采前高浓度赤霉素处理对贵妃芒果色泽发育的抑制效应

以10年生贵妃芒果树为实验材料,研究不同浓度（0、0.5g/L、1.0g/L、2.0g/L、3.0g/L）赤霉素（GA3）处理果树对采后芒果果实色泽变化的影响。于果树的盛花期、幼果期和果实膨大期三次进行GA3喷洒处理。结果表明：与对照组相比,不同浓度的赤霉素处理对果皮色度a*值均具有明显影响,浓度越高,抑制a*值增大的效果越显著;赤霉素处理可以显著抑制果皮叶绿素(Chl)的降解,降低类胡萝卜素及花青素的合成;高浓度赤霉素对叶绿素酶（Chlase）、查尔酮异构酶(CHI)活性增加、5-氨基乙酰脱氢酶(ALAD)活性的降低具有明显的抑制效果。综上表明：采前GA3处理可以抑制采后贵妃芒果果皮色泽的转变, 浓度越高对果皮转色的抑制效果越显著。     

薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传分析

为研究薏苡紫色柱头性状的遗传规律,利用4份材料做亲本构建4个杂交组合,观察并记录其F 1、F 2植株的性状特征和分离比例。结果显示,紫色柱头相对于白色为显性,各F 2群体植株的柱头颜色分离比皆符合3∶1比例,说明紫色柱头是由1对显性等位基因控制。     

不同植物上桃蚜两种体色生物型的DNA多态性研究

用微卫星引物PCR方法分析了烟草、油菜、甘蓝3种不同寄主植物上桃蚜Myzus persica(Sulzer)红、 绿两种体色生物型的DNA多态性。结果表明:①来自不同寄主植物上的同一体色生物型个体之间的遗传关系 近于不同体色生物型个体之间的遗传关系。两种生物型内个体之间比较,红色生物型个体之间的遗传关系近 于绿色生物型个体之间的遗传关系。②来自3种不同寄主植物上的同一色型桃蚜个体中,其中同为十字花科 的甘蓝和油菜上的红色桃蚜或绿色桃蚜之间的遗传关系近于来自茄科寄主烟草上的红色桃蚜或绿色桃蚜。 ③3种寄毛上的红色桃蚜和绿色桃蚜的遗传关系相对较远,但并不明显,处于连续过渡状态。     

四种食用色素对金鱼体色的影响

为了探讨食用色索对金鱼体色的影响进行了本次试验。将四种食用色素柠檬黄（group1）、胭脂红（group2）、果绿（group3）和亮蓝（group4）以2％o的比例加入基础饲料中配成试验饲料，另以基础饲料作对照（group5），投喂体重20g左右的黄色金鱼110d，试验前后用WSC—s型测色色差计测定各组每尾鱼体色的三刺激值，结果发现，试验前柠檬黄组、胭脂红组、果绿组、亮蓝组和和对照组金鱼体色的x值分别为（56．942±9．940）、（58．315±6．667）、（56．794±5．510）、（57．019±4．615）和（53．427±6．564），Y值分别为（57．652±10．889）、（55．370±6．284）、（55．850±7．831）、（54．295±5．969）和（51．382±8．835），Z值分别为（32．249±9．646）、（24．084±6．536）、（24．667±7．259）、（26．351±6．791）和（32．09±14．272）。各组金鱼体色的x值问、Y值间、z值间均无显著差异。试验后柠檬黄组、胭脂红组、果绿组、亮蓝组和对照组金鱼体色的x值分别为（68．079±11．819）、（74．626±0）、（68．714±8．765）、（73．384±10．929）和（69．623±7．779），Y值分别为（59．135±11．364）、（66．110±O）、（62．389±8．547）、（66．085士6．134）和（62．115±6．763），z值分别为（24．806±7．144）、（25．477±0）、（22．651±10．201）、（19．395士3．781）和（16．677±6．763），各组金鱼体色的X值间、Y值间、Z值间均无显著差异。这四种食用色素对试验金鱼的体色无显著影响。     

微生态制剂对锦鲤生长性能、肌肉组成、体色及非特异性免疫的影响

为探讨微生态制剂在锦鲤养殖生产中的应用效果,研究微生态制剂对锦鲤生长、肌肉组成、体色和血清非特异性免疫指标的影响。将300尾初始体质量为(147.22±4.51)g的锦鲤随机分为5组,每组设3个平行,对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲料,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组)在基础饲料中分别添加不同剂量(0.05‰、0.10‰、0.20‰、0.40‰)的微生态制剂粉剂,养殖周期为45 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.20‰微生态制剂组,锦鲤的增重率、特定生长率分别显著提高32.25%、26.19%,饲料系数显著降低25.98%;各试验组成活率、体表色度值无显著变化;各试验组的鱼体粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、水分含量均无显著变化,粗灰分含量随着微生态制剂添加剂量的增加显著升高;各试验组非特异性免疫指标SOD、AKP、LSZ活性均显著高于对照组,其中0.20‰的添加组最高,分别为69.84 U/m L、12.72 U/m L、14.21μg/m L,较对照组分别显著提高24.33%、27.70%、26.00%。综上,饲料中添加微生态制剂可显著提高锦鲤幼鱼的生长性能、改善鱼体肌肉成分、提高非特异性免疫机能,适宜添加量为0.20‰。     

Quality characteristics in raw and smoked fillets of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, fed high-energy diets

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , were fed four levels of dietary fat (256, 308, 346 and 389 g kg⁻¹ of diet) for 138 days, with the purpose of studying quality characteristics in raw and smoked fish fillets. Dietary fat levels up to 346 g kg⁻¹ resulted in increased fat content of the raw fillets. The dietary fat levels had a less systematic effect on perceived fatness of the smoked fillets and caused a trend towards better odour and flavour. The fat content of raw fillets was significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) correlated to lower smoke odour, greater rancid flavour, fatness, and a yellower hue of the smoked fillets. Astaxanthin levels of the raw fillets varied between 6 and 11 mg kg⁻¹ of fillet and were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) correlated with greater intensity of smoke odour, lower off-odour, and less whiteness, greater colour intensity and a redder hue of the smoked fish. It is proposed that salmon fillets can be graded according to weight, fat content and colour values prior to smoking to obtain more standardized quality characteristics of the final product after processing.     

Natural bixin as a potential carotenoid for enhancing pigmentation and colour in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Discovering natural carotenoids for colour enhancement and health benefits of fish is important to develop new feed formulations. We have purified natural bixin from achiote seeds and evaluated the effect of colour enhancing and pigmentation in goldfish. Varying levels of bixin‐based diets were prepared with 420 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 120 g kg^?1 of lipid content. Our results clearly showed that bixin (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.60 g kg^?1) based diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the skin and fin colour at 30 and 60 days compared to diet without bixin. Interestingly, diet which contains 0.20 g kg^?1 bixin and commercial feed (with astaxanthin) had similar effect on carotenoid deposition in skin. Moreover, total carotenoid deposition in fin was higher than in skin of all bixin‐containing diets. However, 0.60 g kg^?1 bixin‐containing diet had lower specific growth rate (1.01 ± 0.01) and higher feed conversion ratio (2.05 ± 0.19) compared to the control group. The present results demonstrate that achiote bixin can be successfully used as an alternative natural carotenoid source against synthetic astaxanthin in fish feed. Our data indicate that 0.20 g kg^?1 is a suitable dietary level of bixin to ensure strong pigmentation, acceptable growth and feed utilization in goldfish.     

Effect of salinity on growth and energy budget of red and green colour variant sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca)

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca), tolerates salinity fluctuations inhabiting intertide zone. This study deals with growth, food intake, food conversion and the bioenergetic responses of the red variant (wet weight of 2.60 ± 0.11g) and green variant (wet weight of 2.56 ± 0.08 g) A. japonicus to different salinities of 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 psu at 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of both green and red variants A. japonicus (P < 0.05). Both colour variants of sea cucumber had highest SGR at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity below or above this point. Maximum SGR (the green 1.07 ± 0.08% day^?1, the red 1.14 ± 0.09% day^?1 respectively) is related with maximum food intake (FI) and highest food conversion efficiency (FCE) (P < 0.05) occurring at 30 psu. Only under 22 psu, the green variant grew faster than the red variant (P < 0.05), and under other four salinity treatments there was no significant difference between SGR of two colour variant holothruians (P > 0.05). Values of adaptable salinity scope for green and red variants sea cucumber survival are 18.5~39 psu and 20.9~38.6 psu respectively. The average energy budget formula of sea cucumber at 30 psu was: 100C = 6G +42F +3U+49R (C, energy ingested; G, energy for growth; F, energy loss as faeces; U, energy used for ammonia excretion; R, energy loss for respiration). The sea cucumber had maximum energy ingested (C) and highest proportion of energy for growth (G) at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity is above or below this salinity. Both red and green variants of A. japonicus deposited for growth were very low, and the energy loss in faeces and energy for respiration accounted for the majority of assimilation energy. The result clearly showed that the optimum condition for farming green and red variants A. japonicus, both with respect growth and energy allocation, is the salinity scope of 26 ~ 30 psu.     

三角帆蚌HcTyr基因内壳色性状相关SNP筛选及图谱定位

为研究三角帆蚌HcTyr基因与内壳色性状的相关性,本实验根据已分离的三角帆蚌HcTyr基因进行引物设计和片段扩增,并用144只三角帆蚌对其多态性进行筛选和验证,卡方检验分析了SNP位点和三角帆蚌内壳色相关性,并对HcTyr基因进行了图谱定位。结果显示,在HcTyr基因上筛选出8个SNP位点,其中有7个SNP位点与三角帆蚌内壳色L、a及d E呈显著相关性,用这7个SNP位点做单倍型构建和分析,发现Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ这3种单倍型在白色群体中出现的频率极显著高于在紫色群体中出现的频率,而Ⅴ和Ⅶ这2两种单倍型在紫色群体中出现的频率极显著高于白色群体。进一步在商业养殖群体中验证发现,Ⅳ和Ⅶ这2种单倍型可分别作为白色和紫色群体的优势单倍型。研究表明,三角帆蚌HcTyr基因可作为内壳色相关的候选基因,其部分SNP位点可用于三角帆蚌分子辅助育种。另外本实验还将HcTyr基因定位在三角帆蚌LG16连锁群上,这为进一步解析该基因调控珍珠颜色形成的分子机制奠定了基础。     

彩纸对茶尺蠖幼虫诱集效率的研究

本文研究了不同颜色彩纸在室内、野外对茶尺蠖幼虫的诱集以及彩纸与茶树共存时对茶尺蠖的竞争诱集。结果表明,不同颜色纸对茶尺蠖一龄幼虫有不同的诱集率,柠檬黄色纸诱引力最大,土黄、黄绿色纸次之。柠檬黄、土黄、黄绿色纸与茶树竞争诱集时,彩纸比寄主植物诱引力大。