Congenital hypoplasia of the dorsal colon in a Quarter Horse filly with chronic,intermittent colic

Congenital colonic anomalies are rare in the horse and, to the authors' knowledge, no cases have been reported that include measurements of each segment of the large colon to confirm which section is abnormal. This case report describes chronic, intermittent colic in a Quarter Horse filly that had been attributed to chronic idiopathic hepatitis prior to an exploratory laparotomy. A colonic anomaly discovered at surgery became the primary differential for aetiology of the intermittent colic. Euthanasia of the filly and necropsy allowed further examination of the anomaly, where it was determined that the dorsal colon was short compared to the ventral large colon. In addition, the diagnosis of chronic idiopathic hepatitis was confirmed.     

Preliminary Study on a Novel Atypical Congenital Tremor of Piglets and Its Etiology

To investigate the infection of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) in China, autopsywas carried out for clinical suspected piglet of congenital tremor, viscera pathologic changes were observed. Two pairs of primersfor detection of the NS2-3 and NS5B genes by RT-PCR were designed according to the genome of APPV. The positive product was sequenced using DNAStar and Mega 7.0 softwares,and drawing the molecular evolution trees. The results showed that the lesions were similar to classical swine fever, but without infarction of the spleen and peripheral hemorrhage of the mandibular lymph node.Epidemic materials amplified products were consistent with the expected size, the sequences were APPV fragments by BLAST. APPV and other pestivirus belonged to two branch with the homologies about 70%. The homologies of NS2-3 and NS5B genes among the isolates and the APPV reference strains were about 76.9% to 98.8%, and the homologies of NS2-3 gene of 7 isolates were 89.7% to 94.8%,the homologies of NS5B gene of 12 isolates were 82.2% to 100.0%. This was the first report for the infection of APPV in piglets in China.     

一种新型仔猪先天性震颤及其病原的初步研究

为了解国内猪群是否存在新型仔猪先天性震颤及其病原,本试验对临床疑似仔猪先天性震颤病例进行剖检,观察组织脏器的病理变化;根据GenBank上登录的瘟病毒基因组序列设计2对引物,以典型震颤仔猪的病料RNA为模板,进行RT-PCR,并对阳性产物进行测序;用DNAStar和Mega 7.0软件对所测序列进行分析,绘制系统进化树。结果表明,疑似仔猪先天性震颤病猪的组织脏器病理变化与猪瘟的病理变化相似,但无明显的脾脏梗死和淋巴结周边出血;从采集的病料中均扩增到与预期大小基本一致的条带;所测序列经BLAST比对,均为仔猪先天性震颤瘟病毒（APPV）的相应基因序列片段;系统进化树结果显示,哺乳动物瘟病毒可分为两大进化分支,APPV为单独一分支,其他瘟病毒为另一分支,两分支的同源性低于70%;所测的NS2-3和NS5B基因序列与GenBank上登录的APPV相应序列同源性在76.9%~98.8%之间,表明本研究所测定的序列是APPV的基因组序列;测定的7条NS2-3基因序列之间的同源性在89.7%~94.8%之间,12条NS5B基因序列的同源性在82.2%~100.0%之间。本试验首次证实国内猪群中存在新型仔猪先天性震颤病及其病原（APPV）。     

非典型猪瘟病毒SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

参照GenBank上登录的非典型猪瘟病毒(atypical porcine pestivirus virus,APPV)全基因组序列设计特异性引物成功从感染APPV阳性样品中扩增出270 bp的APPV基因片段,并将其克隆到pEASY-Bluent Zero Cloning Kit载体,以纯化的重组质粒为模板优化反应条件,建立了检测APPV的特异性荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示,建立的荧光定量PCR方法C_t值与标准品在1.49×10~1～1.49×10¹⁰ copies/μL呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为R^20.999,斜率为-3.442,扩增效率为95.207%。该方法与PCV2、PRV、PRRSV、PPV及CSFV基因组均无交叉反应,敏感性比常规PCR高出1 000倍,组内和组间重复试验变异系数均小于2%。对临床采集的20份疑似感染APPV的样品进行检测,结果显示应用所建立的荧光定量PCR成功检测到3份APPV阳性样品,而常规PCR仅检测到1份,表明所建立的荧光定量PCR比常规PCR灵敏度更高。本试验所建立的APPV SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,可实现对APPV早期诊断及感染进行定量分析检测。     

14例迟发症状儿童先天性膈疝误诊误治分析

目的进一步提高迟发症状儿童先天性膈疝的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性分析我科收治的16例迟发症状儿童先天性膈疝的临床资料,并对其中14例误诊的原因进行分析。结果本组16中14例转入我科前误诊误治,其中误诊为急性胃肠炎7例,小儿肺炎3例,先天性膈膨出、先天性肺囊肿、急性脓气胸和气胸各1例,误诊率高达87.5%。14例经X线检查、钡剂或碘油造影、CT、超声检查确诊;15例治愈,1例死亡(死于呼吸衰竭)。结论迟发症状儿童先天性膈疝由于症状迟发且不典型,容易误诊误治。提高对迟发症状儿童先天性膈疝的认识,对疑似病例进行特殊性检查且追踪观察是可望确诊的。     

DIAGNOSIS OF COMMON CONGENITAL HEART ANOMALIES IN THE DOG USING SURVEY AND NONSELECTIVE CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY

The most common canine congenital heart anomalies include patient ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonic stenosis, and aortic stenosis. Survey radiography and nonselective (venous) angiography can allow the practicing veterinarian to confirm the diagnosis in many of these patients. Typical radiographic findings using these diagnostic procedures are reviewed. Nonselective angiocardiography is a relatively easy, rapid, and noninvasive procedure which can be performed using conventional equipment. The major disadvantage of this special procedure is that the superimposition of opacified structures can make the identification of some left-to-right shunts difficult. Dilution of contrast medium can occur if a rapid bolus injection is not made.     

Afibrinogenemia and a circulating antibody against fibrinogen in a Bichon Frise dog

A 1.5-year-old female Bichon Frise dog was evaluated for a life-threatening hemorrhagic condition that occurred after ovariohysterectomy, requiring 4 whole-blood transfusions. A hemostatic profile, including activated clotting time (ACT), one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), buccal mucosal bleeding time, and specific assays (heat-precipitation microhematocrit method and electroimmunoassay) for fibrinogen, were performed to investigate the coagulopathy. Clotting times for all tests having a fibrin clot endpoint (ACT, OSPT, APTT) and buccal mucosal bleeding time were prolonged. Plasma fibrinogen was not detected by heat-precipitation microhematocrit method or electroimmunoassay. Using the Ellis-Stransky method, a mixture of patient plasma and normal canine plasma with known fibrinogen content yielded substantially less than the calculated fibrinogen concentration, indicating the presence of an interfering substance. The interferent properties of the patient's plasma were retained following heat precipitation at 56 degrees C indicating the absence of a pyroglobulin or an abnormal fibrinogen molecule. Radial immunodiffusion assay using the patient's plasma and activated thrombin confirmed the existence of an inhibitor to the formation of fibrin. Western blot analysis using the patient's plasma identified an IgG antibody that reacted with the Beta- and gamma- but not the Alpha-subunits of canine fibrinogen. Antibody was detected in samples taken 8, 16, and 68 days after the surgery; peak titers were evident at day 16. These results supported a diagnosis of afibrinogenemia with a circulating antibody inhibitor to fibrin clot formation that developed secondary to blood transfusion.     

A rare autosomal recessive condition,congenital erythropoietic porphyria,found in the canefield rat Rattus sordidus Gould 1858

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is a rare autosomal recessive condition that has been reported in humans and in some animals, in which uroporphyrin 1 is deposited in the bones, teeth and urine, resulting in pink coloration and fluorescence of the tissues and urine under long‐wave ultraviolet (UV) light. We observed red teeth in nine of 450 canefield rats (Rattus sordidus) captured in a small, isolated patch of sugarcane in Tully, north Queensland, Australia. The skeletons of these animals were excised and were found to be bright red under normal day light. Under UV light, the skeleton had a bright red fluorescence. It is plausible that the canefield rat population in this isolated patch of sugarcane is small and inbreeding might have occurred, resulting in incidences of the autosomal recessive genes that cause CEP. The canefield rat can be used as an animal model for research into porphyria.     

Recurrent colics in a 9‐year‐old Arabian stallion due to several congenital anomalies

A 9‐year‐old Arabian stallion was presented for evaluation of recurrent colic problems of 2 years' duration. These colic episodes were associated with a right sided abdominal distension. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a colonic diverticulum that was resected en bloc. Two days later, following signs of acute colic, a second laparotomy showed incarceration of the distal jejunum into a mesodiverticular band combined with haemorrhage of a mesenteric arterial branch. In addition, an abnormally short jejunum (10 m) was also observed. An end‐to‐end jejunojejunostomy was performed. Following surgery the horse developed septic peritonitis, ptyalism and became dysphagic. Ten days after the second surgery, an infected oesophageal diverticulum causing regional inflammation was diagnosed endoscopically and euthanasia was performed. Post mortem examination showed a 40 cm long diverticulum lateral to the oesophagus. Histology suggested a congenital nature of the colonic and oesophageal diverticuli.