日粮添加不同铜源对肉鸭生长性能、胴体组成和粪便中铜含量的影响

试验旨在评估日粮添加不同铜源对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和粪便铜含量的影响。选取1056只1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,分为硫酸铜组、蛋氨酸螯合铜组2个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复132只。结果显示:在生长性能方面,饲粮中添加不同铜源对肉鸭各阶段日采食量、日增重和出栏体重影响不显著(P>0.05)。全期来看,添加蛋氨酸螯合铜组肉鸭1~38日龄料重比显著改善(P<0.05)。在屠宰性能方面,不同铜源对肉鸭各胴体指标均影响不显著(P>0.05)。蛋氨酸螯合铜组肉鸭粪便中铜含量比硫酸铜组高0.8mg/kg,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,除料重比外,日粮添加不同铜源对肉鸭生长性能、粪铜含量影响无显著差异。     

喷施硫酸锌对紫花苜蓿草产量和品质的影响

采用叶面喷施的的方法研究了不同施锌水平200,500和800mg／kg对紫花苜蓿（Medicaco sativa）干草产量及品质影响。结果表明：喷施硫酸锌显著（P〈0．05）提高苜蓿草产量,其中施锌量为500mg／kg的处理产量最高。适量的锌水平可以显著提高粗蛋白含量,施锌量为500mg／kg时,可以显著提高紫花苜蓿粗脂肪、粗纤维、磷的含量,对粗灰分含量影响不大。喷施不同浓度Zn处理,除第1茬外,苜蓿中的钙含量有增加趋势。营养物质的年积累量均以施锌浓度为500mg／kg时达到最高。     

Retention behavior of size and aluminum components on handsheets in rosin-ester size/alum systems

Anionic emulsion sizes consisting of rosin triglyceride esters and partly fortified rosin acids (i.e., rosin-ester sizes), have recently been used as internal sizes for alkaline papermaking. In this study, handsheets were prepared from pulp suspensions with alum and a rosin-ester size under various conditions, and sizing degree and size and aluminum contents of the handsheets were determined. Aluminum compounds originating from alum added to the pulp suspensions behave as retention aids of the rosin-ester size even in alkaline papermaking under limited conditions. Carboxyl groups in pulp are the primary retention sites of aluminum compounds in pulp suspensions. They form cationic sites on pulp fibers, and thus the anionic size emulsion particles are adsorbed on pulp fibers by electrostatic interactions. However, the cationic charges of aluminum compounds on pulp fibers decrease and finally disappear completely with the lapse of time after the alum addition by forming ionic bonds between the cationic sites and OH^– ions. Thus, pH values of the pulp suspensions and timing of the size addition strongly influence the retention values of the rosin-ester size and the resultant sizing features.This research was presented in part at the 1995 autumn meetings of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology Japan in Hamamatsu, October 1995     

硫酸盐对锌和镉在可变电荷土壤上吸附的影响

SO4^2- and Zn^2 or Cd^2 were added to three variable charge soils in different sequences.In one sequence sulfate was added first ,and in the other,Zn^2 or Cd^2 first.The addition of sulfate to the system invariably caused an increase in adsorption of the heavy metal added,with the effect more remarkable whn the soil reacted with the sulfate prior to the metal.the shift in pH50 for both Zn and Cd adsorption was aslo comparatively larger in the first sequence of reactions .It was suggested that the increase in negative charge density and the resultant negative potential of the soil were the primary cause of the pronounced effect of sulfate on adsorption of Zn or Cd,and the formaiton of the ternary surface complex-S-SO4-M might also play a role in the effect.     

废水中硫酸盐生物还原影响因素的研究

本文对硫酸盐还原菌还原青霉素废水中的ＳＯ２－４进行了研究,试验结果表明：进水ＳＯ２－４浓度、ＣＯＤ／ＳＯ２－４及ＳＯ２－４负荷是影响硫酸盐还原效果的主要因素。在中温（３５℃±１℃）条件下,当反应器进水ＳＯ２－４浓度为１６００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７～９,ＣＯＤ／ＳＯ２－４大于３,ＳＯ２－４容积负荷为７．５ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）时,ＳＯ２－４去除率可达８５％。     

澳洲酸性硫酸盐土壤的特征、问题及管理

Acid sulfate voile (ASS), widely distributed in Australia. This has only been recognised recently when intensive rmearch on ASS has been done in this country. This paper reviews aspects concerning a) the distribution and acid potential, b) controls on acidic status, and c) problems and management of ASS in Australia. It is believed that the Australian experience may be useful for other countries where potential problems from ASS exist but insufficient attention was paid to them.     

硫酸铜对金鱼急性毒性及肝细胞超微结构的影响

采用静水法生物测试,探讨硫酸铜对金鱼的急性毒性作用。结果表明:当水温为(12±2)℃、pH为6.7～7.2时,CuSO4对金鱼(墨龙睛)24、48、72和96h的LC50分别为21.88、15.85、12.59和9.12mg·L-1,SC为0.912mg·L-1。应用透射电镜技术,观察了对照组和高毒浓度试验组金鱼肝细胞的超微结构。结果表明:高毒浓度试验组金鱼肝细胞超微病理变化明显,主要表现为染色质聚缩于核中央,线粒体空泡化、嵴乱而减少,粗面内质网断裂、脱粒、解聚。     

吸附法制备大麻哈鱼硫酸软骨素的工艺优化

以去肉后的大麻哈鱼鱼头为原料,采用复合酶酶解提取硫酸软骨素,研究D958树脂分离纯化硫酸软骨素的效果;以解吸率为指标,研究吸附温度、时间及酶解液pH对硫酸软骨素纯化效果的影响。结果表明,采用D958树脂纯化大麻哈鱼鱼头硫酸软骨素的最佳工艺条件为:酶解液pH 6.0,4℃吸附3 h;此条件下硫酸软骨素的解吸率达87.66%,纯化效果最好。因此树脂吸附法能从大麻哈鱼鱼头酶解液中有效分离得到硫酸软骨素,为大麻哈鱼加工废弃物的高值化利用开辟了一个新途径。     

鲟鱼硫酸软骨素的制备工艺研究

以史氏鲟鱼软骨为原料,按碱提-酶解-乙醇沉淀工艺流程进行提取硫酸软骨素的各主要工序工艺的研究.通过单因素试验及正交试验,得出最佳碱提工艺为以两倍量6%的NaOH为溶剂,于40℃的水浴中搅拌提取4 h.通过正交试验,得出最佳酶解工艺条件是先将浸提液调节pH至8.6,加入胰酶0.5%,50℃保温水解3 h;后降温至40℃,调pH至5.7,加入胃蛋白酶0.3%,保温水解2h.通过单因素试验,得出最佳的乙醇沉淀工艺条件是将滤液pH调为6.5,加入95%的乙醇至醇沉浓度为70%,静置过夜.制备的硫酸软骨素经检测符合WS1-C3-0030-2000(硫酸软骨素口服片)和WS-10001-(HD-0892)-2002(硫酸软骨素注射品)标准的要求.     

阿维菌素等三种常规渔药对卡拉白鱼的急性毒性

采用半静态法,研究了三种常规渔药阿维菌素、三氯异氰脲酸和硫酸铜对卡拉白鱼(Chalcalburnus chal coides aralensis)急性毒性效应。结果表明:阿维菌素对卡拉白鱼24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为6.25、4.66、3.66和2.82 mg/L,安全浓度为0.77 mg/L;三氯异氰尿酸对卡拉白鱼24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为3.22、2.49、2.19、1.79 mg/L,安全浓度为0.45 mg/L;硫酸铜对卡拉白鱼24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为5.56、3.96、2.03、1.74 mg/L,安全浓度为0.6 mg/L。三种药物对卡拉白鱼毒性高低依次为:硫酸铜三氯异氯尿酸阿维菌素。三种常规渔药的安全浓度近于或高于生产中常用泼洒浓度,可放心使用。