Holothurian Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a structurally distinct glycosaminoglycan found in sea cucumber species. It has the same backbone composition of alternating 4-linked glucuronic acid and 3-linked N-acetyl galactosamine residues within disaccharide repeating units as regularly found in mammalian chondroitin sulfates. However, FucCS has also sulfated fucosyl branching units 3-O-linked to the acid residues. The sulfation patterns of these branches vary accordingly with holothurian species and account for different biological actions and responses. FucCSs may exhibit anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and pro-angiogenic activities, besides its beneficial effects in hemodialysis, cellular growth modulation, fibrosis and hyperglycemia. Through an historical overview, this document covers most of the science regarding the holothurian FucCS. Both structural and medical properties of this unique GAG, investigated during the last 25 years, are systematically discussed herein.     

FeSO_4-ZnSO_4-H_2O水盐体系相图及其应用

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了ZnSO4-FeSO4-H2O体系平衡关系,以Zn2+、Fe2+浓度为坐标轴,在直角坐标系中制出了0℃、10℃和25℃时ZnSO4-FeSO4-H2O体系相图,在相图中单相区和c(Fe2+)+c(Zn2+)=100 g/L直线上方的重合区域就是Zn-Fe微量元素水溶肥料的配方区。多温相图分析及实验表明:根据10℃时ZnSO4-FeSO4-H2O相图配方区制备出来的Zn-Fe微量元素水溶肥料具有良好的储存性能。     

硫酸根离子添加顺序对可变电荷土壤吸附铜离子的影响

研究了SO2-4添加顺序对三种可变电荷土壤(昆明铁质砖红壤、徐闻砖红壤和江西红壤)吸附Cu2+的影响,作为对照,也研究了其对恒电荷土壤(黄棕壤、棕壤)以及两种不同矿物(高岭石与针铁矿)吸附铜离子的影响。实验结果表明,在同等条件下,SO2-4添加顺序对两类表面性质不同的土壤吸附Cu2+有着不同的影响。对于恒电荷土壤,SO2-4添加顺序对土壤吸附Cu2+几乎没有影响。同等pH条件下,对可变电荷表面而言,加入CuSO4者具有最高的Cu2+吸附率;对昆明砖红壤、徐闻砖红壤以及针铁矿和高岭石而言,先加入Cu2+者相对先加入SO2-4者Cu2+吸附率更高;对江西红壤而言,上述这个次序则刚好相反。SO2-4浓度和有机质去除对同等pH条件下铜离子吸附率高低的排序并无实质性影响。     

硫酸铜乳胶漆制剂对银荆容器播种苗生长的影响

研究了不同质量分数CuSO4乳胶漆制剂处理容器内壁对银荆播种苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同浓度CuSO4乳胶漆制剂对银荆播种苗主根生长具有抑制作用,浓度为270g/LCuSO4处理后的银荆播种苗主根最短(1.125cm),对照组最长(9.5cm);不同浓度CuSO4乳胶漆制剂对容器苗侧根数量、复叶数量、小叶数量、叶面积、茎重、根重及苗高增加均具有显著的促进作用;190g/L CuSO4乳胶漆制剂处理容器内壁能显著抑制银荆1a生播种苗主根生长,提高苗木质量。     

Bacillus subtilis-Fermented Products Ameliorate the Growth Performance,Alleviate Intestinal Inflammatory Gene Expression,and Modulate Cecal Microbiota Community in Broilers during the Starter Phase under Dextran Sulfate Sodium Challenge

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of B. subtilis-fermented products (BSFP) on growth performance, intestinal inflammatory gene expression, and cecal microbiota community in broilers challenged with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a 14-day experiment. A total of 32, 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308), were randomly divided into four groups of eight birds per group and reared individually (n=8). The treatments consisted of a control diet without supplementation and DSS challenge, control diet plus 1.5% DSS, control diet plus 1 g/kg BSFP in combination with 1.5% DSS, and control diet plus 3 g/kg of BSFP in combination with 1.5% DSS. The results showed that BSFP supplementation (1 and 3 g/kg) partially improved body weight and average daily gain in broilers under DSS challenge. Relative to DSS treatment alone, BSFP supplementation dose-dependently increased the body weight of broilers at 7 days of age, with the average daily gain being at 1 to 7 days of age. BSFP supplementation (1 and 3 g/kg) alleviated intestinal inflammatory gene expression in broilers under DSS challenge. The richness and evenness of bacterial species in cecal digesta increased in a dose-dependent manner in the groups treated with BSFP (1 and 3 g/kg) in combination with DSS challenge, compared with the control group. Unweighted principal coordinate analysis indicated distinct clusters separating the group treated with 3 g/kg of BSFP in combination with DSS challenge from the other three groups. The abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (genus Ruminococcaceae_unclassified) increased and that of mucindegrading bacteria (genus Ruminococcus torques group) decreased in the cecal digesta of broilers fed 3 g/kg of BSFP, compared with the control group. In conclusion, BSFP supplementation dose-dependently improved growth performance, reduced gut inflammation, and regulated the cecal microbiota of broilers exposed to DSS challenge during the starter phase.     

硫酸链霉素液相色谱分析研究

本文提出了采用离子对反相液相色谱分离技术测定硫酸链霉素含量的方法。经过方法验证试验,该法平均回收率为100.0%,标准偏差为0.681,变异系数为0.94%,线性相关系数为0.9997,证明方法准确可靠。     

钾肥袋控缓释对桃产量、品质及土壤氯离子含量的影响

【目的】研究袋控缓释不同比例的氯化钾和硫酸钾对桃树叶片光合、果实产量品质及土壤氯离子残留的影响,为桃园科学合理施用钾肥提供参考依据。【方法】以晚熟桃‘瑞蟠21’/毛桃[Prunus persica (Carr.)Franch.]为试材,进行连续2年的大田试验。设5个处理:不施钾肥(Control)、100%硫酸钾(PC 0)、30%氯化钾+70%硫酸钾(PC 30)、60%氯化钾+40%硫酸钾(PC 60)和100%氯化钾(PC 100),做成袋控缓释肥,每年3月初施肥,于每年的4、6、8、10月中旬测定0—20 cm和20—40 cm土层中速效钾及氯离子含量的动态变化;在桃树第一次快速生长期(S1)、硬核期(S2)、第二次快速生长期(S3)和成熟期(S4)分别测定叶片中速效钾和氯离子含量及叶片SPAD值、净光合速率;果实成熟后测定果实氯离子含量和品质,并统计产量。【结果】果园不施氯处理0—20和20—40 cm土层中平均氯离子含量分别为34.03和38.78μg·g^-1;随着氯化钾投入量的增加,果园土壤不同深度的氯离子含量均呈增加趋势,PC 30、PC 60和P...     

水稻和两种野生植物对酸性硫酸盐土耐性及矿质元素吸收

酸性硫酸盐土是发育于还原性硫化物成土母质的一种恶劣土壤类型,虽然其分布区气候条件十分有利于水稻生长,但由于土壤条件限制,水稻生产潜力难以发挥。为筛选出适应该土壤的水稻品种,在酸性硫酸盐土(pH 3.69)上种植了240个水稻品种,但是所有水稻品种均未获得经济产量,却发现两种野生植物在该土壤中生长茂盛。经形态和分子鉴定,两种野生植物为野荸荠(Eleocharis kuroguwai)和五棱飘拂草(Fimbristylis quinquangularis)。进一步分析了水稻和两种野生植物的根际和非根际土壤性质、根部和地上部矿质元素含量。结果表明,根际土壤pH、交换性铝和有效锰含量不能解释水稻和两种野生植物耐性差异,锰毒和缺氮亦不是酸性硫酸盐土限制植物生长的关键因子,而植物地上部矿质元素含量与植物耐性差异相关。铝毒、铁毒和较低的养分(磷、钾、钙、镁)吸收是酸性硫酸盐土中水稻生长不良的主要因子。相反,两种野生植物对铝毒和铁毒的耐性较强,对养分吸收能力较强,所以生长良好。     

壳聚糖硫酸酯提高凡纳滨对虾抗白斑综合征病毒感染力的研究

论述如下一项研究,采用壳聚糖硫酸酯添加到饲料中投喂凡纳滨对虾,4周后检测对虾血清酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶和溶菌酶活性;同时进行白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)的肌肉注射感染实验,以检测壳聚糖硫酸酯对病毒的抗感染能力。实验结果显示,饲料中壳聚糖硫酸酯添加量为0.15‰和0.50‰,能显著提高凡纳滨对虾血清酚氧化酶活性;添加量为0.15‰时,能显著提高对虾血清超氧化物歧化酶活性,但添加量继续增大时反而下降;在低添加量时,对虾血清溶菌酶活性与对照组相近,添加量为0.15‰和0.50‰时,对虾血清溶菌酶活性随添加量增大而升高。凡纳滨对虾摄食添加壳聚糖硫酸酯饲料4周后,经注射WSSV攻毒感染,壳聚糖硫酸酯添加量为0.04‰、0.15‰和0.50‰试验组,对虾比成活率分别为39.3%、42.9%和53.6%,而未摄食壳聚糖硫酸酯的对照组成活率仅为17.9%。结果表明,摄食壳聚糖硫酸酯可以明显提高对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。     

Alleviating soil sickness caused by aerobic monocropping: Responses of aerobic rice to various nitrogen sources

Yield decline resulting from continuous cropping of aerobic rice is a constraint to the widespread adoption of aerobic rice technology. Shifts in water management from flooded to aerobic conditions are known to influence the availability and form of N present in the soil and might require a different approach to N management in aerobic rice. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different N sources on the plant growth and grain yield of aerobic rice. Four pot experiments were conducted in which rice was aerobically grown in soil that was taken from fields where aerobic rice has been cultivated for 11 consecutive seasons and an adjacent field where flooded rice has been grown continuously. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium sulfate, urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate at four N rates of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 g N pot⁻¹. Two unfertilized controls consisting of soil that was either untreated or oven heated at 120°C for 12 h were also included. Plants were sampled during the vegetative stage or at maturity to measure plant growth, N uptake, grain yield and the yield components. Growth of aerobic rice in aerobic soil was generally better with the application of ammonium-N than nitrate-N. Potassium nitrate decreased plant growth and caused plant death at the high N rate. Ammonium sulfate was more effective in improving the vegetative plant growth, N nutrition and grain yield of aerobic rice than urea at the high N rates. The application of ammonium sulfate achieved the same and even better plant growth than the soil oven-heating treatment. These results suggest that there is a possibility of reversing the yield decline observed in the continuous aerobic rice system by using the right source of N fertilizer at the optimal rate.