胶体配制探索

制备胶体溶液的方法很多,许多教学书参考书中都有介绍,但实践中都往往出现异常,以 Fe(OH)_3胶体的制备介绍制备条件方法的最优选择.     

The effect of Hetastarch (670/0.75) in vivo on platelet closure time in the dog

Objective – To evaluate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution in vivo, with an average molecular weight of 670 kDa and degree of substitution of 0.75, on canine platelet function.
Design – Prospective, controlled-experimental study.
Setting – University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.
Animals – Seven healthy employee-owned dogs.
Interventions – Seven dogs were included in the treatment group. Four of these dogs also served as the control group. Platelet closure time (CT) was measured using a platelet function analyzer and collagen/ADP cartridges. Dogs were given 20 mL/kg of either sodium chloride 0.9% (control group, n =4) or HES (treatment group, n =7) IV over 1 hour. CT was measured before the infusion, and at 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours after the start of the infusion.
Measurements and Main Results – There was a significant change over time from 0 to 24 hours ( P <0.001), a significant difference between groups across time ( P <0.001), and a significant group-by-time interaction ( P =0.007). At 3 hours, mean CT for the treatment group was 122.3±18.1 seconds, which was significantly different ( P <0.001) from the control group (71.0±3.5 s). At 5 hours, mean CT for the treatment group was 142.7±33.9 seconds, which was significantly different ( P =0.001) from the control group (75.0±8.6 s). Mean CT at 24 hours was within the reference interval for both the control and treatment group (66.0±2.9 and 81.8±11.9 s, respectively); however, CT in 3 individual dogs in the treatment group at this time point remained prolonged.
Conclusions – A clinically relevant dose of HES 670/0.75 prolongs CT in dogs for up to 24 hours. This may be due to platelet dysfunction in addition to the effects of hemodilution, and therefore, may increase the risk of bleeding.     

外源秸秆对污染土壤氧化还原过程水分散性胶体态重金属的影响

土壤胶体尤其是水分散性胶体，作为一种重要的污染物载体，在重金属吸附、迁移以及生物吸收过程起着重要作用。通过土壤培养试验探讨了外源添加水稻秸秆在氧化还原波动条件下如何影响土壤液相中及水分散性胶体中重金属的分布。结果表明，外源秸秆增加厌氧过程液相中溶解性有机碳(DOC)、砷(As)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钙(Ca)、钾(K)、硅(Si)、铝(Al)、镁(Mg)等浓度，降低了厌氧过程氧化还原电位(Eh)及铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)等浓度，提高了好氧过程Pb浓度。利用非对称流场流分馏-紫外可见-电感耦合等离子体-质谱联用技术(AF4-UV-ICP-MS)，测得水分散性胶体颗粒主要分布在0.3~3 kDa、3~40 kDa和130 kDa~450 nm三个粒径范围，各粒径颗粒的组成有所差异，主要含有机质、无机黏土矿物和铁矿物等。外源秸秆促进液相中Fe和As由胶体态向溶解态转化，促进镉(Cd)和Cu由溶解态向胶体态转化。本研究有助于揭示农业活动影响重金属迁移转化及有效性的界面机制。     

α-氧化铝–细菌二元复合胶体对锑的吸附研究

锑(Sb)在土壤胶体微界面的吸附解吸深刻影响其迁移、转化和归趋.土壤矿物、有机物、微生物等胶体组分多结合在一起,形成复杂的矿物–有机复合体.目前,锑在单一土壤组分上的吸附研究颇多,但较少有学者关注锑在土壤矿物–有机复合胶体界面的吸附过程和机制.通过宏观吸附以及光谱学技术探究锑在典型铝氧化物–细菌复合胶体上的吸附行为,结...     

根系分泌物典型组分对生物炭胶体稳定性和迁移能力的影响

根系分泌物是可溶性有机质的主要来源,能够在一定程度上影响胶体在多孔介质中的稳定性和迁移行为。随着生物炭的广泛应用,探究土壤中的根系分泌物对生物炭胶体在地下环境中稳定性和迁移能力的影响非常重要。通过室内聚集和迁移实验探究了根系分泌物的典型组分半乳糖（Gal）、赖氨酸（Lys）以及乙酸（AcOH）对小麦生物炭（WB）和松树木屑生物炭（PB）胶体的稳定性和迁移特性的影响。结果表明：典型根系分泌物组分浓度高低对生物炭颗粒ζ电势具有一定的影响。半乳糖和赖氨酸浓度较低时,其对生物炭胶体聚集和迁移影响较小,难以对生物炭的环境行为造成显著影响;但是乙酸可以明显降低生物炭胶体在NaCl溶液中的稳定性,抑制生物炭胶体在多孔介质中的迁移能力。这可能是因为乙酸中有机酸阴离子容易与生物炭表面含氧官能团形成氢键,增加了生物炭对乙酸的吸附,降低了生物炭胶体的稳定性。