营养素对水生经济动物免疫机能的影响

优质饲料中的营养素不仅可满足水生经济动物的营养需求,还对其特异性和非特异性免疫反应起到非常重要的作用。本文综述了饲料中各种营养素对水生经济动物免疫系统的作用,详细阐述了维生素、多糖、矿物质、脂类和蛋白质对水生经济动物免疫功能的影响。     

畜禽黑色素及其候选基因研究进展

黑色素对畜禽乌骨及体色的形成起重要的作用,通过近年来在人和鼠上的试验结果表明,与黑色素相关的基因有很多,作者对一些影响畜禽黑色素的主要基因及其研究现状进行了归纳。     

纳豆菌制剂在动物养殖中的应用

纳豆菌是生产微生态制剂的理想菌株之一,现已作为绿色饲料添加剂广泛应用于饲料。本文主要就近年来纳豆菌制剂在动物养殖中的研究与应用成果作一概述,以期为畜牧生产提供参考。     

海西州天然草地产草量地面监测报告

通过对草地产草量的调查和测定,海西州天然草地产草量2005年、2006年基本属于正常年范畴。经草畜平衡分析,2006年全州草地理论载畜量为265.45万羊单位,草地现有载畜量为280.162万羊单位,超载14.71万羊单位。     

The rate of Salmonella spp. infection in zoo animals at Seoul Grand Park, Korea

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects both people and animals. The incidence of reptile-associated salmonellosis has increased in Western countries due to the increasing popularity of reptiles as pets. In Korea, where reptiles are not popular as pets, many zoos offer programs in which people have contact with animals, including reptiles. So, we determined the rate of Salmonella spp. infection in animals by taking anal swabs from 294 animals at Seoul Grand Park. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 14 of 46 reptiles (30.4%), 1 of 15 birds (6.7%) and 2 of 233 mammals (0.9%). These findings indicate that vigilance is required for determining the presence of zoonotic pathogen infections in zoo animals and contamination of animal facilities to prevent human infection with zoonotic diseases from zoo facilities and animal exhibitions. In addition, prevention of human infection requires proper education about personal hygiene.     

Angiofibroma of the nasal cavity in 13 dogs

This case series describes a rare entity, nasal angiofibroma, in 13 dogs that were presented to the University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine from 1988 to 2000. All dogs in this case series presented with clinical signs and radiographic changes that were strongly suggestive of a locally invasive neoplasm. However, histopathology completed on transnostral core biopsy samples revealed benign appearing vascular proliferation with secondary lymphosuppurative inflammation was established despite cytologic criteria of malignancy present in five dogs. On the basis of the outcomes in this case series, nasal angiofibroma should be considered a differential for dogs presenting with clinical signs consistent with a malignant nasal tumour.     

Genetic parameters for resistance against Flavobacterium columnare in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Columnaris disease is a major cause of mortality in tilapia hatcheries and commonly occurs during the summer season in Thailand. One way of reducing the problem is by selective breeding for increased disease resistance. The objective of this study was to estimate quantitative genetic parameters for resistance against columnaris in the Chitralada 4 strain of Nile tilapia. Data from 43 full‐sib families (2,580 records) of fry (age = 32 ± 4 days post‐hatch) were used in the analyses. Initially, fry were subjected to bath challenge with Flavobacterium columnare (LD₅₀ concentration = 1.2 × 10⁶ CFU/ml) for 14 days. Disease resistance was defined as the number of days from challenge until death (DD) or as a binary trait (dead/alive) on day 14. Linear animal and sire‐dam models were used for DD, while threshold animal, threshold sire‐dam, binary linear animal and binary linear sire‐dam models were used for binary outcomes. Covariate effect of age, fixed effect of challenge day and random effects of the individual animals or sires and dams were included in the models. Mean survival was 32.4 ± 11.6%, and survival rates of the best and poorest families were 70% and 8%, respectively. The highest estimate of heritability (0.30 ± 0.025) was obtained under the threshold sire‐dam model. Heritability estimates for DD (0.16 ± 0.034 and 0.17 ± 0.046) were comparable to those obtained from the threshold animal (0.15 ± 0.031) and the binary linear (0.14 ± 0.045 and 0.15 ± 0.044) models. The linear animal and sire‐dam models for DD and the threshold sire‐dam models performed equally with similar values of r_EBV (0.629, 0.628 and 0.627) and accuracy of selection (0.793, 0.793 and 0.791). This study reveals the potential of selective breeding to increase disease resistance to F. columnare in the studied population of Nile tilapia.     

双歧杆菌的生物学作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用

主要结合国内外近年来的相关研究,对双歧杆菌的生物学特性、功效及其在畜牧生产中的应用现状进行了介绍,从而为其在畜牧生产中的进一步应用提供理论依据及参考。     

赣中红壤丘陵区土地利用型畜牧业结构优化配置研究

以千烟洲为例剖析了赣中红壤丘陵区土地利用结构和畜牧业发展中存在的问题。在此基础上 ,以区内畜禽养殖业最大经济效益为目标 ,在土地面积、社会需求、畜力、饲料量的约束下 ,进行了基于土地利用的畜牧业结构优化配置。得出的优化方案对发展当地土地利用型畜牧业具有一定的指导意义     

嗜热毛壳菌纤维素酶对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响

本试验研究不同水平嗜热毛壳菌纤维素酶对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响。试验动物为4只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年小尾寒羊公羊(平均体重为45 kg),采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,在基础日粮中分别添加0％、0．3％、0．6％和0．9％4个水平酶制剂,采集瘤胃液测pH值、氨氮浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。试验结果表明:各组试羊瘤胃液平均氨氮浓度的变化范围为10．01-12．80 mg/dL,各组之间相同时间点差异不显著(P>0．05)。瘤胃液平均pH值在6．50-6．80范围内变动,试验组pH值低于对照组(P<0．05),以0．6％水平较好。各组试羊瘤胃乙酸、丙酸及总 VFA浓度的变化规律基本相同,即喂料后逐渐上升,其中乙酸和总VFA浓度在2 h后达到最高点,丙酸浓度在4 h 达到最高点,随后平稳下降于饲喂前降至最低点,再次采食后又重复出现此规律。试验组瘤胃乙酸和总VFA浓度显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0．05或P<0．01),以0．6％水平组最高。