社群丰容对圈养小熊猫区域分配的影响

为探索社群丰容对重庆动物园圈养小熊猫行为区域分配的影响,2014年1月—2015年2月,用目标动物取样法对比观察春季、夏季、秋季、冬季社群丰容前后圈养小熊猫区域分配。结果表明:社群丰容增加了小熊猫对栖架、树上的利用,减少了内室和裸露地面和近游客区域的利用。树上利用的最大占比值在夏季,丰容增加了11.1%;栖架的利用最大占比值在春季,丰容增加了2.8%;冬季对内室的利用占比值最高,丰容后,其利用占比减少了8.4%,从而相应增加了小熊猫户外停留时间;丰容后,小熊猫对裸露地面的最大利用占比值减少了3.7%,近游客区域最大占比值减少了5.6%。小熊猫对六大区域的最高利用占比,丰容前后没有变化,最高为树上,最少为裸露地面。     

锥栗良种圆蒂仔特征特性

圆蒂仔是科技人员从众多锥栗农家品种中选育出的锥栗良种,在建瓯市各个乡镇均有栽培,深受广大榛农喜爱。总结圆蒂仔的特征特性。     

Indicators and trade-offs of ecosystem services in agricultural soils along a landscape heterogeneity gradient

Soil functions can be classified as supporting (nutrient cycling) and provisioning (crop production) ecosystem services (ES). These services consist of multiple and dynamic functions and are typically assessed using indicators, e.g. microbial biomass as an indicator of supporting services. Agricultural intensification negatively affects indicators of soil functions and is therefore considered to deplete soil ES. It has been suggested that incorporating leys into crop rotations can enhance soil ES. We examined this by comparing indicators of supporting soil services – organic carbon, nitrogen, water holding capacity and available phosphorous (carbon storage and nutrient retention); net nitrogen mineralisation rate and microbial biomass (nutrient cycling and retention) – in barley fields, leys and permanent pastures along a landscape heterogeneity gradient (100, 500 and 1000 m radii). In addition, barley yields (provisioning service) were analysed against these indicators to identify trade-offs among soil services. Levels of most indicators did not differ between barley and ley fields and were consistently lower than in permanent pastures. Leys supported greater microbial biomass than barley fields. Landscape heterogeneity had no effect on the indicators or microbial community composition. However, landscape heterogeneity correlated negatively with yield and soil pH, suggesting that soils in heterogeneous landscapes are less fertile and therefore have lower yields. No trade-offs were found between increasing barley yield and the soil indicators. The results suggest that soil ES are determined at the field level, with little influence from the surrounding landscape, and that greater crop yields do not necessarily come at the expense of supporting soil services.     

2种侵入型乳酸菌生物学特性的研究

本研究旨在选择性能优良的乳酸菌表达载体，为后期研发新型乳酸菌活菌疫苗奠定基础。试验对诱导型和组成型表达的2种侵入型乳酸菌NC8-pSIP409-FnBPA和NC8-pLc23-FnBPA的生物学特性进行研究，从酸耐受性、胆盐耐受性、生长曲线、质粒稳定性、抑菌试验以及药敏试验这6个方面进行鉴定。结果表明，这2种乳酸菌在pH为2.5的酸应激条件下，存活率均达到125%，在质量分数为0.5%的高胆盐溶液中，存活率高达200%。2种类型的乳酸菌均能在9 h时达到平台期，生长性能优良，其中组成型表达菌株NC8-pLc23-FnBPA达到平台期时的D_{600 nm}值为1.3，高于诱导型表达菌株，生长性能优于诱导型菌株。pH生长曲线结果表明，乳酸菌产酸性能无明显性差异，在10 h时，溶液中的pH均降为3.5，产酸能力较强。2种类型乳酸菌的菌体和上清对常见致病菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用，其中菌体的抑菌效果优于上清，且表达FnBPA蛋白的组成型菌体的抑菌效果强于诱导表达型。2种侵入型乳酸菌均对绝大多数的抗生素敏感性高，具有一定的生物安全性。2种类型的乳酸菌的质粒稳定性均>90%。本试验发现诱导型乳酸菌NC8-pSIP409-FnBPA与组成型乳酸菌NC8-pLc23-FnBPA具有相似的生物学特性，其中组成型乳酸菌表达蛋白更方便，无需添加诱导肽便可自主表达，更适合作为新型乳酸菌活菌疫苗的受体菌株，为后期乳酸菌活菌疫苗的研制提供便利。     

红松无性系种子园与实生种子园种实性状观测

建立红松无性系种子园和实生种子园的实践证明:嫁接母树的结实株数、结实率、公顷产种量、种子千粒重等9项种实性状均优于实生母树,关键种实性状指标结实率、公顷产种量、出种率、种子千粒重、出仁率分别是实生母树的3.67倍、2.74倍、1.16倍、1.02倍和1.12倍.     

莱豆新品种龙莱1号的选育

征集龙岩市莱豆地方品种13个,按照育种目标进行品种筛选、提纯、繁殖、特征特性观察与栽培技术试验,育成的莱豆新品种龙莱1号具有中熟、品质优、产量高、抗病性较强、适应性广、商品价值高等特点。该文介绍该品种从2003～2010年的选育过程及该品种主要特征特性。     

包装装潢设计的民族性与时代性

包装装潢设计的发展一直伴随着人类文明和文化的进步,当今社会,国与国之间沟通的日趋加强、新技术,新材料的应用使包装设计显示出其特有的时代性特征,但其又离不开特定的社会文化背景,因为历史与传统是有连接性的.因此包装装潢设计既应有纵向的传统的继承,还要有横向的交流与发展,即民族性与时代性的和谐统一.     

Vineyard soil bacterial diversity and composition revealed by 16S rRNA genes: Differentiation by geographic features

Here, we examine soil-borne microbial biogeography as a function of the features that define an American Viticultural Area (AVA), a geographically delimited American wine grape-growing region, defined for its distinguishing features of climate, geology, soils, physical features (topography and water), and elevation. In doing so, we lay a foundation upon which to link the terroir of wine back to the soil-borne microbial communities. The objective of this study is to elucidate the hierarchy of drivers of soil bacterial community structure in wine grape vineyards in Napa Valley, California. We measured differences in the soil bacterial and archaeal community composition and diversity by sequencing the fourth variable region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S V4 rDNA). Soil bacterial communities were structured with respect to soil properties and AVA, demonstrating the complexity of soil microbial biogeography at the landscape scale and within the single land-use type. Location and edaphic variables that distinguish AVAs were the strongest explanatory factors for soil microbial community structure. Notably, the relationship with TC and TN of the <53 μm and 53–250 μm soil fractions offers support for the role of bacterial community structure rather than individual taxa on fine soil organic matter content. We reason that AVA, climate, and topography each affect soil microbial communities through their suite of impacts on soil properties. The identification of distinctive soil microbial communities associated with a given AVA lends support to the idea that soil microbial communities form a key in linking wine terroir back to the biotic components of the soil environment, suggesting that the relationship between soil microbial communities and wine terroir should be examined further.     

渗灌次数对西北荒漠灌区紫花苜蓿栽培草地土壤化学性质的影响

渗灌是节水农业中最有效的措施之一,有利于作物产量和水分利用率的提高。本研究以甘肃省金昌市杨柳青公司紫花苜蓿‘艾迪娜’(M.sativa L.‘Aidina’)试验地渗灌区土壤为研究对象,通过田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究不同渗灌次数(0次、1次、2次、3次)对苜蓿出苗期不同土层深度及管距位置土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:在0~10cm和10~20cm土层深度,pH最高值均出现在管上,较CK升高了8.21%和8.68%,最低值都出现在管中,较CK降低了2.70%和3.37%;2水和3水均能显著提高不同土层深度及不同管距位置的pH值(P0.05)。不同渗灌次数,不同土层深度管中的水溶性盐含量均高于管上和管近,且最大值都出现在1水,较CK分别增加了83.26%和96.34%;不同土层深度,2水的水溶性盐含量平均值都低于1水和3水;不同渗灌次数,不同土层深度,钠离子和钾离子含量的最大值均出现在管中。不同渗灌次数,不同土层深度,管中的水解性氮含量均高于管上和管近,最大值都出现在1水管中,较CK分别增加了112.68%和34.48%。随着渗灌次数的增多,0~10cm土层深度不同管距的速效磷含量均呈现下降趋势,速效钾含量均呈现上升趋势。随着灌水次数的增加,不同土层深度及管位的有机质含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2水显著提高了各位置土壤有机质含量(P0.05)。综上所述,渗灌2次比较好,土壤水溶性盐含量较低且有机质含量较高,利于苜蓿幼苗生长。     

青藏高原东北部3种野豌豆植物学特性及资源储量

采用野外定点法、最小样方法和统计学方法对生长于青藏高原东北部的3种野豌豆属植物的植物学特性、生态环境、群落数量特征及资源储量进行研究。结果显示,救荒野豌豆、山野豌豆和三齿萼野豌豆的植物学特性、生态环境和群落数量特征具有一定差异,3种野豌豆在青海省的资源总储量分别为0.46×10~6、0.23×10~6、0.27×10~6 kg,表明3种野豌豆属植物的资源总量在青海省并不高,应对其进行有效的引种驯化,实现人工繁育和增加资源储量,这既可保护青海省甚至青藏高原的生态环境,也可对其资源进行有效地保护和合理开发利用。