Endothelium-independent effects of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on vascular tension

The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulating effects of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on vascular tension, using in the in vitro model of isolated rat aorta. Our results indicated that both phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin significantly relaxed the sustained contraction induced by phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, endothelial removal had no significant influence on the vasorelaxation responses of the aortic rings toward these two compounds. Furthermore, both compounds inhibited the contraction of aortic muscle provoked by either PE (1 μM) or KCl (40 mM) as well as the spontaneous contraction of the Ca²⁺-depleted muscle. In high K⁺- Ca²⁺ free solution, phyllanthin (100 μM), but not hypophyllanthin, significantly inhibited the contractile responses upon cumulative addition of CaCl₂. Both compounds (100 μM) significantly inhibited PE-induced contraction in Ca²⁺-free condition, but could not affect caffeine-induced contraction. Taken together, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin could modulate the vascular tension via the endothelium-independent mechanisms. The modulating effects of both compounds were possibly involved with the blockade of Ca²⁺ entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibition of PE-mediated Ca²⁺ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

黏油空化流动研究现状与展望

黏油会使离心泵空化性能恶化,如何改进其空化性能是必须面对的问题,因此掌握黏油空化流动特性显得十分必要。总结了现有的黏油空化流动的研究成果,对液体表面张力、黏度和非凝结气体（空气）含量的影响进行了评论,对空化机理模型、空化计算模型和空化发生的判据进行了讨论,并就未来的研究内容进行了展望。结论表明,在翼型绕流或离心泵黏油空化流动试验方面还有许多工作可做,黏油空化流动计算模型尚有改进的余地。最大应力空化准则在黏油空化流动中的适用性亦有待考察。     

水温对低压微润管出流影响的试验研究

为探明微润管在空气中的出流情况,在室内进行了微润管空气出流试验研究。通过对水温和出流的测量分析,结果表明:微润管在空气中的出流随时间变化趋势和水温随时间变化趋势非常的一致,出流量和水温有着很好的线性拟合关系。1m水头下出流平均值137.23mL/h,流量误差限-35.54%~39.00%;2m水头下流量平均值为235.63mL/h,流量误差限-28.52%~21.46%。温度变化1℃时,流量的改变量,1m水压时为5.89mL,2m水压时为9.26mL,压力水头越大温度对其出流影响越大,该研究结果为微润灌溉技术在实践中的应用和系统参数设计提供基本依据。     

单索循环运材索道钢索拉力的研究

单索循环轻型运材索道的钢索在每一工艺循环中,要承受静力和规则运动与不规则运动动态力的周期性作用。这种周期性拉应力与交变弯应力共同作用、使钢索出现早期疲劳断丝。运动状态拉力较静力有较大增加,瞬时冲击峰值拉力较设计拉力增大31.2％,应把这种峰值拉力作为钢索强度计算的主要依据。     

盘式吸渗仪测定土壤导水率的两种新方法

应用盘式吸渗仪测定田间土壤导水率具有快速简单的优点，但是测定结果的计算处理比较繁琐，寻求简单的计算方法是广泛应用盘式吸渗仪的关键问题。该文改变盘式吸渗仪测定土壤导水率的三维入渗过程为一维入渗过程，简化了测定结果的计算处理。结果显示：两种不同的一维入渗过程达到的稳定入渗率和导水率之间有很好的线性关系，但是三维过程计算的导水率大于一维过程。双套盘吸渗仪一维过程计算导水率与稳定入渗率一致性较好，但是和三维稳态、瞬态方法计算结果之间差异明显，因此在应用这些方法时需要适当调整参数，建议使用双套盘吸渗仪快速测定田间土壤导水率。     

Analysis of the Effects of Speed and Tension in Aluminum Foil Rolling and Their Modeling

Though speed effect and tension effect are keys to controlling thickness in producing aluminum foil, sort of their mathematical models, which will be widely used, can't be obtained theoretically at present. Based on the study of aluminum foil rolling in some factory, speed effect and tension effect of some 1850 aluminum foil mill are analyzed, and mathematical models which are about the relation between the exit thickness of aluminum foil and the speed change and the tension change, are developed according to the attained trial data. Those models are used to optimize the process of this mill.     

非饱和水分运动参数空间变异的研究

田块尺度土壤特性的空间变异性对水分与溶质运移具有明显的影响。该研究在野外30m×30m面积、土壤类型为砂壤土的田块的100个空间点上,分别利用张力计和取土样室内测定的方法测定了30cm土层深处土壤水张力、土壤容重ρ、饱和含水率θ_s,与初始含水率θ_i,同时利用圭尔夫仪,测定了该田块同样深度108个空间点上的饱和水力传导度K_s与孔隙大小分布参数α。利用经典统计分析与地质统计分析方法分析上述参数的空间变异特征,研究结果表明:ρ,θ_i,θ_s,K_s和容水度C遵从正态分布,而α具有对数正态分布;K_s,α和C具有较大的空间变异性,而ρ和θ_s的空间变异性则较小;K_s和logα是空间统计相关的;土壤水张力的空间变异具有时不变特征,且土壤水张力方差是其均值的二次函数     

烷基糖苷的制备和表面性能

对烷基糖苷合成中的催化剂进行了优选，研究了反应物配比对产品泡沫性能的影响，测试了烷基糖苷的表面张力和泡沫性能，测试结果表明，烷基糖苷的表面张力代，泡沫丰富稳定，是一类新型的，性能优良的非离子表面活性剂。     

The effect of the inspired oxygen fraction on arterial blood oxygenation in spontaneously breathing,isoflurane anaesthetized horses: a retrospective study

ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of two inspired oxygen fractions (FIO₂) on the arterial oxygenation in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane.Study DesignRetrospective, case-control clinical study.AnimalsTwo hundred equine patients undergoing non-abdominal surgery (ASA class 1–2), using a standardized anaesthetic protocol and selected from anaesthetic records of a period of three years, based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.MethodsIn group O (n = 100), medical oxygen acted as carrier gas, while in group M (n = 100), a medical mixture of oxygen and air (FIO₂ 0.60) was used. Demographic data, FIO₂, arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) and routinely monitored physiologic data were recorded. The alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference [P(A-a)O₂] and PaO₂/FIO₂ ratio were calculated. The area under the curve, standardized to the anaesthetic duration, was calculated and statistically compared between groups using t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests as appropriate. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square tests.ResultsNo significant differences in age, body weight, sex, breed, surgical procedure, position, anaesthetic duration or arterial carbon dioxide tension were found. Mean FIO₂ was 0.78 in group O and 0.60 in group M. Compared to group O, significantly lower values for PaO₂ and for P(A-a)O₂ were found in group M. In contrast, the PaO₂/FIO₂ ratio and the percentage of horses with a PaO₂ <100 mmHg (13.33 kPa) were comparable in both groups.ConclusionsAlthough a reduction of the inspired oxygen fraction resulted in a lower PaO₂, the P(A-a)O₂ was also lower and the number of horses with PaO₂ values <100 mmHg was comparable.Clinical relevanceIn healthy isoflurane anaesthetized horses, the use of a mixture of oxygen and air as carrier gas seems acceptable, but further, prospective studies are needed to confirm whether it results in a lower degree of ventilation/perfusion mismatching.