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11.
Field studies were undertaken to explore the weed management strategies for transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in the Dera Ismail Khan district of North-west Frontier Province, Pakistan. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split plot arrangement. The main plots consisted of two planting techniques (transplantation and direct seeding), while weed control practises assigned to the subplots included the use of the granular herbicide Sunstar 15WG (ethoxy sulfuron), Machete 60EC (butachlor), conventional hand weeding, and the weedy check (untreated control). Data were recorded on weed dynamics and the agronomic parameters of the rice crop. Economic analyses on the data were also run. The weed density and biomass were lower in the transplantation plots than the direct-seeding plots. The herbicides ethoxy sulfuron and butachlor reduced the density over the weedy check, with a density comparable to hand weeding in 2002, but slightly higher in 2003. As a result of weed management by hand weeding and herbicides, the paddy yield and its components were significantly higher for the transplanted method compared to the direct-seeded method. The comparable yield of herbicides with hand weeding offers an option for the use of herbicides as an alternative management tool. In light of our findings, it is concluded that for good economic returns, rice crops may be transplanted rather than direct-seeded. The herbicides ethoxy sulfuron and butachlor offer a weed control cover comparable with hand weeding under the transplantation method, while butachlor is good for controlling weeds even under the direct-seeded conditions in the agroclimatic conditions of the area. 相似文献
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《Livestock Production Science》2005,95(3):255-263
The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of cage floor and cage density on stress parameters of laying hens. A total of 162 brown laying hens (Hyline Brown), aged 34 weeks, were used in the experiment. Compact-type battery cages, with three floors, were used. Hens were allocated as one, three or five hens in each of 18 cages to obtain three different cage density groups of 1968, 656 and 393.8 cm2 floor area per hen, respectively. The same number of cages with different cage density were allocated to three different battery floors (first floor=top, second=middle, third=bottom) systematically. Values for body weight, mortality rate, egg weight, egg production, egg quality characteristics, egg yolk cholesterol content, the levels of blood plasma corticosterone, serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H-L ratio), antibody titers, claw length score, foot health score, plumage score and throat skin injuries were taken as indicators of stress. The values for egg weight (P<0.01) at the first floor were greater than the other floor levels. The group with five hens per cage had significantly lower mean estimates (P<0.01) than other groups with respects to body weight (P<0.001), egg production (P<0.001), egg weight (P<0.001) and plumage score (P<0.01), while significantly higher mean estimates for egg albumen index (P<0.01), Haugh unit (P<0.01), serum glucose (P<0.001), and H-L ratio (P<0.001). Serum cholesterol was higher in cages with one hen than that with five hens, whereas plasma corticosterone was lower. Antibody titers in cages with one hen was similar to that with three or five hens; however, those with three hens had higher titers than those with five hens. Values for egg breaking strength, yolk index, egg cholesterol content, and foot health score were not affected by cage density or floor. The results suggest that the allocation of three hens per cage had no measurable effect on health and welfare. 相似文献
13.
为了探索水稻无盘旱育免耕抛秧适宜栽培密度和技术,设计了6种不同抛秧密度的试验。结果表明,性状指标变化情况为:株高、穴穗数、穗长、穗总粒数、穗实粒数随抛秧密度的增加而减少,667m2穗数随抛秧密度的增加而增加,够苗期随密度的增加而提前,其他性状指标变化不大。667m2抛秧14 000、17 000和20 000粒谷秧的处理4、5、6产量较高,分别为760.3 kg/667m2、718.2 kg/667m2和712.8 kg/667m2,与其余3个处理间达显著或极显著水平。无盘旱育免耕抛秧适宜的密度范围为1 4 000~20 000粒谷秧/667m2。 相似文献
14.
杨树固沙林密度、配置与林木生长过程的关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在科尔沁沙地证明低覆盖度行带式固沙林具有显著的防风效果后,进一步对雨养条件下杨树(赤峰-36号)固沙林的密度、配置及林木生长过程与林龄的动态关系进行研究.结果表明: 1)1~5 a林木的生长基本不受密度的影响,密度大单位面积材积量大;6~11 a是密度对林木生长的显著影响阶段,杨树固沙林的胸径、株高和材积量的增长率随林龄增大而逐年加快;大约在11 a之后趋于稳定;单位活立木蓄积最大(153.39 m3·hm-2)的固沙林密度是825株·hm-2,其他密度按蓄积大小排序依次为540株·hm-2、420株·hm-2和1 215株·hm-2;2)边缘林木的平均胸径和单株材积量分别比林内高20%~70%和90%~260%,且低密度林分的边缘林木的生长优势比高密度林分边缘林木的生长优势更加明显;3)同密度(500株·hm-2)13 a的一行一带式固沙林,其胸径、树高和材积量分别比等株行距的片林高37.4%、17.4%和81%;而10 a的两行一带式的胸径、树高和材积量分别比等株行距的片林高19.8%、16.2%和64.8%,说明行带式配置还具有生物生产力优势. 相似文献
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广南县杉木人工林林分密度控制图的编制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为探讨杉木人工林立木密度对优势木平均高、林分单位面积蓄积量、林分平均直径等生长因子的规律,于2003~2005年在广南县14个乡镇,设置20m×30m的杉木人工林样地215块,在实测胸径和树高的基础上进行资料整理,并编制了杉木人工林林分密度控制图。经检验,其等树高线精度为97.8%,等直径线精度为98.8%。 相似文献
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花青素合成酶(anthocyanidin synthase,ANS)是植物花青素生物合成途径末端的关键酶,催化无色花色素到有色花色素的转变。从广东桑品种粤椹大10中克隆得到一条ANS序列,其ORF为1 077 bp,编码358个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子质量为41 kD,等电点为5.62,具有2-酮戊二酸双加氧酶的保守结构域。多重序列比对表明物种间的ANS序列高度保守,系统进化树中桑树ANS与芍药科、芸香科、葡萄科等植物的同源序列聚在一个类群上。RT-PCR检测桑树ANS在结紫色果的粤椹大10的幼叶和桑椹中特异性表达,并且随着果色加深其表达水平呈上升趋势,而在结白色果的桑品种珍珠白的幼叶和桑椹中检测不到ANS的表达,暗示桑树ANS在桑椹的颜色形成中起到重要作用。 相似文献
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