浅谈财务预测的概念和作用

本文阐述了财务预测的概念和作用,针对财务预测的局限性,提出根据预测结果对经营活动进行调整,使其更为准确,使企业提高经济效率。     

不同药物治疗奶牛排卵障碍的疗效观察与研究

选用不同药物对38例患排卵障碍的患牛进行治疗并运用RAA法测定血清中的孕酮．结果表明：使用氯前列烯醇的排卵率为70％，二个情期受胎率为90％；使用HCG的排卵率为26．67％，二个情期受胎率为60％；生理盐水的排卵率为33．33％。使用上述药物患牛血清孕酮呈现下降趋势．与临床征象表现一致。     

园林景观照明设计研究

通过分析灯光设计对园林环境的影响,提出园林景观照明设计的技巧及各景点的设计要点,以期为日后进行园林灯光环境的规划设计提供参考。     

Influence of category-heifers,primiparous and multiparous lactating cows-in a large-scale resynchronization fixed-time artificial insemination program

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of category (heifers, primiparous or multiparous cows) on pregnancy rates in a large scale resynchronization ovulation program. Nelore heifers (n = 903), primiparous lactating cows (n = 338) and multiparous lactating cows (n = 1,223) were synchronized using a conventional protocol of estradiol/P4-based fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Thirty days after ultrasonography, females who failed the first FTAI were resynchronized with the same hormonal protocol prior to a second FTAI. The pregnancy status of each cohort was evaluated by ultrasonography 30 days after each FTAI. The average conception rate after the first FTAI and resynchronization was 80.5%. Heifers had a higher conception rate (85%) than primiparous (76%) or multiparous cows (78%; p = 0.0001). The conception rate after the first FTAI was similar among heifers (57%), primiparous cows (51%) and multiparous cows (56%; p = 0.193). After the second FTAI, heifers exhibited a higher conception rate (66%) than primiparous or multiparous cows (51%; p = 0.0001). These results demonstrate the feasibility of resynchronization in large beef herds for providing consistent pregnancy rates in a short period of time. We also demonstrated that ovulation resynchronization 30 days after FTAI is particularly effective for heifers, providing a conception rate of up to 66%.     

山羊精液冷冻保存与应用技术的研究

1985-1987年对江苏白山羊精液颗粒冷冻保存技术与应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明:稀释液中甘油最终浓度以1.5％最好,始冻温度-145℃为佳,40-41℃解冻温度好,冻精颗粒0.1±0.01ml加 0.4ml解冻液解冻,输精剂量 0.5ml,每情期输精2次,一次情期受胎率达74.1％,与自然配种相比,受胎率无明显差异,而窝平产羔数比自然配种多0.33只.     

图像时代下乡村旅游摄影透视

目前我国乡村旅游正处在快速发展时期,各地涌现了一大批具有鲜明乡土特色和时代特点的乡村旅游地和乡村旅游区。从旅游摄影的角度对乡村旅游进行了探讨。初步分析了摄影与乡村旅游的关系;摄影的乡村旅游景观类别;乡村旅游摄影的功能;乡村旅游摄影与乡村景观意境。并分析了以图文结合的形式展现观察与思考成果的重要性。同时从乡村旅游摄影的角度对乡村旅游开发与规划提出一些建议。     

以科学发展观引领社会主义新农村建设

本文分析了建设社会主义新农村的历史必然性,阐述了建设社会主义新农村的伟大历史意义,剖析了社会主义新农村建设的战略方针及其内在联系,并在科学发展观的指导下,指出了“坚持以经济建设为中心和综合改革,全面推进社会主义新农村建设”的必要性和迫 切性以及农村改革和体制创新的若干关键领域。     

The effect of individual liveweight and use of teaser rams prior to mating on the reproductive performance of ewe hoggets

AIM: To determine the effects of liveweight (LW) and use of teaser rams prior to mating on both the mating performance and pregnancy rate of ewe hoggets.

METHODS: Romney hoggets (n=841) were weighed and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups; either exposed to seven harnessed, vasectomised (teaser) rams for 17 days prior to the breeding period (n=283); or not exposed to teaser rams (unteased, n=558). Harnessed Perendale rams were then introduced for two oestrous cycles. Using crayon marks, hoggets were identified as having been mated during the first 17 days only, during the second 17 days only, during both periods, or not mated. All mated hoggets were then scanned for pregnancy using ultrasound, 48 days after the end of the breeding period, and identified as being either non-pregnant, or as single-, twinor triplet-bearing.

RESULTS: Hoggets mated in either the first 17 days only or in both the first and second 17-day periods were heavier than those mated in the second period only (p<0.001). Those mated in the first or second 17-day period only, and those mated in both periods were all heavier prior to mating than those not mated at all (p<0.001). Twin-bearing hoggets were heavier than both their single-bearing and non-pregnant counterparts (p<0.001). A greater proportion of the teased hoggets were mated in the first 17 days only compared with unteased hoggets (62.6 vs 32.1%; p<0.001). In contrast, more of the unteased hoggets were marked in the second 17-day period only (p<0.001). A greater proportion of mated, unteased hoggets were found to be non-pregnant in comparison to their teased counterparts (17.8 vs 11.2%; p=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: Heavier hoggets at breeding were more likely to be mated in the first 17 days of the breeding period and more likely to be twin-bearing. Use of teaser rams for 17 days prior to the breeding period increased the proportion of hoggets mated in the first 17 days, increased conception rates, and thus increased the proportion of pregnant hoggets. These results indicate that farmers should utilise teasers for 17 days prior to commencement of the breeding period and avoid mating hoggets that weigh below 36 kg.     

Mycobacteria in pond waters as a source of non-specific reactions to bovine tuberculin in New Zealand

When 71 samples were collected from ponds throughout New Zealand, 35 (49.3%) were found to contain mycobacteria. The majority of these strains (62.9%) belonged to a homogeneous group (tentative designation “H-Group”), which differed from any known mycobacterial species. Mycobacteria of this “H-Group” had also been found in sphagnum vegetation growing in the immediate vicinity of many of the ponds. “H-Group” mycobacteria induce sensitization in guinea pigs against bovine tuberculin. The PPD sensitin prepared from these mycobacteria gave rise to larger reactions in guinea pigs than did bovine tuberculin when used in the same concentrations (500 and 50 TU). The possible sensitization of cattle to bovine tuberculin via drinking water containing “H-Group” mycobacteria, is discussed. The larger size of the delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs using the same concentrations of bovine and homologous tuberculin, suggests that comparative intradermal testing might enable this non-specific reaction to be distinguished from the specific reaction developed during bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle.     

The effect of the maturity and prior breeding activity of rams and body condition score of ewe hoggets on the reproductive performance of ewe hoggets

Abstract

AIM: To determine the effect of age and prior use of mature rams at a given ram-to-ewe ratio, and the effect of body condition on breeding performance and pregnancy rate of ewe hoggets.

METHODS: Ewe hoggets (n=733) aged 7–8 months were weighed and their body condition scored, then randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (Day 0) and joined with either four two-tooth rams (20 months of age) not used previously (n=244; Two-tooth), four mixed-aged mature rams that had not been used earlier in the season (n=244; Mature-fresh), or four mixed-aged mature rams that had been used with mature ewes immediately prior to joining with hoggets (n=245; Mature-used). The breeding period was 34 days. Ewe hoggets were identified as having been marked during the first 17 days only, during both 17-day periods, during the second 17 days only, or not marked. Hoggets were re-weighed on Day 34, and pregnancy status determined using ultrasound on Day 92. The breeding soundness of the rams was assessed on Days ?34 and ?1.

RESULTS: Semen samples obtained from the rams did not differ significantly in any of the parameters measured (p>0.05). Ewe hoggets joined with Mature-fresh rams were less likely (p<0.05) to be marked in the second 17 days of breeding only than those joined with either Two-tooth or Mature-used rams. No other breeding parameters were affected by breeding group (p>0.05). Hoggets marked in the first 17 days only were heavier (p<0.05) at Day 0 than those marked in the second 17 days only or not marked. Hoggets diagnosed as twin-bearing were heavier (p<0.05) than non-pregnant or single-bearing hoggets. Those hoggets marked in the first 17 days only had a greater (p<0.05) body condition score (BCS) than those marked in the second 17 days only or not marked at all. These differences were no longer apparent after correction for liveweight (LW).Correction for LW at Day 0 or change in LW during the breeding period did not affect the results for breeding performance.

CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, two-tooth rams and mature rams that had been used previously were just as suitable as mature rams that had not been used previously for breeding with ewe hoggets. Further studies are warranted to verify this result. The re-use of rams without reducing breeding performance would reduce breeding costs and may make breeding hoggets a more viable option for farmers. The BCS of ewe hoggets affected breeding performance, and can thus be used to identify those animals most suitable for breeding.