红豆草草地生产能力的评价

用测产、化学分析，动物消化代谢试验等方法，对不同生育时期红豆草草地的生产能力及光能利用率做了全面评价，结果表明，盛花期红豆草生产能力最高，干物质产量达10336．2kg/hm^2，绵羊对其干物质的消化率为63．33％，产可消化干物质5263．6kg；产粗蛋白1491．5kg，消化率67．24％，产可消化粗蛋白900．2kg；氮的代谢沉积率18．22％，盛花期红豆草能值为18196．5KJ／kg，可积累能量188．08GJ/hm^2，占红豆草生长期内太阳有效辐射的2．56％，占农作物生长季内太阳有效辐射的0．84％，占全年太阳有效辐射的0．62％，能量消化率为61．27％。积累的可消化能94．06GJ/hm^2，占红豆草生长期，农作物生长季和全年太阳有效辐射比率依次为1．28％，0．42％，和0．31％。     

鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模和干玉米秸混合青贮料喂牛试验

８头４～５岁的役用秦川母牛按配对原则分为对照组和试验组。两组牛的精料配方基本相同，但试验组牛饲粮用７．７５％的鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模粉（以下简称鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１）代替对照组中同等重量的小麦麸；对照组牛的粗料全部用干玉米秸，试验组半用６０％干玉米秸和４０％的玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯叶混合青贮料。正试期２０ｄ。结果表明：试验组牛的平均日增重为 ０．７８７ｋｇ，对照组０．６９０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组牛日增重提高了 １４．０６％；每增重 １ｋｇ活重试验组牛消耗精、粗料分别为２．５４ｋｇ、５．２５ｋｇ，对照组半分别为２．９０ｋｇ、５．５０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组个节约精料０．３６ｋｇ、粗料０．２５ｋｇ；试验组每头牛毛盈利为７３．３４元，对照组５９．４０元，前者比后者提高经济效益２３．４７％。说明在役用母牛饲粮中，用鲁梅克斯粉代替精料中的小麦麸并用玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯混合青贮料能获得良好的生产性能和经济效益。     

Effect of phenolic nonprotein amino acid L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) on growth performance, metabolic rates and feed nutrient utilization of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Two experiments (I and II) were conducted to evaluate the effect of nonprotein phenolic amino acid, L ‐dopa (L ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine) on growth, metabolism and feed assimilation of common carp. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (diets 1–6 containing 0, 2.5, 7.0, 14, 28 and 56 g kg^–1L ‐dopa, respectively) were prepared by replacing wheat meal in the feed with L ‐dopa. For experiment I (8‐week duration), each treatment had two replicates with five fish each per replicate (mean initial body mass of 13.4 ± 1.0 g), whereas five groups of carp, each consisting of three fish, individually kept in respiration chambers, giving three replicates per treatment with a mean body mass of 25.0 ± 1.8 g were used for experiment II (4‐week duration). Fish were fed six times their maintenance ration daily (3.2 g feed kg^–0.8 day^–1). No fish died during either experiment. In experiment I, the growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) of carp fed diets 1, 2 and 3 were similar but they were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in dietary groups 4, 5 and 6. However, no significant differences were observed with regard to body composition (moisture, protein, lipid, ash and energy contents) between control (1) and the diets 2, 3, 4 and 5. Fish fed diet 6 had reduced lipid and energy contents (P < 0.05) when compared with other dietary groups. In experiment II, L ‐dopa significantly increased the oxygen consumption per unit body weight gain in treatments 4, 5 and 6. The average metabolic rate also tended to be higher in these groups. The energy expenditure was similar in treatment groups, but the energy retention was significantly lower and energy dissipated significantly higher in dietary groups 4, 5 and 6. The cholesterol level in blood plasma between the control and L ‐dopa containing diets was not significantly different. It may be concluded that at higher inclusion rates (>7 g kg^–1) L ‐dopa appears to be a major antinutrient and hence the protein sources of plant origin, containing high amounts of L ‐dopa (i.e. mucuna beans) should be used with caution as fish meal substitutes in carp diets.     

生长激素（PST）脂质体对育肥猪生产性能的影响

选择18头体重20kg左右的太湖二元杂交小公猪，分成A、B、C3组，每组6头。A组为对照组；B组颈部肌肉注射生长激素（PST）4ml/头；C组颈部肌肉注射PST脂质体28mg/头；结果表明PST与PST脂质体对育猪的生产性能影响较为接近，与对照组相比，均可显著提高育肥猪的日增重，饲料报酬，改善猪的胴体品质，说明PST脂质体可代替PST用于生产实践。     

Analysis of Land use and Land Cover Changes in the Coastal Area of Bangladesh using Landsat Imagery

Coastal land use across the globe has experienced remarkable rapid change over the recent decades because of extraordinary anthropogenic pressure and climate variability and change. Therefore, quantitative information about coastal land use change is imperative for effective management and planning resources for sustainable development. We analysed the quantitative land use and land cover changes during 1989–2000–2010 periods in three important agroecological zones of the most vulnerable coastal region of Bangladesh using Landsat images (Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus). In the Ganges Tidal Floodplain, the area under shrimp cultivation greatly increased at the rate of 2·05% per annum. The majority of the shrimp area gained from conversion of single cropland. In the Meghna Estuarine Floodplain, decreased mudflat and water bodies were observed, which was predominantly converted into cropland. In Chittagong Coastal Plain, salt pan–shrimp area increased with the expense of single and/or double cropland. In all the study areas, settlement area considerably increased over time. The dynamics of land use change have been attributed to low and unstable food production in the coastal region. The approach adopted in study and the results obtained from the study would likely be useful for policy making and identifying direction for future studies on the coastal land use in Bangladesh. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变频调速器在机械通风与谷物冷却中的应用前景

为了降低综合成本，谋求经济效益最大化，在机械通风与谷物冷却中采用变频调速器后，实现了电机的软启动，延长了电机的寿命，也减少了风道的振动与磨损，特别是在低负荷时更为显著，具有良好的节能效果和实用价值。     

聚光太阳能温差发电装置性能分析与试验

为提高太阳能温差发电装置的热电转换效率,该文设计聚光太阳能温差发电装置,利用槽式抛物面反射聚光镜进行聚光,经集热体转换为热能后提高温差发电器(thermoelectric generator,TEG)热端温度,冷端采用扁平热管作为传热元件,利用水冷散热,增大TEG冷热端温差,提高装置输出功率及热电转换效率。对装置建立能量转换平衡方程,通过数值计算分析不同太阳辐射强度对热损失、光热转换效率及热电转换效率的影响。为解决多个热电模块串联在一起,无法使每个模块都工作在最大功率输出状态,从而导致整体输出功率降低的问题,采用集中-分布混合式最大功率跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT),试验结果表明,经过MPPT后装置能很快达到最大功率输出点,且输出功率稳定,运行30 min输出功率增加3.2 W。搭建了装置的性能测试平台,对基于槽式抛物面反射聚光与扁平热管水冷散热的聚光太阳能温差发电装置进行试验研究,结果表明,随着冷却水流量的增加装置输出功率得到提高,当冷却水流量达到8 L/min后,输出功率趋于平缓;随着温差的增大装置的最佳匹配负载逐渐增加。装置的全天性能试验表明,试验期间装置最大输出功率为30.1 W,平均输出功率27.8 W,试验期间发出电量222.4 W·h,热电转换效率最大为5.4%,装置最大效率4.1%,该装置在远程传感器供电和微功耗供电等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

北川河流域退耕还林不同配置模式对土壤抗冲性的影响

在青海大通县北川河流域分浅山区和脑山区各选择了5种退耕还林配置模式,研究了不同配置模式对土壤抗冲性的影响,结果表明:在浅山区,土壤抗冲性指数与枯落物现存量呈显著正相关,以模式D(中国沙棘)的抗冲性指数最大,为1.136 s/g,以模式E(柠条)的最小,为0.385 s/g;在脑山区,土壤抗冲性指数与团聚度、总孔隙度呈显著正相关,模式F(青海云杉)的土壤抗性指数最大,为1.652 s/g,模式J(青杨 中国沙棘)的土壤抗冲性指数最小。     

退耕还林还草中建立生态系统与经济系统“弹性资源”初论

退耕还林还草中．建设生态系统与经济系统“弹性资源”,对于良性生态经济系统调控机制的形成具有重要的作用。通过对其概念的界定．得出了生态系统与经济系统“弹性资源”的3个重要特征：(1)具有多种可供利用的途径．可满足不同阶段生态环境建设和商品生产发展的需求;(2)具有稳定的生态经济系统结构和良好的自我调控机制;(3)满足生态目标、经济目标和社会目标的有机统一。以县南沟示范区为例研究了其弹性资源建设标准和进展。     

退耕和禁牧影响下宁夏原州区畜牧经济的灰色关联分析

分析了原州区退耕和禁牧前后近10 a畜牧业的发展情况和农民收益及牧业收入情况。对比发现,畜牧业收入的增幅高于农民纯收入的增幅,原州区畜牧业在农业总产值中的比重不断上升,在促进农民增收和国民经济增长中的作用不断增强。应用灰色关联度分析的结果进一步表明,饲料、人工、资金、技术投入的增多,以及政策的扶持使该区畜牧经济影响因子的关联度出现了较大变动。