Spatial variability of common carp populations in relation to lake morphology and physicochemical parameters in the upper Midwest United States

Weber MJ, Brown ML, Willis DW. Spatial variability of common carp populations in relation to lake morphology and physicochemical parameters in the upper Midwest United States.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 555–565. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a widespread invasive species that is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions. Despite the circumpolar distribution of the species, limited information is available describing factors related to spatial variation in population characteristics. Eighty‐four lakes and impoundments in the upper Midwest United States were sampled to investigate the relationships of common carp relative abundance with size structure, condition and growth rates. We also investigated abiotic factors (lake morphology, physical solids and water quality) that may broadly influence common carp populations. Common carp size structure and condition were inversely related to relative abundance. Common carp relative abundance increased and size structure shifted to smaller individuals with increased lake depth, whereas lake surface area, watershed:surface area ratio and physical solids were also important in explaining common carp abundance and size structure. Common carp condition was best explained by water quality parameters and increased with metrics of lake productivity. We conclude that knowledge of factors associated with variation in common carp populations among lakes provides insights into the autecology and broad provisions for management of this generalist invasive species.     

KHAPLI在小麦抗病育种中的利用

普通小麦(Triticum aeslivum,2n=6x=42)与二粒小麦Khapli (T. dicoccum,2n=4x=28)杂交,因普通小麦品种不同,传递给杂交种的基因数也不同。抗贵白4号、16号和20号小种的两个显性抗白粉病基因,容易遗传给六倍体小麦遗传背景。抗贵白64号小种的可能有1个隐性基因,较难遗传给普通小麦的杂种后代。     

A 9-year monitoring study of diseases on potato seed tubers imported to Israel

Potato seed tubers are imported annually to Israel from northern Europe. Although the seed is registered as certified, a survey carried out over a 9-year period indicated that most lots were affected by latent or active bacterial and fungal infections. Latent infection byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica, the causal agent of blackleg, at a level of 10³ cells/g peel, was present in 30% of the lots in most years. Black scurf caused byRhizoctonia solani was present in 20–70% of the imported lots, with a moderate to high level of infection in all years except 1985. In contrast, although many lots were affected by powdery scab, common scab, and Fusarium dry rot in most years, disease incidence within lots was generally low. The gangrene pathogen (Phoma exigua) was rarely detected. The survey findings are of marked importance, due to the extensive use of soil fumigation in Israeli agriculture.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of N'-benzoyl-N-(tert-butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 3. Modification of N-tert-butylhydrazine moiety

Nineteen analogues were synthesized by modifying the tert-butylhydrazine moieties of N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-6-carbohydrazide and N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methylchromane-6-carbohydrazide (chromafenozide), and the synthesized analogues were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura F. While all of the synthesized analogues had insecticidal activity inferior to those of the lead compounds, several of the analogues nonetheless showed high insecticidal activity. Chromafenozide has shown very high selectivity toward lepidopteran species.     

苜蓿草粉对禾花鲤蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性影响的研究

选取来源一致、规格整齐的2龄禾花鲤1 200尾,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为5个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复80尾鱼,分置于15个试验池中。各处理苜蓿Medicago sativa草粉的添加量分别为0（对照组）、40（试验Ⅰ组）、80（试验Ⅱ组）、120（试验Ⅲ组）和160 g/kg（试验Ⅳ组）,正试期50 d,观测苜蓿草粉对禾花鲤前、中、后肠及肝胰脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明：1）添加苜蓿草粉对前肠蛋白酶活性有显著影响 (P<0.05),其中试验II组显著高于对照组和试验Ⅳ组,但和试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组差异不显著 (P>0.05)。添加苜蓿草粉对中、后肠及肝胰脏蛋白酶活性均无显著影响 (P>0.05),但它们有相同的变化趋势,即试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鱼的蛋白酶活性均高于对照组。2）鲤鱼的前肠、中肠、后肠蛋白酶活性依次减弱,而肝胰脏的蛋白酶活性远低于肠道。3）添加苜蓿草粉后前肠及中肠淀粉酶活性比较,试验II组显著高于对照组 (P<0.05),其余各组与对照组差异不显著 (P>0.05),后肠淀粉酶活性与对照组无显著差异 (P>0.05)。添加苜蓿草粉能提高鲤鱼肝胰脏淀粉酶活性,其中试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组 (P<0.05),其余试验组与对照组无显著差异 (P>0.05)。4）禾花鲤前、中、后肠及肝胰脏4部分淀粉酶的活性有较大的不同,肝胰脏>后肠>中肠>前肠。     

构建财经科技文献资源“云”平台

探讨了构建财经科技文献资源"云"平台的具体措施,须订立统一的接口和标准,联合各类数据机构,才能建立广泛的信息资源数据中心,以此实现财经科技文献资源的共建共享,为今后各级各类平台项目全面整合提供有益的探索和尝试。     

Effects of feeding rates on growth and production of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp polycultured in fertilized ponds

Abstract In an attempt to identify appropriate feeding rates for multispecies of fish raised in fertilized earthen ponds, the present work was conducted over a 19‐week experimental period to establish the growth performance, production and body composition of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp fed 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% biomass and to apparent satiation (treatments). Twelve ponds were stocked with a similar number and weight of each fish species. Two ponds were assigned to each of the treatments, and a 25% protein pelleted fish feed was used to feed fish at the specified rate of feeding. At the end of the experiment, growth, weight gain, survival, yield and body composition of fish groups were affected by the treatments. The economic effectiveness also varied among treatments. The most conspicuous attribute of the feeding rates was its lack of influence on growth (g day^?1), weight gain (g per fish), yield (kg ha^?1) or body composition of silver carp. The results of whole‐body proximate analysis indicated that various feeding rates had either an irregular pattern or no effects on the protein and ash gain per 100 g of fish body weight (bw) gain. The most notable exceptions were significant (P < 0.05) increases in body fat and gross energy gains in Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp accompanied by decreases in percentages of moisture (but not in silver carp) as feeding rate increased. Among the six different feeding levels, feeding to apparent satiation (feed amount was equivalent to 2.67% of fish bw day^?1) appeared to be optimal, as it significantly (P < 0.05) supported the highest fish production, income and net profit compared with all other treatments except for the 3% feeding level, for which the differences in those measurements were comparable.     

鲤鱼血淋巴细胞培养及染色体制备条件探索

从鲤鱼侧线鳞处静脉采血于含有肝素的一次性注射器中，采用RPMI1640全培养基进行体外淋巴细胞培养。通过对采血后细胞培养时间、秋水仙素浓度及加入时间、低渗时间及温度等条件的摸索，建立了较成熟的培养鱼类血淋巴细胞的实验方法。     

普通野生稻杂交后代抗白叶枯病鉴定筛选

为了从野生稻中发掘优异的水稻白叶枯病抗性材料,拓宽栽培稻抗白叶枯病遗传基础,达到控制水稻白叶枯病的目的,对合系35与元江普通野生稻远缘杂交后代不同世代的不同株系材料分年度进行了抗白叶枯病能力的鉴定和分析,并调查了后代材料对水稻白叶枯病的抗病能力,获得了一批高抗和中抗材料,为今后定位高抗白叶枯病基因以及水稻抗病育种提供了依据。