Comparative lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

This review summarizes a number of recent reports in several areas of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Absorption of dietary lipids, cholesterol synthesis, and biliary cholesterol metabolism are mentioned only briefly to be complete. Comparative aspects of lipoprotein metabolism, however, are detailed in an effort to integrate the myriad metabolic events which characterize these important lipid transport particles. Where comparative information is known, those aspects of lipoprotein metabolism that may be protective against atherogenesis in certain mammalian species are also described. Efforts to understand atherogenic resistance comparatively in animals lends a better understanding of the metabolic events leading to coronary artery disease in humans. They also provide an important basis for understanding lipid metabolism in numerous veterinary species.     

Genomics‐informed design of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification for detection of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni at the intraspecific level

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive detection assay for the quarantine pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, causal agent of stone fruit bacterial spot, an economically important disease of Prunus spp. Unique targets were identified from X. arboricola pv. pruni genomes using a comparative genomics pipeline of other Xanthomonas species, subspecies and pathovars, and used to identify specific diagnostic markers. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was then applied to these markers to provide rapid, sensitive and specific detection. The method developed showed unrivalled specificity with the 79 tested strains and, in contrast to previously established techniques, distinguished between phylogenetically close subspecies such as X. arboricola pv. corylina. The sensitivity of this test is comparable to that of a previously reported TaqMan^? assay at 10³ CFU mL^?1, while the unrivalled speed of LAMP technology enables a positive result to be obtained in <15 min. The developed assay can be used with real‐time fluorescent detectors for quantitative results as well as with DNA‐staining dyes to function as a simplified strategy for on‐site pathogen detection.     

表型组学在水稻研究中的应用

水稻作为重要粮食作物,其重要农艺性状的功能基因组研究是植物生物学研究的热点。植物基因型、表型和环境三者构成了遗传学研究的铁三角。随着高通量测序技术的快速发展,基因型的研究更加简单快速。然而表型研究严重滞后于基因型研究。目前传统的表型信息的获取存在所需劳动量巨大、成本高,所获取表型数据受人工主观因素影响大等诸多难题。高通量表型组学可无损、高通量、精准获取表型信息,对解决以上难题具有关键作用。本文对表型组学在水稻中的研究应用情况进行整理,为今后水稻基因组学和表型组学等多学科相结合的现代研究手段提供理论支撑。     

马立克氏病双价苗的研究Ⅲ.双价苗与单价苗免疫效应的比较病理学研究

选用SPF种蛋孵化的京白鸡60只,随机分为三组,即马立克氏病单价苗组(2000PFU HVT)、双价苗组(2000 PFU HVT 1200 PFU SB—1)以及攻毒对照组.应用组织学和透射电镜等手段对两种疫苗的免疫保护效应进行了比较病理学研究.结果证明,双价苗免疫鸡,MD发病数显著减少,发病时间推迟,病变程度明显减轻,法氏囊有大量具有分泌活性的浆细胞;单价苗免疫鸡发病数较对照组略有减少,但对延缓或减轻MD肿瘤的发生无明显作用,在法氏囊网状细胞胞浆中、核碎片附近和细胞间隙中存在大量无囊膜的马立克氏病病毒粒子,残存的细胞发生变性、坏死.由此认为,双价苗对实验性鸡马立克氏病的免疫效果明显优于HVT单价苗.     

Nasal tumor in a fallow deer (Dama dama L). A case report

A nasal, so called ethmoidal, tumor from a fallow deer is described. It appears to be the first reported case of that species. The etiology is discussed.     

保安处分与劳动教养制度的比较研究

劳动教养制度是一项具有中国特色的法律制度，它既有创新之处，又与世界上己经存在并且通行的保安处分有相似之处，本文对二者进行分析对比，以期对完善我国劳动教养制度有所裨益。     

Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi and V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics

To facilitate transfer of bruchid resistance to azuki bean (Vigna angularis) from its relatives an interspecific mapping population was made between rice bean, V. umbellata, and the related wild species V. nakashimae. The V. umbellata parent is completely resistant and V. nakashimae is completely susceptible to the bruchid beetle pests, azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) and cowpea weevil (C. maculatus). There is very low cross compatibility between V. umbellata and azuki bean. Therefore, V. nakashimae, that crosses with both V. umbellata and V. angularis without the need for embryo rescue, is used as a bridging species. A genetic linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F₂ mapping population between V. umbellata and V. nakashimae consisting of 74 plants. A total of 175 DNA marker loci (74 RFLPs and 101 SSRs) were mapped on to 11 linkage groups spanning a total length of 652 cM. Segregation distortion was observed but only three markers were not linked to any linkage group due to severe segregation distortion. This interspecific genome map was compared with the genome map of azuki bean. Of 121 common markers on the two maps, 114 (94.2%) were located on the same linkage groups in both maps. The marker order was highly conserved between the two genome maps. Fifty F₂ plants that produced sufficient seeds were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and locating gene(s) for C. chinensis and C. maculatus resistance in V. umbellata. The resistance reaction of these F₂ plants differed between C. chinensis and C. maculatus. Both resistances were quantitatively inherited with no F₂ plants completely susceptible to C. chinensis or C. maculatus. One putative QTL for resistance to each of these bruchid species was located on different linkage groups. Other putative QTLs associated with resistance to both C. chinensis and C. maculatus were localized on the same linkage group 1. Linked markers associated with the bruchid‐resistant QTL will facilitate their transfer to azuki bean breeding lines.     

Conservation of marker synteny during evolution

Summary An aspect of cereal science that is becoming increasingly important is comparative genetics. Establishment of the relationship between genomes within polyploids, between species within tribes and between species within families will allow not only the integration of genetic maps but also the knowledge acquired of each of the species. Using a set of homoeologous probes, workers found the relationship between the three wheat genomes to be precisely collinear, after taking a few major translocation events into account. Transfer of the wheat map to rye led to the elucidation of similar relationships between the three wheat genomes and that of rye. Genome collinearity, however, extends even beyond tribes. In a comparison of the genomes of wheat, rice and maize, it was shown that despite the separation of these genomes for possibly 50 million years, gene order was still highly conserved. This collinearity between genomes can be exploited in a number of ways.     

Wide mapping of a T-DNA insertion site in oilseed rape using bulk segregant analysis and comparative mapping

Doubled haploid oilseed rape lines segregating for a transgene inducing herbicide resistance (bar gene) were investigated for the wide mapping of the T-DNA insertion site. Bulk segregant analysis using presence/absence and intensity polymorphisms between the bulks, as well as comparative mapping with a linkage group deriving from another cross, led to the identification of 11 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers tightly or loosely linked to the bar gene. Ten RAPD loci out of 11 were located on the same side of the bar locus, strongly suggesting that the T-DNA integrated in a telomeric or subtelomeric position. The eleventh RAPD marker exhibited a strong segregation distortion, which could be the result of a heteroduplex formation. Comparison of the linkage groups obtained from the two crosses showed different recombination rates between markers, possibly reflecting differences in parental genetic backgrounds. Consequences and potential applications in transgene dispersal safety assessment studies are discussed.