Accuracy of imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism marker genotypes from low‐density panels in Japanese Black cattle

Using target and reference fattened steer populations, the performance of genotype imputation using lower‐density marker panels in Japanese Black cattle was evaluated. Population imputation was performed using BEAGLE software. Genotype information for approximately 40 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers by Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip was available, and imputation accuracy was assessed based on the average concordance rates of the genotypes, varying equally spaced SNP densities, and the number of individuals in the reference population. Two additional statistics were also calculated as indicators of imputation performance. The concordance rates tended to be lower for SNPs with greater minor allele frequencies, or those located near the ends of the chromosomes. Longer autosomes yielded greater imputation accuracies than shorter ones. When SNPs were selected based on linkage disequilibrium information, relative imputation accuracy was slightly improved. When 3000 and 10 000 equally spaced SNPs were used, the imputation accuracies were greater than 90% and approximately 97%, respectively. These results indicate that combining genotyping using a lower‐density SNP chip with genotype imputation based on a population of individuals genotyped using a higher‐density SNP chip is a cost‐effective and valid approach for genomic prediction.     

In vivo confocal microscopy in the normal corneas of cats, dogs and birds

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in veterinary ophthalmology and analyze the morphology of living, healthy cornea. ANIMALS EXAMINED: Thirty-seven dogs, 34 cats and five birds. PROCEDURE: Various corneal sublayers were visualized in the central region using an in vivo confocal corneal microscope (HRTII/RCM). RESULTS: An investigation method was developed and adapted for use on animals with varying skull forms and eye positions. Real-time images of the epithelial cells, the corneal stroma and the endothelial layer were obtained. The corneal stromal nerve trunks and the subepithelial and basal epithelial nerve plexus were visualized. In dogs, full corneal thickness (FCT) was 585 +/- 79 microm (mean +/- SD) and endothelial cell density (ECD) 3175 +/- 776 cells/mm(2) (mean +/- SD). In cats, FCT was 592 +/- 80 microm and ECD 2846 +/- 403 cells/mm(2). There were no significant differences between canine and feline FCT and ECD and no morphologic differences could be seen between dogs and cats. The bird images revealed a number of structural differences. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive IVCM allows accurate detection of corneal sublayers, corneal pachymetry, endothelial cell density and corneal innervation in various animal species. For clinical usage, patients must be under general anesthesia. The confocal images provided anatomic reference images of various healthy corneal structures in dogs, cats and birds.     

生物多样性与地形及土壤因素对坡面产流产沙的耦合影响

生物多样性关系到生态系统的功能,而坡度和土壤因素是影响坡面产流产沙的重要因子。本研究基于黄土丘陵区生物多样性,并引入坡度、降雨前土壤含水量和土壤容重,探究其与坡面产流产沙总量的耦合关系。通过野外人工降雨试验,记录草本、灌木和乔木群落下的产流时间和产流产沙总量,并开展土壤植被调查。结果表明,与草本和乔木群落相比,灌木群落在延长产流开始时间和降低产沙总量上表现更优;植被群落功能离散度指数(FDiv)对产沙总量影响最大,Simpson指数(D)对产流总量影响最大,坡度仍然是不可忽视的第二重要影响因素;产流总量与坡度、土壤容重、D和功能丰富度指数(FRic)的回归关系优于产流总量分别与其的回归关系;产沙总量与坡度和FDiv指数的回归关系优于产沙总量分别与其的回归关系。植被保护与坡度改善将是该区水土保持规划工作的重点。     

国内外药典相对密度测定法比较研究

通过对比中国兽药典、中国药典、美国药典和欧洲药典中相对密度测定法,了解四部药典的异同点,旨为中国兽药典引入新方法提供参考。分别对四部药典的收载情况、测定法原理、应用范围等进行比较和讨论。四部药典收载的测定法略有差异,中国兽药典收载的测定法在测定黏稠液体时具有一定局限性。建议中国兽药典在充分调研基础上,引入振荡型密度计测定法。     

果蔬产品变色原因分析及其控制

分析了果蔬产品在加工贮存中变色的原因,综述了目前生产中常用的行之有效的护色措施,包括生物、化学和物理等方面的处理方法。     

Density Functional Theory Compute on Electronegativities to Superconductivity of Oxides

In this article we have worked out the correlation between electronegativity and high temperature superconductivity for oxide. It is suggested the equalized electronegativity, X cq , can be used as a empirical criterion for superconductivities of oxides. For determining the X cq , a new formula for the calculation of X cq values has been obtained The X cq values of 230 oxide superconductors have been calculated. The result shows that the X cq values of all the oxide superconductors concentrate in a narrow range from 5.00 to 5.63 and that the oxides with values out side this region would be non-superconductive. This criterion can be applied to almost all the oxide superconductors. It is clearly that this result is able to benefit further inquiries about the mechanism of superconductivity.     

Visualization of the FEM Analysis Data of 3D on the Cut Plane

The colored patterns on arbitrary cut plane is an important method in 3D data-field visualization of finite element.By using the technology of the Object-Oriented Programming and the method of scan-line,the colored patterns on arbitrary cut plane are given.The example by the OPENGL of Visual C++ R6 can support the theory satisfactorily.     

Approaches to enhance power density of gearboxes for wind turbines

Based on pitting strength, some approaches to enhance power density of gearboxes for wind turbines are discussed. The calculation load is greatly reduced by power division. Allowable stress numbers are effectively increased by improving property of quality materials, precision heat treatment or shot peening. Load capacities can be also obviously enhanced by improving the tooth shape of morphology optimization of tooth root, tooth correction or superfinishing of tooth surface. The center distance is effectively decreased by minishing minimum allowable safety factor or enlarging face width. The power density of gearbox can be further improved by means of structure optimization of planet carrier or uniform load of planetary gear transmission.     

软包装调味笋的研制

对软包装调味笋加工的色泽和口感进行研究。研究表明,用质量分数为0.005%的NaH SO3溶液预处理原料,用质量分数为0.1%的CaCl2溶液预煮杀青10m in,并用0.15%的醋酸浸泡30m in,焖煮时间控制在5m in,就能较好地保持新鲜笋的色泽,同时兼顾产品较高脆性和较好的滋味,达到良好口感的需要。