气相质谱法检测动物源性食品中三聚氰胺的残留

为了检测动物源性食品中三聚氰胺的残留,建立气相质谱(GC/MS)方法,并对样品包括鲜乳、鸡蛋、鸡肉和猪肉进行三聚氰胺的残留检测.结果显示,建立的GC/MS方法在线性范围内,回收率高、精密度好,达到国家最低检测限的要求.     

Nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection among wildlife in Japan

In Japan, hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, including game meat. In the present study, nationwide surveillance of HEV infection among a total of 5,557 wild animals, including 15 species, was conducted in Japan. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in wild boar was 12.4%, with higher positive rates in big boars (over 50 kg, 18.4%) than in small individuals (less than 30 kg, 5.3%). Furthermore, HEV RNA was more frequently detected in piglets than in older boars. Interestingly, the detection of HEV among wildlife by ELISA and RT-PCR suggested that HEV infection in Sika deer was a very rare event, and that there was no HEV infection among wild animals except for wild boar, Sika deer and Japanese monkeys. In conclusion, wild boar, especially piglets, are at high risk of HEV infection, while other wild animals showed less risk or no risk of HEV transmission.     

鹿、貂、狐、貉养殖业应纳入畜牧业范畴

针对近年来养殖界在鹿、貂、狐、貉等特种经济动物的管理体制和执法上产生的争议,较系统地阐述了野生动物和家畜(禽)的区别,野生动物驯养繁殖与养殖业的关系等有关学术概念,并对生产技术成熟,已形成各自独立产业的鹿、狐、貂等特种经济动物在管理体制上存在的问题,提出了按照《畜牧法》和相关畜牧兽医法律法规进行管理的合理化建议。     

微量元素硒在动物生产中的应用研究

硒是动物生产中必需的微量元素之一。该文综述了硒的存在形式、机体内的代谢过程以及硒在动物生产中的应用,为其今后的研究应用提供参考。     

嗜热毛壳菌纤维素酶对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响

本试验研究不同水平嗜热毛壳菌纤维素酶对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响。试验动物为4只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年小尾寒羊公羊(平均体重为45 kg),采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,在基础日粮中分别添加0％、0．3％、0．6％和0．9％4个水平酶制剂,采集瘤胃液测pH值、氨氮浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。试验结果表明:各组试羊瘤胃液平均氨氮浓度的变化范围为10．01-12．80 mg/dL,各组之间相同时间点差异不显著(P>0．05)。瘤胃液平均pH值在6．50-6．80范围内变动,试验组pH值低于对照组(P<0．05),以0．6％水平较好。各组试羊瘤胃乙酸、丙酸及总 VFA浓度的变化规律基本相同,即喂料后逐渐上升,其中乙酸和总VFA浓度在2 h后达到最高点,丙酸浓度在4 h 达到最高点,随后平稳下降于饲喂前降至最低点,再次采食后又重复出现此规律。试验组瘤胃乙酸和总VFA浓度显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0．05或P<0．01),以0．6％水平组最高。     

Protection of farmed camels (Camelus Dromedarius): Welfare problems and legislative perspective

In the last years animal welfare has assumed an increasing interest in our society, influencing legislation to enact many provisions aimed at the protection of animals. Along with increased consumer awareness of the need to maintain ethically acceptable conditions of raised animals, scientists too have begun to investigate the conditions of animal welfare, the tools for its evaluation and for its improvement. Although there are many advances in knowledge, much remains to be investigated concerning many species considered "minor", that is, camels and dromedaries. Dromedaries, recently, have attracted the interest of some breeders following the results of studies concerning the nutritional and therapeutic properties of their products ‐ milk in particular ‐ that make them ideal for some particular categories of consumers, such as diabetics, obesity sufferers, lactose‐intolerant subjects, menopausal women and so on. Considering their use in dairy husbandry, dromedaries are reared under intensive and/or semi‐intensive systems with the resulting emergence of specific needs, which should be fulfilled in order to have appropriate welfare. This paper's purpose is to give practical elements in order to find out dromedary welfare standards, promoting a comprehensive set of regulations on welfare, care and protection of this animal.     

RNA干扰技术在动物繁殖中的应用

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是一种由双链RNA诱发的转录后水平的基因沉默现象,是近几年发展起来的基因表达调节新机制,广泛地存在于真菌、植物和动物中。到目前为止,已有很多试验证明,RNAi作为一种基因功能研究的新手段,在动物繁殖研究中发挥了极其高效的作用。作者主要介绍了RNAi的研究历史、分子机制、作用特点、生物学意义及在动物繁殖中的应用。     

家畜基因组遗传多态标记—微卫星标记研究进展(下)

３微卫星标记的应用自微卫星被发现以来就受到了家畜遗传育种家们的高度重视,并且充分认识到了把它作为畜种的基因组变异研究所具有的巨大的潜在价值。现在它已被十分成功地作为富含信息、又容易获得的基因标记,广泛用于构建物种的遗传连锁图,基因鉴定（基因诊断）、物...     

检测cDNA芯片中差异表达基因的非转换方法

cDNA芯片已经成为生物学试验中一种重要试验手段,与其相应的检测差异表达基因的统计方法也在快速地完善。目前通用的方法是将数据进行对数比转换,并相应进行标准化处理。鉴于对数转换的缺点,本研究提出一种非转换方法,即背景校正后直接进行数据标准化。研究表明:利用这种非转换方法,可以更有效地剔除试验中的“噪音,”提高检测的准确率。本研究利用Apo AI试验的芯片数据进行了效率验证,结果表明:与对数转换方法相比,非转换方法能检测出更多的差异表达基因,可以作为cDNA芯片数据分析的一种简便高效方法。     

共轭亚油酸(CLA)对动物营养效应研究进展

本文对共轭亚油酸对动物的免疫作用、抗癌及防止动脉粥样硬化作用、抗氧化作用等进行了综述 ,重点论述了共轭亚油酸的营养再分配作用 ,并对有待继续研究的问题进行了探讨。