them to vertebrate and other predators, chemical pesticides are widely used against them. Knowledge of their life history is used to time application of chemical treatments to save money, but is not used as widely as it might be. Classical biological control has been used against immigrant mole crickets in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the southern USA. In Florida, three Scapteriscus species from South America cause major damage to pastures and turf and are targets of a classical biological control program. Population levels of two of the pest species have been reduced substantially in Florida by establishment of a tachinid fly (Ormia depleta) and a steinernematid nematode (Steinernema scapterisci) from South America. The nematode also functions as a biopesticide. Managers of pastures and turf in Florida have thus far derived benefit from these classical biological control agents without understanding their function: use of chemicals is reduced when mole cricket populations are lower due to action of these organisms. Future enhancement of the action of O. depleta and of a sphecid wasp (Larra bicolor, which also was introduced from South America) probably will demand deliberate planting of nectar sources for adults of these biological control agents, and the advantage will be to managers who adopt such a strategy. Chemical pesticide use is strongly promoted by a large chemical industry, whereas biopesticidal use has thus far been little promoted and sales have been few. Even managers who do not change their simple strategy of pesticide use in response to damage by mole crickets, and have no knowledge of the differing life cycles of the three Scapteriscus species or of the presence and action of the classical biological control agents, will derive benefit as these biological control agents (and a predatory beetle which has not yet been released) increase their distribution. 相似文献
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