INTRAOPERATIVE CONTRAST‐ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF NORMAL CANINE JEJUNUM

Nine normal juvenile dogs were evaluated with direct jejunal contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography via midline celiotomy. Three different doses of ultrasound contrast medium (Definity^®) were injected through a peripheral venous catheter. Time‐intensity curves were used to calculate baseline, time to initial rise, inflow slope, time‐to‐peak, peak intensity (PI), and outflow slope for each administered dose. PI was directly proportional to dose. Outflow slope was similar for all patients, independent of dose. The most favorable images were acquired with a dose of 0.030 ml/kg given as a rapid intravenous manual bolus. The technique and normal jejunal perfusion pattern described herein may provide useful data for evaluation of intestinal vascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic disease in the dog.     

Temporal association of potato tuber development with susceptibility to common scab and Streptomyces scabiei‐induced responses in the potato periderm

Using hydroponics and novel non‐destructive pot culture systems which enable inoculation at specific tuber development stages, the dynamics of common scab infection patterns in potato were studied in order to provide more precise identification of tuber physiological factors associated with susceptibility. At the whole‐tuber level, infection percentages were greatest when Streptomyces scabiei inoculation occurred early; at 2 weeks after tuberization (WAT) 68% of tubers became infected, contrasting with late inoculation (8 WAT), when only 4% infection occurred. The first‐formed internodes were most susceptible to infection, whilst later‐forming and slower‐expanding internodes were less susceptible. Detailed tuber physiological examination of internode 2 showed that pathogen‐induced changes, including increased phellem (periderm) thickness, cell layers and phellem suberization (key physiological features believed critical to S. scabiei infection) were promoted through S. scabiei inoculation. Sequential harvesting showed enhanced phellem suberization (28% greater than the control) within 7 days of pathogen exposure, while phellem thickness and layer responses were also initiated early in the infection process (10–14 days after pathogen exposure) and these responses were independent of symptom expression. Differences in cultivar response were observed, with greater phellem suberization observed 10 days after tuberization (DAT) in the common‐scab‐tolerant cv. Russet Burbank than in the susceptible cv. Desiree. Likewise, Russet Burbank had thicker and more numerous cell layers in the phellem (up to eight cell layers) during early tuber growth (20–30 DAT) than Desiree (up to six cell layers).     

毛管逆滤渗污水净化反应器原理研究及室内试验验证

污水回用是解决城市缺水问题的一条有效途径。该文提出了一种新方法，尝试利用多孔介质毛细管作用过滤生活污水。制造了4个毛管逆滤渗污水净化器，采用普通河砂作为过滤介质进行了室内试验。试验采用两个因素：水势差、滤池内外径比。水势差选取4个水平：0.11、0.26、0.41、0.56 m，外层与内层水池直径比选取3个水平：14/6、12/6、10/6，以研究利用毛细管作用净化污水的可行性，并定量确定水势差及内外层水池的相对大小对该系统运行效果的影响。用反应器去除污水COD的多少来评价过滤效果。结果表明，过滤速度及净化效果与水势差之间呈极显著的对数相关关系，两者都随着水势差的增大而提高。当水势差为0.56 m时，COD的去除率可高达80%左右，过滤速度可以高达0.15 m/h。外层与内层水池的直径比(D/d)越大滤速越小,但该比值对COD的去除率无明显影响。该装置在运行过程中，污水被过滤介质所覆盖，有效地避免了污水的刺激性气味和蚊蝇孳生对周边环境的影响。     

土壤气相抽提作用机制探讨和基本数学模型建立

土壤气相抽提 (SVE)是全球石油污染土壤修复的迫切需求下应用的新兴原位技术 ,其理论相对滞后 ,有必要进行系统研究。SVE涉及多学科交叉 ,土壤体系中包含了物质在气—液 (水 )—液 (油 )—固等多相间各种复杂的迁移、转化和物理化学行为 ,本文根据多孔介质流体动力学理论和化工传递原理分析了气相抽提过程中污染物的迁移机制和多相传质关系 ,在近实际假设条件下提出了一套任意维数下SVE基本数学模型 ,严格导出了土壤体系中流体的运动方程、污染物质量方程和污染油的衰减方程等主要控制方程 ,研究结果可作为SVE理论分析和工程设计的基础。     

麻疯树地理种源对比试验初报

通过对14份不同地理种源麻疯树的对比种植试验,比较当年植株生长量及种子产量。结果表明：不同种源的植株生长量和种子产量存在较大的差异,YD、QY-01、Tc002、002、007地理种源营养生长量较大,其株高达到176～192 cm,地径达7.43～8.52 cm,植株冠幅面积达到190 cm×190 cm;而REP-7、REP-3、REP-2、YS078、BC001地理种源种子产量较高,每亩种子产量达到18.18～29.36 kg。试验为进一步品种选育提供了研究材料。     

不同商品有机肥在辣椒上的肥效试验

为了筛选出成本低、肥效高的商品有机肥,以辣椒为试验材料,进行了6个处理5种商品有机肥田间试验。试验表明,阿维豆粕有机肥、好阳光有机肥、万植1号对辣椒生长效果最好,产量最高,比对照分别增产17.73%、16.77%、15.24%,差异达到了极显著水平。但扣除有机肥成本后,菲菲有机肥、好阳光有机肥利润最高,比对照分别增加424.3元/667 m2、42.0元/667 m2,建议菲菲有机肥、好阳光有机肥在同等肥力条件下大面积推广使用。     

Traumatic communication of the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath and antebrachiocarpal joint in two horses

Two horses were examined due to lacerations at the level of the craniodistal antebrachii. Further evaluation of the lacerations revealed communication with the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath and potentially the antebrachiocarpal joint. Positive contrast arthrography performed via the palmarolateral pouch of the antebrachiocarpal joint was used to diagnose communication with the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath. Both the joints and tendon sheaths were treated aggressively with surgical debridement and lavage, followed by post operative medical management and rehabilitation. Both horses made a full recovery and are performing in their intended level of use with acceptable cosmetic results. Traumatic communication with the carpal joints should be considered when evaluating lacerations involving the forelimb extensor tendon sheaths.     

Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos cultured in chemically defined medium or modified synthetic oviduct fluid

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is considered to be a critical tool for propagating valuable animals. To determine the productivity calves resulting from embryos derived with different culture media, enucleated oocytes matured in vitro were reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts, fused, and activated. The cloned embryos were cultured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) or a chemically defined medium (CDM) and developmental competence was monitored. After 7 days of culturing, the blastocysts were transferred into the uterine horn of estrus-synchronized recipients. SCNT embryos that were cultured in mSOF or CDM developed to the blastocysts stages at similar rates (26.6% vs. 22.5%, respectively). A total of 67 preimplantational stage embryos were transferred into 34 recipients and six cloned calves were born by caesarean section, or assisted or natural delivery. Survival of transferred blastocysts to live cloned calves in the mSOF and the CDM was 18.5% (to recipients), 9.6% (to blastocysts) and 42.9% (to recipients), 20.0% (to blastocysts), respectively. DNA analysis showed that all cloned calves were genetically identical to the donor cells. These results demonstrate that SCNT embryos cultured in CDM showed higher viability as judged by survival of the calves that came to term compared to blastocysts derived from mSOF cultures.     

EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY BY INTRAOSSEOUS INJECTION OF CONTRAST MEDIA IN A RABBIT MODEL

There are many indications for an intravenous excretory urogram. However, where intravenous access is not available, the intraosseous route to the circulation may be an alternative. We found that safe and diagnostic excretory urograms could be obtained in rabbits following the injection of different contrast media via the intraosseous route. In fact, these excretory urograms were indistinguishable from ones obtained by the conventional intravenous route. While the rabbits did not develop any abnormal clinical signs following the procedure, there were postmortem histologic lesions of osteochondrosis in 5 of 22 (22.7%) tibias receiving an intraosseous needle, but in none of the 14 tibias that did not receive an intraosseous needle. Further, the use of diatrizoate was associated with the development of osteochondrosis while the use of iopamidol was not.