异粒包膜控释肥料氮素释放特性的研究

按照商品控释肥料的核芯肥料之粒级进行混配,利用底喷流化包膜技术制造出异粒包膜控释肥。通过静水培养试验,分别测得不同粒径控释肥料0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、14、21、28、56 d的氮素释放率,探讨粒径对氮素释放率、膜芯比等的影响。结果表明,随着粒径增加,氮素释放率明显降低,培养1 d,2～3、3～4、4～5 mm粒径控释肥料的氮素释放率依次为26.9%、4.45%、1.26%; 2～3 mm粒径的控释肥料的控释期只有4 d,3～4 mm为28 d,4～5 mm的大于56 d。培养过程,即控释肥料氮素释放过程,前期释放的氮素主要来自3 mm粒径的控释肥料。粒径大小对膜芯比有极显著的影响,膜芯比随着粒径的增加而增加。2～3 mm粒径控释肥料膜芯比比预设的降低15.58%,3～4 mm的降低了4.29%; 而4～5 mm的膜芯比则比设计的增加了5.65％。因此要保证控释肥料产品的质量,核芯肥料的粒级是必须控制的重要因素之一。     

包膜及其与生化抑制剂结合型尿素在草甸棕壤中尿素态氮溶出特征

在室内恒温培养条件下,以日本70 d聚烯烃包膜尿素和大颗粒尿素为对照,研究4种丙烯酸树脂（MMA）包膜及其与生化抑制剂结合尿素肥料在土壤中尿素态氮溶出与水解特征,以确定不同种MMA包膜尿素在土壤中缓/控释效果与尿素转化机理。结果表明,4种MMA包膜尿素在土壤中尿素累积溶出量在48 d后达到最大值,接近100%,尿素态氮累积溶出80％的时间分别在第24和28 d,时段平均溶出率最高峰值均出现在9～12 d,为7.73%/d～8.04%/d。4种MMA包膜肥料尿素态氮在土壤中累积残留量高峰值分别出现在20和24 d。MMA膜和NBPT共同作用对抑制尿素释放作用效果十分显著, 其结合型肥料对抑制尿素释放作用最强。     

Soil Colloidal P Release Potentials under Various Polyacrylamide Addition Levels

Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) can prevent soil erosion, but its effect on fine particulate phosphorus (P), such as colloidal P, has not been thoroughly examined. The effects of PAM on the release potentials of water‐dispersible colloids (WDC) and total P, molybdenum‐reactive P (MRP), and molybdenum‐unreactive P (MUP) in the colloidal and truly dissolved phases (i.e., TP_coll, MRP_coll, MUP_coll, TP_truly, MRP_truly, and MUP_truly) from six soils across South China were tested in this study. The results showed that the release potentials of TP_coll in the control treatments were 6·9–46·1 mg kg⁻¹ and generally highest in sandy loam soil. Following low (12·5 kg ha⁻¹), middle (25 kg ha⁻¹), and high (50 kg ha⁻¹) levels of PAM application, the release potential of TP_coll decreased by 41·7, 63·2, and 77·4% compared to the control group, respectively. Additionally, PAM may trigger MRP_coll and TP_truly releases in sandy loam and/or silt soils, and for most soils, MRP_truly and MUP_truly showed the highest release potentials at middle or high PAM levels. A significant PAM application level by soil site interaction for the release potentials of WDC and colloidal P was observed. Multiple linear regression showed that the PAM rate combined with soil sand content can successfully predict the release potentials of WDC (R² = 0·552, p  < 0·001) and TP_coll (R² = 0·738, p  < 0·001). Our results suggest that PAM can effectively reduce the loss of soil colloids and colloidal P, while its effects are related to both application level and soil texture. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吲哚美辛缓释胶囊制备的处方研究

制备了吲哚美辛缓释胶襄,并考察了其释药机理及影响释药因素。结果表明：微晶纤维素的用量是影响微丸质量的主要因素,包衣材料乙基纤维素与聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ号的比例及包衣增重是影响药物释放的主要因素。吲哚美辛缓释胶襄制备工艺稳定,能够达到12h平稳释药。     

土-箱基-框架结构动力相互作用体系试验研究

通过对1/2大比例模型的试验与仿真分析,研究了结构-箱基础-土体系的动力反应.将实测基频结果与基于刚性地基的仿真分析结果对比,发现实测结果小于有限元结果;但将实测基频结果与考虑相互作用的仿真分析结果对比,发现实测结果与仿真分析结果吻合,这说明土-箱基础-结构相互作用改变了结构体系的动力特性,使结构体系的自振周期延长,同时也验证了仿真分析的有效性.     

Closantel缓释剂对实验感染肝片吸虫山羊机体自由基影响的研究

选用5只实验感染肝片吸虫山羊研究Closantel缓释剂对机体抗氧化功能的影响，实验用山羊每只一次性口服肝片吸虫囊蚴150个，感染后第15周随机将山羊分成对照组（n=2）和驱虫组（n=3），驱虫组每羊口服两颗Closantel缓释剂，每周定时采集颈静脉血液，检测血清抗氧化酶的变化，观察服用Closantel缓释剂对其的影响。结果表明投药后山羊血清中GSH－Px、CAT均有不同程度的升高，SOD变化不显著，而脂质过氧化产物MDA含量则下降，提示Closantel的缓释剂型对实验感染肝片吸虫山羊机体的抗氧化产生了影响，对机体有一定保护作用。     

发电机原动系统仿真器程序设计

研制了一种新型的基于80C196KC单片机的原动机仿真系统的软件．对系统中的调速器，利用灵活的单片机的软件去实现其功能，不仅使硬件线路大为简化，并且克服了模拟电路结构复杂、电子元器件容易老化、易受环境温度影响和抗干扰能力差等缺点，提高了整个系统的控制精度、可靠性和稳定性．此外还设置了液晶显示器和人机通讯接口，可将原动机仿真系统的运行参数以数字信号的形式传输到监控系统或者PC机，操作直观、便于监视．微机软件编写采用了模块化，使软件的编写更方便、简单，软件已完全通过调试，达到了预期的效果。     

Function of controlled release fertilizer in maintaining high agronomic use efficiency and minimizing environmental pollution in rice field of southern China

Development and use of controlled release fertilizer （CRF） in southern China, potential advantages of CRF in increasing rice yield and nutrient use efficiency were introduced, as well as its role of minimizing rice field＇s environmental contamination was discussed. Meanwhile, some suggestions were proposed.     

水稻赤枯病防治技术研究

2005年,环渤海地区较大面积发生水稻红苗病.对发病田的大量现场调查发现,大多数田块的发病症状属于根中毒型赤枯病,少数田块属于缺锌、缺钾型赤枯病,个别田块是由于稻水象甲危害造成.诱发赤枯病的因素很多,但主要是低温缺氧造成的.其防治措施主要有改进耕作技术、改革水层管理和科学施肥等.     

Changes in Cd,Cu, Ni,Pb and Zn Fractionation and Liberation Due to Mussel Shell Amendment on a Mine Soil

Mining activities are related to relevant environmental pollution issues that should be controlled. We used sequential extractions to fractionate Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn retained on unamended or mussel shell‐amended mine soil samples, all of them treated with a mixture of the five heavy metals (total metal concentration of 1·57 mmol L⁻¹), after 1, 7 and 30 days of incubation. In addition, we used the stirred flow chamber technique to study the release of each of the five heavy metals from these different unamended and shell‐amended soil samples. The results indicate that the shell amendment caused a decrease in the most soluble fraction, while increasing the most recalcitrant (least mobile) fraction. With equivalent implications, the stirred flow chamber experiments showed that mussel shell amendment was associated to a decrease in heavy metal release and increased retention. The highest mussel shell dose and incubation time caused the most relevant changes in pH values and thus in metal retention, also indicating the importance of pH modifications in the mechanism of retention acting in the amended samples. In view of these results, the use of mussel shell amendment can be encouraged to increase heavy metal retention in acid mine soils, in order to minimise risks of environmental pollution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.