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41.
冬季抗旱措施对小麦耗水特征与生育性状的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在2010—2011年小麦生长季节降水量为47.7 mm条件下,采用冬季抗旱处理时期(1月28日、2月12日、2月27日)、冬季抗旱措施与春一水灌水量组合(冬季喷灌+春一水灌水量75 mm、漫灌措施+春一水灌水量75 mm,冬季覆盖牛粪措施+春一水灌水量90 mm)2因素设计,研究了河北低平原区高产条件下冬小麦耗水特征和生育性状。结果表明:各处理的小麦全生育期总耗水量为384.93~464.24 mm,产量水分利用效率为15.23~20.87 kg·hm-2·mm-1。播种到越冬期和起身到灌浆期是小麦耗水量较大的时期。同一处理时期不同水肥措施下,随灌水量的增加,耗水量有增加趋势,水分利用效率与灌溉水利用效率有降低趋势;其中以牛粪覆盖措施小麦产量和灌水利用效率最高,喷灌措施小麦产量水分利用效率高于漫灌。同期不同水肥措施对小麦干物质再分配的影响表现为:牛粪覆盖措施和对照促进了小麦开花前营养器官贮存的同化物向籽粒再分配,喷灌和漫灌提高了小麦开花后干物质积累量和籽粒中来自花后积累干物质的比例。不同处理时期同一水肥措施比较,随处理时期推迟籽粒产量有增加趋势。以上结论可为指导小麦冬季田间旱情补救措施提供理论依据。 相似文献
42.
农村电力系统负荷预测研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对黑龙江省庆安县农村电力系统的负荷进行系统的分析,对各种中长期负荷预测方法进行研究,搜集负荷的历史资料,并对搜集的负荷数据资料进行分析,找出负荷的变化规律,选择适合于黑龙江省庆安县农村电力系统的中长期负荷预测模型,为满足电力生产部门和管理部门的要求提供依据。 相似文献
43.
根据机械设备等间距大修的特点。研究提出适用于该类机械设备维修费预测的新方法,即季节周期预测法。示例计算表明,运用此法对等间距大修维修费进行预测,具有较高的精度。 相似文献
44.
短季棉主要农艺性状的遗传分析 总被引:17,自引:11,他引:17
选用5个早熟不早衰的短季棉品种和5 个早衰的短季棉品种进行部分双列杂交。通过对亲本、F1 和F2 代分别于2001 年和 2002 年两年田间试验研究。结果表明:子棉产量、皮棉产量和衣分3个性状以显性效应为主,其次为加性效应,同时还存在极显著的加性上位性与环境的互作效应,单铃重和成铃数以显性效应为主;与早熟有关的诸性状,生育期、始花期、铃期和果枝始节4个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,霜前花率以显性效应×环境互作效应为主,同时存在显著的加性上位效应,落叶株率以加性与加性互作上位性为主,落叶指数以加性效应为主;与纤维品质有关的诸性状,2.5%跨长、比强度、伸长率3个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,同时还存在着加性、上位性与环境的互作效应;同时还研究了产量、早熟性和纤维品质各性状之遗传和表型相关关系。 相似文献
45.
早籼稻品种更替过程中农艺性状的演变特征 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以南方稻区品种更替过程中大面积推广的18个早籼稻代表品种为材料,按高秆品种、矮秆品种、矮抗品种、优超品种4个演变阶段,采用常规栽培方法研究其农艺性状的演变特征。结果表明,随着品种的演变,产量、收获指数、每穗粒数均有提高;有效穗、结实率、千粒重变化不大。进一步分析表明,每穗粒数的增加是着粒密度改良所致。农艺性状与年代的回归分析表明,生物量与株高在1980年后有增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势。相关分析表明,决定早籼稻产量的农艺性状为生物量、株高、收获指数和每穗粒数。 相似文献
46.
Flower initiation date and readiness to flowering in buds of different age were studied in ‘Fino de Jete’ cherimoya (Annona cherimola) cultivar in order to establish the limits for the manipulation of its flowering date. Flower initiation was analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) collecting axillary buds from May to the following February, whereas the bud readiness to produce perfect flowers was determined by forcing buds of different age to sprout by means of leaf removal and tipping the new growth. SEM images confirm that cherimoya buds are differentiated into flowers almost a year before blooming. In this regard, axillary buds have already formed the sepals when the subtending leaf has just begun unfolding (week 0), while the petals are clearly visible in 1-week-old buds. Sectioning of paraffin-embedded buds illustrate that cherimoya buds are in fact a bud complex that 1 week after its inception comprises 4–5 buds of different size of which the two largest ones are reproductive, while the 2–3 smallest buds often remain undifferentiated at that time. The high capacity of flowering expressed by young buds that have been forced to grow proves that cherimoya meristems are early competent for flowering. No differences in fertility or in the time needed to reach anthesis after leaf removal were found among buds of different ages. Node position had no effect on bud break and flowering potential. The early flower initiation in cherimoya deduced from this work opens a wide temporal window for the experimental manipulation of flowering and harvest dates in this crop. 相似文献
47.
Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mahdi Gheysari Seyed Majid Mirlatifi Mehdi Homaee Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(6):946-954
Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO3) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha−1), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO3-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO3-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha−1, for the 142 kg N ha−1 and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO3 concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l−1, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO3 leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management. 相似文献
48.
ABSTRACT: Common silver biddy Gerres oyena were collected monthly between November 2002 and November 2005 in Okinawa Island of southern Japan. The seasonal reproductive cycle of this species was investigated using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and through histological observation of gonads. Temporal variation in the GSI reflected gonadal development from histological observations; ovary development occurred from March to September and testes development occurred between March and August. Maximal development was observed in April and May in both sexes. While mean values for hepatosomatic and lipidosomatic indices decreased markedly in females relative to males during gonadal development, mean condition factors decreased with gonadal recrudescence in both sexes. The minimum standard length (SL) at sexual maturity was 89.7 mm for females and 81.4 mm for males and the size at which 50% of individuals were sexually mature was 104 and 92 mm SL in females and males, respectively. The power relationships of batch fecundity (BF) versus standard length (SL, mm) and body weight (BW, g) of females can be expressed as BF = 46.7 × e1.64 SL and BF = 19 697 × e0.49 BW , respectively. 相似文献
49.
Information about reproductive season, size at sexual maturity and size-dependent reproductive potentials is important for
efficient resource management. Such information is necessary to determine seasonal closures and minimum legal size limits.
To conserve resources of coconut crab Birgus latro, which are in danger of extinction due to excessive exploitation, their reproductive season, female size at functional maturity
and relationship between female size and reproductive potentials were investigated. The reproductive season started in early
June and ended late August, and females with higher reproductive potentials showed a tendency to spawn early in the reproductive
season. The prohibition of exploiting the resources during the reproductive season, especially early in the season, would
be appropriate for sustainability of high reproductive outputs. Fifty percent of investigated females matured functionally
at 24.5-mm thoracic length (TL). However, the size at which all females reached functional maturity was 32.3 mm TL, and there
was a wide variation in the size of functional maturity among individuals. We must determine minimum legal size by taking
the variation into account to allow all individuals to mate at least once before they are caught, which may prevent serious
depression in reproductive rate and genetic diversity. 相似文献
50.