磁处理对〈2μm土壤胶体比表面的影响

本文主要研究了棕壤和黑土〈２μｍ土壤胶体经磁处理后，比表面值的变化以及腐殖质、游离氧化铁、磁场强度及胶体水分子持量等对比表面值磁效应的影响。研究结果表明，磁处理（０．１￣０．５Ｔ）可明显降低土壤胶体比表面值。不同胶体的比表面值磁降低效应以去腐殖质胶体〉原胶体〉去游离氧化铁胶体为序。不同磁场强度和不同胶体水分子持量分别以０．５Ｔ的磁场和最大吸湿状态下，磁处理后比表面值降低最多。此磁效应可至少保持３个     

基于Zeta电位法分析新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的吸附特性

【目的】从Zeta电位的角度考察新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的吸附规律,为适时监测和优化制糖澄清工艺提供新途径。【方法】通过模拟亚硫酸法制糖澄清工艺,探讨新生亚硫酸钙吸附蔗汁胶体过程中Zeta电位的变化规律及其与新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体吸附量（Qe）的相关性。【结果】随着p H和胶体浓度的升高,Zeta电位和新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的Qe逐渐增大;随着Zeta电位的增大,新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的Qe也逐渐增加。新生亚硫酸钙对胶体的吸附等温线采用Freundlich模型拟合时,其拟合参数R^2大于Langmuir模型的拟合参数R^2。【结论】新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体吸附特性更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,且新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的Qe与其Zeta电位呈正相关。     

Organo-mineral complexes in soil colloids: Implications for carbon storage in saline-alkaline paddy soils from an eight-year field experiment

The combination of organic carbon(OC) and reactive minerals is a crucial mechanism of soil carbon(C) storage, which is regulated by the formation of organo-mineral complexes on the surface of soil colloids. The effect of organic fertilizer on the storage mechanism of OC in soil colloids was studied through an 8-year field experiment, which included four treatments: i) no fertilization(control, CK), ii) only mineral N, P, and K fertilization(NPK), iii) NPK plus a low level(450 kg C ha^-1     

Influences of Natural Colloid in Seawater on the Growth of a Microalga

Cooloid concentrates were obtained by employing a cross-flow filtration system to ultrafiltrate seawater(which was pre-filtrated by 0.45 μm acetate cellulose membrane)sucessively with three membranes.The retentions(colloid concentrates)and control sample(in which colloid was removed)were then inoculated with a microalga and cultivated in vitro.After continuously monitoring cell content during cultivation,it was found that colloid had an obvious beneficial effect on the growth of microalga.Although colloids with different sizes influenced microalga‘s growth in different extent and ways,a brief conclusion could be draw from experiments that colloid might be a potential nutrition source for microalga‘s growth.     

The effects of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or LRS and 6% hetastarch on the colloid osmotic pressure, total protein and osmolality in healthy horses under general anesthesia

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in colloid osmotic pressure (COP), total protein (TP) and osmolality (OSM) during anesthesia in horses given intravenous lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) or LRS and hetastarch (HES).Study designProspective, clinical trial.AnimalsFourteen horses presented for surgery. Mean age 8.3 ± 1.9 years; mean weight 452 ± 25 kg.MethodsHorses were premedicated with xylazine intravenously (IV); anesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam IV, and maintained with sevoflurane. Butorphanol was administered IV with pre-medications or immediately after induction. Xylazine was administered IV for recovery if necessary. LRS was administered IV to all horses with a target rate of 5–10 mL kg^?1 hour^?1. Half of the horses also received 6% HES, 2.5 mL kg^?1 over 1 hour in addition to LRS. Horses that received LRS only were considered the LRS group. Horses that received both LRS and HES were considered the LRS/HES group. Blood was drawn pre- and post-anesthesia, immediately following induction, and every 30 minutes throughout anesthesia. COP, TP and OSM were measured.ResultsCOP and TP significantly decreased at similar rates for both treatment groups from pre-anesthetic values. Pre-anesthetic COP was significantly greater in the LRS group when compared to the LRS/HES group pre-, post- and throughout anesthesia. In the LRS group post-anesthetic OSM was significantly different than the pre-anesthesia value and that for the LRS/HES group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAdministration of IV HES (2.5 mL kg^?1, over 1 hour) in combination with LRS does not attenuate the decrease in COP typically seen during anesthesia with crystalloid administration alone. Based on these results, administration of HES at this rate and total volume would not be expected to prevent fluid shifts into the interstitium through its effects on COP.     

Na~+、Ca~(2+)及Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合离子对胡敏酸胶体稳定性的影响

以胡敏酸为研究对象,通过光散射技术比较土壤中常见盐基离子(Na~+、Ca~(2+)和Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合三种电解质)不同浓度条件下胡敏酸胶体凝聚动力学过程,明确不同价态离子界面行为和陪补离子效应对胡敏酸分散稳定性和凝聚体结构的影响。结果发现,Na~+和Ca~(2+)对胡敏酸胶体聚沉能力的差异远远大于舒尔策-哈迪(Schulze-Hardy)规则中因其化合价不同所引起的差异;Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合体系中Ca~(2+)主导凝聚过程,且Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合与Ca~(2+)两种离子体系中凝聚现象的差异随离子浓度的降低而增大;混合离子体系中Na~+作为陪补离子,其陪补离子效应对临界聚沉浓度、颗粒间活化能和胡敏酸凝聚体结构均有一定影响,尤以对凝聚体的结构特征影响显著;Na~+-Ca~(2+)混合体系中胡敏酸凝聚体的结构紧实程度介于单纯离子体系之间,因此可通过调节溶液中的离子组成实现对凝聚体结构紧实程度的调控。上述结果表明,Ca~(2+)对胡敏酸的聚沉不仅依赖于静电作用,还有Ca~(2+)在强电场中的极化诱导其与胡敏酸表面含氧官能团之间发生的共价键和桥键的贡献;此外,陪补离子Na~+与Ca~(2+)在胡敏酸胶体表面的竞争吸附抑制了Ca~(2+)对胡敏酸的聚沉作用,从而形成紧实程度适中的结构体。研究结果为探究胶体界面反应及土壤胶体凝聚机制提供新的思路和理论。     

胶体作用下饱和土壤中Cd运移的数值模拟

通过室内土柱出流实验探讨了饱和壤砂土中Cd在SiO2胶体作用下的运移行为,并用对流-弥散方程(Convection-Dispersion Equation,CDE)对实验结果进行了数值模拟。结果表明,土壤中SiO2胶体的存在抑制了Cd的运移,土壤对Cd的吸附以动力学反应为主。耦合Freundlich等温吸附的单点非平衡模型(One Site Nonequilibrium Model,OSM)能较好地模拟Cd在壤砂土中的运移,模拟得到的吸附特性参数β较小,表明壤砂土吸附表面的不均一性较强。SiO2胶体的穿透时间较早,耦合沉淀-释放反应的CDE模型可以很好地描述SiO2胶体在壤砂土中的运移。胶体作用下的CDE模型成功地模拟了SiO2胶体存在时Cd的运移;同时,参数敏感性分析结果表明,胶体对Cd的吸附速率系数kamc、kaic越小,解吸速率系数kdmc、kdic越大,越有利于Cd的运移。     

纳米胶体金免疫标记技术在牛病检测中的研究和应用

作者综述了以胶体金免疫渗滤法和胶体金免疫层析法为代表的纳米胶体金免疫标记技术近年来在牛病检测方面的研究和应用进展,并分析和预测其应用前景,为该技术在牛病临床检测领域的进一步研究与应用提供参考。     

镉在针铁矿和腐殖酸及其复合胶体中的吸附解吸行为比较研究

采用批平衡实验法,比较研究了重金属镉在针铁矿、腐殖酸及针铁矿—腐殖酸复合胶体中的吸附热力学和动力学特征。结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,三种吸附剂对Cd2+的等温吸附特征均可用Langmuir、Freundlich和Linear方程加以描述。其中以Langmuir方程的拟合效果最佳,线性相关系数为：0.991、0.996、0.999,由此得出的最大吸附量分别为41.67、38.46、45.46 mg/g,表明腐殖酸与针铁矿复合胶体较两者单一体系的吸附力有所提高,且所吸附的镉均难以解吸,平均解吸率分别为5.871% 、5.918%、1.068%。三种吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附可分为两个阶段,即吸附开始4h内的快速反应阶段和此后的慢速反应阶段,在前4h的快速吸附阶段,吸附量可达到平衡吸附量的90%-95%