恒电荷土壤胶体的电导特性

采用电导滴定法研究了恒电荷土壤胶体表面的电导特性 ,提出了几个特征参数 :表观碱量电导率、表观碱量电导贡献率 ,这些参数是氢铝离子与胶体亲和力、碱金属阳离子在土壤胶体表面解离度及离子自身导电能力的综合表征。电导滴定法测定的阳离子代换量 (CEC)与滴定体系有关     

Kinetics Stability of Nanoparticles Colloids

The dimension of nano-particles is close to the dimension of colloid particles. The dispersion system of nano-particles is colloid. The sedimentation rate of nano-particles dispersed in water is calculated, and it is shown that the sedimentation rate is very slow and the nano colloids have high stability on dynamics. Those conclusions are approved by tests. The influence of electric characters of the colloid and macromolecule was introduced. The results of the study maybe out of the image of most people and are useful to change their attitude of the kinetics stability of real nano particles colloid.     

The impact of acepromazine on the efficacy of crystalloid,dextran or ephedrine treatment in hypotensive dogs under isoflurane anesthesia

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of acepromazine on the cardiovascular responses to three treatments for hypotension in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.Study designProspective blinded randomized cross-over experimental design.AnimalsSix adult (2.5 ± 0.5 year old) healthy mixed breed dogs (24.2 ± 7.6 kg).MethodsAnesthesia was induced with propofol (4–6 mg kg^?1, IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Each dog received six treatments separated by at least 5 days. Once instrumented, dogs randomly received acepromazine (0.05 mg kg^?1) (Ace) or saline (equal volume) (Sal) IV and end-tidal isoflurane (e′Iso) was adjusted to achieve hypotension, defined as a mean blood pressure between 45 and 50 mmHg. Dogs randomly received dextran (D) (7 mL kg^?1) or lactated Ringer's (LR) (20 mL kg^?1) over 14 minutes, or ephedrine (Eph) (0.1 mg kg^?1 followed by 10 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) throughout the study. Measurements were taken at baseline, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. Data were analyzed with a Latin Square in two factors (Ace/Sal and treatment) for repeated measures, with further comparisons if appropriate (p < 0.05).Resultse′Iso producing hypotension was significantly less following Ace (2.07 ± 0.23%) than Sal (2.43 ± 0.23%). No improvement in cardiac output (CO) was observed with D or LR. LR initially intensified hypotension with a significant reduction in SVR, while D caused a minor improvement in ABP. Eph produced a significant increase in ABP, CO, hemoglobin, oxygen content and delivery. Pre-treatment with Ace minimized ABP improvements with all treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAcepromazine (0.05 mg kg^?1 IV) enhanced the hypotensive effect of isoflurane, although it maintained CO. Administration of LR significantly worsens ABP initially by further vasodilation. D caused minimal improvement in ABP. At the infusion studied, Eph effectively countered the cardiovascular depression produced by deep isoflurane anesthesia, but extremes in ABP associated with initial vasoconstriction prevent our recommendation at this dose.     

Retrospective Study: Trends in plasma transfusion at a veterinary teaching hospital: 308 patients (1996–1998 and 2006–2008)

Objectives – To describe changes in fresh frozen plasma (FFP) utilization over a 10‐year period at a veterinary teaching hospital. To evaluate the effect of FFP administration on specific laboratory parameters. Design – Retrospective observational study. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals– Two hundred and eighty‐three dogs and 25 cats. Interventions – A hospital database search was performed for all animals receiving FFP during the study periods. Measurements and Main Results – Medical records of patients receiving plasma transfusions from 2006 to 2008 and from 1996 to 1998 were reviewed. Data collected included indications for transfusion, transfused volume, concurrent therapies, clinicopathologic data pre‐ and post‐transfusion, transfusion reactions, days of hospitalization, and outcome. FFP was administered to 112 dogs and 23 cats from 2006 to 2008 and to 171 dogs and 2 cats from 1996 to 1998. Significantly fewer patients received FFP for the treatment of hypoalbuminemia (2006–2008: 15% versus 1996–1998: 53%; P<0.001) or pancreatitis (2006–2008: 2% versus 1996–1998: 13%; P=0.001) and significantly more patients received FFP for coagulopathy (2006–2008: 80% versus 1996–1998: 31%; P<0.001) in the 2006–2008 group compared with the 1996–1998 group. For all patients receiving FFP, there was no difference in mean serum albumin concentration pre‐ and post‐transfusion. Median prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly decreased post FFP administration. No association was found between the volume of plasma administered and outcome. Conclusions – FFP utilization has changed significantly over a 10‐year period. FFP was used most commonly in 2006–2008 for the correction of coagulopathy. FFP administration was associated with significant reduction in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time but did not significantly alter albumin concentration when administered at median doses of 15–18 mL/kg.     

岩溶区棕色石灰土胶体对镉铅的等温吸附特性研究

为了解岩溶地区石灰性土壤胶体对重金属Cd、Pb离子的吸附特性,本研究选取广西岩溶区具有代表性的棕色石灰土来提取土壤胶体,模拟实际土壤污染情况,开展土壤胶体对Cd、Pb的吸附试验,并研究了Cd、Pb离子间的竞争关系及有机质在吸附试验中的作用效果。结果表明:胶体对两种重金属离子的等温吸附用Langmuir、Freundlich和D-R模型均能拟合,拟合优度均在0.93以上;单一溶液中Cd、Pb的平均分配系数与混合溶液相比有所提高,分别升高0.81和0.30,去除有机质后的胶体对Cd吸附量降低了30%～46%,对Pb吸附量下降了14%～25%。与Cd~(2+)相比,Pb~(2+)与胶体亲和力更大更易牢固地吸附在胶体上;混合溶液中两种离子间存在竞争干扰作用,其中Cd~(2+)更易受到Pb~(2+)的影响;去除有机质会减少胶体吸附位点使吸附量下降。     

一种广东烟区黄瓜花叶病毒胶体金检测试纸条的研制及应用

为建立一种在生产应用中快速简便的CMV检测方法,应用胶体金标记技术和免疫层析原理,研制出一种针对广东烟区黄瓜花叶病毒病的快速检测试纸条。经检测,该试纸条检测病毒的灵敏度为1g/10³ mL。对烟草上危害严重的其他4种病毒均无特异性反应。用试纸条对育苗棚烟株进行随机检测,结果与RT-PCR检测结果相符率为90%以上。     

畜禽粪便水分特征研究

本研究采集了牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪等鲜样,对其水分特征、固体形态等性质进行了分析。结果表明:单位重量牛粪样品吸水能力最强,可达7.14 g.g-1干重,其中,以吸附与毛细管形态水比例最高,占总水量的61.8%;猪粪与鸡粪单位重量吸水量分别为:3.36g.g-1干重、4.62 g.g-1干重。牛粪样品纤维、胶体含量分别为51.6%、3.4%,明显高于猪粪与鸡粪,牛粪样品CECv最高,达到28.74 mg当量.100 g-1;分别对牛粪进行纤维素酶处理(降低纤维含量)、酸处理(改变CECv)、去除胶体,测定水分特征曲线,结果表明纤维含量、胶体含量及CECv与吸水能力有一定的正相关性。如何破坏纤维与胶体等物质形成的蓄水结构,将不易去除的吸附水、毛细管水转为易去除的重力水是粪便生物脱水重点研究方向。     

土粒表面电场对土壤团聚体破碎及溅蚀的影响

团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元,其稳定性是评估土壤抗侵蚀能力的重要指标。土壤团聚体破碎是降雨溅蚀发生的关键一步。土粒表面电场对团聚体稳定性具有重要影响,必然也会深刻影响降雨溅蚀过程。该文以黄土母质发育的黄绵土和塿土为研究对象,采用不同浓度的电解质溶液定量调控土粒表面电场,研究不同电场强度对团聚体破碎及溅蚀的影响。结果发现:1)随电解质浓度的降低,土粒表面电位升高,表面电场增大,黄绵土和塿土团聚体平均重量直径减小,团聚体稳定性降低,降雨溅蚀量增大。2)电解质浓度小于10-2 mol/L,黄绵土和塿土表面电位绝对值分别高于202.0和231.6 mV,此时团聚体稳定性和溅蚀量变化不明显,表明表面电位202.0和231.6 mV分别是影响黄绵土和塿土团聚体稳定性及溅蚀的关键电位。3)随着土粒表面电场的减弱,团聚体破碎后释放的<0.15 mm微团聚体含量减小,>0.25 mm大团聚体含量增加,团聚体倾向于破碎为更大粒级的团聚体。4)电场作用下团聚体的破碎特征对降雨溅蚀具有重要的影响,溅蚀量与团聚体破碎释放的<0.15 mm微团聚体含量呈显著正相关,与>0.25 mm大团聚体含量呈显著负相关。上述结果表明,当降雨进入土壤后,对于干燥的土壤而言,土壤溶液电解质浓度被迅速稀释,土粒表面产生强大的电场,该电场通过影响团聚体破碎程度进而影响降雨溅蚀。该研究有助于加深对降雨溅蚀的科学认识,同时也为土壤团聚体稳定性及降雨溅蚀的人为调控提供了一定的理论依据。