THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS DIAZEPAM ON SOLID PHASE GASTRIC EMPTYING IN NORMAL CATS

Intravenous diazepam has been advocated as an appetite stimulant in anorexic cats. Diazepam has also been used to stimulate the intake of radiographic contrast medium-food mixture to determine the gastric emptying time of a solid meal. Diazepam has been suspected to delay gastric emptying in cats. One study found diazepam combined with Valium to have little effect on gastric transit times in cats while diazepam alone accelerates gastric emptying in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine if diazepam influences gastric emptying times in normal cats. The gastric emptying half-time of solid food in normal, non-diazepam treated cats has been previously determined using a scintigraphic technique using ^99mTc-sulfur colloid to radiolabel solid dry food. The median gastric emptying half-time was 2.3 hours and the mean meal size was 16.1 grams. Gastric emptying half-times were determined in this study using diazepam as an appetite stimulant. The median gastric emptying half-times of diazepam tratment groups given both a 16.1 gram meal and a large meal were both significantly longer than the normal non-treated group (P c 0.05). Solid phase gastric emptying is therefore significantly delayed when diazepam is used as an appetite stimulant, irrespective of the volume of the meal.     

Changes in colloid osmotic pressure as a function of anesthesia and surgery in the presence and absence of isotonic fluid administration in dogs

Objective  To determine how a combination of anesthetic drugs; including pre-medication, induction agents and inhalational agents; affect colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the presence and absence of isotonic fluid administration. Secondarily, to determine if changes in total plasma protein (TPP) correlate with COP in anesthetized patients.
Study Design  Prospective, randomized clinical study.
Animals  Ten female dogs, 4 months to 4 years of age and >8 kg undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.
Methods  All dogs were anesthetized in a similar fashion. After induction, five dogs received lactated ringer's solution (LRS) at 10 mL kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ and five dogs received no fluid therapy during anesthesia. Blood samples were collected prior to pre-medication, prior to induction, immediately post-induction/prior to the inhalational agent, 30 minutes post-induction, at the time of recovery and 45 minutes post-discontinuation of inhalant. TPP and COP were measured from each sample.
Results  Administration of fluids resulted in a decrease in COP and TPP over time that did not return to baseline by 45 minutes after recovery. Anesthesia without the administration of fluids also resulted in a significant decrease in COP over time, that was rebounding by recovery (but still significantly less than baseline). TPP had variable correlation with COP at different time points with or without fluid administration.
Conclusions and clinical relevance  Anesthetic drugs alter COP similarly in the presence and absence of isotonic fluids. These changes in COP did not have a simple relationship to TPP and so the latter could not be used to predict COP in this patient population.     

壳聚糖-胶体金修饰丝网印刷电极测定过氧化氢

实验制作了丝网印刷酶电极,采用不同的方法对电极进行修饰,比较了壳聚糖酶电板和壳聚糖胶体金修饰酶电极对过氧化氢的响应。结果表明,在磷酸盐缓冲液（0．1mol·L^-1,pH7．2,PB）中,酶电板的二茂铁氧化峰消失,而还原峰电流高,峰形较好,在检测过程中,电极性能稳定,重复性好。当过氧化氢浓度范围在0.08-40mg·L^-1时,壳黎糖胶体金修饰酶电板对过氧化氢响应电流具有较好的线性关系,面归方程为Y=0．94066logC-1．48549（C为过氧化氢浓度）,检测下限为80μg·L^-1,检测精度高,反应灵敏,而且抗干扰能力较强,适合用于食品中过氧化氢的快速检测。     

根瘤菌存在下土壤胶体和矿物对镉的吸附

Experiments were conducted to study the adsorption of Cd on two soil collids(red soil and yellowbrown soil) and three variable-charge minerals (goethite,noncrystalline Fe oxide and kaolin) in the absence and presence of rhizobia.The tested strain Rhizobium fredii C6,tolerant to 0.8 mmol L^-1 Cd,was selected from 30 rhizobial strains.Results showed that the isotherms for the adsorption of Cd by examined soil colloids and minerals in the presence of rhizobia could be described by Langmuir equation.Within the range of the numbers of rhizobial cells studied,the amount of Cd adsorbed by each system increased with increasing rhizobial cells,Greater increases for the adsorption of Cd were found in red soil and kaolin systems.Rhizobia influence on the adsorption of Cd by examined soil colloids and minerals was different from that on the adsorption of Cu.The presence of rhizobia increased the adsorption affinity of soil colloids and minerals for Cd,particularly for the goethite and kaolin systems.The discrepancies in the influence of rhizobia on the adsorbability and affinity of selected soil colloids and minerals for Cd suggesed the different interactions of rhizobia with various soil components.It is assumed that bacterial biomass plays an important role in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in soils with kaolinite and goethite as the major colloidal compnents,such as in variable-charge soil.     

硼的吸附-解吸对土壤表面性质的影响

对三种不同类型土壤———棕红壤、黄棕壤、灰潮土在特定条件下的电荷零点(PZC) :ck—PZC(无硼 )、ads—PZC(硼吸附 )和des—PZC(硼解吸 )的研究发现 ,棕红壤和黄棕壤的ads—PZC与其ck—PZC相比 ,都有较为明显的下降。灰潮土 ,由于本身碳酸盐的缓冲作用 ,其ads—PZC与ck—PZC几乎相等。在硼吸附发生后 ,3种供试土壤的des—PZC较之它们的ads—PZC ,改变甚小 ,但这时灰潮土却保持强劲吸附电位离子的趋势 ,其吸附H 离子数量是棕红壤和黄棕壤的 2倍 ,表明在灰潮土上 ,原先被土壤胶体吸附的硼这时才显示利于电位离子的吸附。研究还表明 ,硼在酸性土壤中的吸附会引起 1 0倍量的质子的吸附     

Effects of Addition Sequence and pH of Oxalate on the Adsorption and Activity of Acid Phosphatase on Soil Colloids and Minerals

The adsorption and specific activities of acid phosphatase on soil colloids and minerals in oxalate systems with different pH values were studied using the batch method. Results indicated that the amount of phosphatase adsorption decreased in the following order: goethite ? yellow-brown soil (YBS) > kaolinite > latosol, and the specific activities of immobilized phosphatase were goethite > latosol > kaolinite > YBS. The profiles of enzymatic adsorption and specific activity on soil minerals were bell shaped, and their change tendencies were out of sync. The optimal pH for phosphatase adsorption was located between the isoelectric point of phosphatase and the zero point of charge of the studied soil minerals, and the optimal pH for the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme either did not change or shifted toward alkalinity. Enzymatic adsorption amounts and specific activities were greater when the enzyme was added before oxalate than when enzyme was added after oxalate.     

亲水胶体对未漂洗革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

为比较亲水胶体对未漂洗的革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响,分别将0.2%结冷胶(GNG)、0.2%卡拉胶(CGN)、0.2%可得然胶(CDG)及0.2%瓜尔豆胶(GRG)添加于未漂洗的革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜中,并测定凝胶特性、白度值、持水力、动态流变学性质和水分迁移变化规律等指标。结果表明,4种亲水胶体的添加均可不同程度地提高革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶的持水性、白度值、储能模量G′和损耗模量G″,GNG、CGN和CDG的添加有利于促进革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶中不易流动水向结合水方向迁移(P21增加),其中CDG组的持水性(95.77%)、破断力(500.80 g)、破断距离(8.46 mm)和凝胶强度(4335.69 g·mm)均为各处理中最大值,而添加GNG和GRG却会降低革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度。综上所述,添加0.2%CDG可显著提高革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性。     

柠檬酸盐和磷酸盐存在下酸性磷素酶在矿物和土壤胶体上的吸附

The aim of this work was to study the influence of phosphate and citrate, which are common inorganic andorganic anions in soils, on the adsorption of acid phosphatase by kaolin, goethite and the colloids separatedfrom yellow-brown soil (YBS) and latosol (LS) in central-south China. The YBS colloid has the major claymineral composition of 1.4 nm mineral, illite and kaolinite while the LS colloid mainly contains kaolinite andoxides. The adsorption isotherm of acid phosphatase on the examined soil colloids and minerals fitted tothe Langmuir model. The amount of enzyme adsorbed in the absence of ligands was in the order of YBScolloid ＞LS colloid＞kaolin≈goethite. In the presence of phosphate or citrate, the amounts of the enzymeadsorbed followed the sequence YBS colloid＞kaolin＞LS colloid＞goethite. The presence of ligands alsodecreased the binding energy between the enzyme and soil colloids or minerals. With the increase of ligandconcentration from 10 mmol L-1 to 400 m mol L-1, different behaviors for the adsorption of enzyme werefound in the colloid and mineral systems studied. A sharp decrease in enzyme adsorption was observed ongoethite while gradual decreases of enzyme adsorption were recorded in the two soil colloid systems. However,no any decrease was found for the amount of enzyme adsorbed on kaolin at higher ligand concentrations.When phosphate or citrate was introduced to the system before the addition of enzyme, the ligands usuallyenhanced the adsorption of enzyme. The results obtained in this study suggested the important role ofkaolinite mineral in the adsorption of enzyme molecules in acidic soils in the presence of various ligands.     

沼渣的改土作用及其对稻麦产量和品质影响的研究

五年定位试验(1986～1990)结果表明,沼肥与化肥(氮)配合施用,明显地改善了土壤胶体的品质、增加了复合胶体的数量。随着沼肥用量增加,原土有机碳、原土复合量、复合体腐殖质松紧比及土壤全氮均显著增加,土壤容重降低,总孔隙增加,固相减少,气相增加,土壤物理性状改善,稻麦产量和品质提高。单施沼肥的增产及培肥地力效果优于单施等氮量化肥,而二者配合施用优于分别施用。研究提出了稻麦配合施用沼肥与化肥(氮)的数学模式。