甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响。试验选取12头(28±1)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,根据体重、健康状况等均衡分布原则分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头仔猪,单个饲养于消化代谢笼。试验分为2个阶段,第1阶段:2组均饲喂缺铁基础饲粮10 d,使仔猪处于临近贫血状态;第2阶段:对照组在缺铁基础饲粮中额外添加100 mg/kg的硫酸亚铁(以铁计),试验组额外添加100 mg/kg的甘氨酸亚铁(以铁计),试验期10 d。结果表明:与添加硫酸亚铁相比,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁有降低仔猪料重比的趋势(P0.10),降低了4.57%,但对仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.10);饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著降低粪中的铁排出量和铁排出总量(P0.05),分别降低了23.11%和22.09%;饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能极显著提高铁表观消化率和表观代谢率(P0.01),分别提高了13.34%和22.42%;同时,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著提高血清中的铁饱和度和血液中的铁含量(P0.05)。综上,甘氨酸亚铁可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高血液铁含量,改善仔猪铁代谢状况,降低粪便铁排出量,是一种绿色高效的新型补铁剂。     

Synthesis of the Oligosaccharides Related to Branching Sites of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfates from Sea Cucumbers

Natural anionic polysaccharides fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCS) from sea cucumbers attract great attention nowadays due to their ability to influence various biological processes, such as blood coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and viral adhesion. To determine pharmacophore fragments in FCS we have started systematic synthesis of oligosaccharides with well-defined structure related to various fragments of these polysaccharides. In this communication, the synthesis of non-sulfated and selectively O-sulfated di- and trisaccharides structurally related to branching sites of FCS is described. The target compounds are built up of propyl β-d-glucuronic acid residue bearing at O-3 α-l-fucosyl or α-l-fucosyl-(1→3)-α-l-fucosyl substituents. O-Sulfation pattern in the fucose units of the synthetic targets was selected according to the known to date holothurian FCS structures. Stereospecific α-glycoside bond formation was achieved using 2-O-benzyl-3,4-di-O-chloroacetyl-α-l-fucosyl trichloroacetimidate as a donor. Stereochemical outcome of the glycosylation was explained by the remote participation of the chloroacetyl groups with the formation of the stabilized glycosyl cations, which could be attacked by the glycosyl acceptor only from the α-side. The experimental results were in good agreement with the SCF/MP2 calculated energies of such participation. The synthesized oligosaccharides are regarded as model compounds for the determination of a structure-activity relationship in FCS.     

Ammonia Volatilization from Soils Fertilized with Different Nitrogen Type and Application Method in Germination and Early Seedling Stages from the Radish Field

Ammonia volatilization(AV) from basal fertilizer with different nitrogen(N) types and application methods was investigated by the ventilation method in germination and early seedling stages during radish growth seasons in 2014. Four N fertilizer types, urea(U), ammonium bicarbonate(AB), ammonia sulfate(AS), and controlled urea formaldehyde(CUF) were applied through 5 cm depth placement(I) and 10 cm depth placement(II). The results showed that the N fertilizer type was the main factor that caused AV loss in germination and early seedling stages from the radish field. The highest and the lowest cumulative AV losses in germination and early seedling stages from the radish fields were 33.23 and 11.21 N kg/hm~2 for the treatments of AB+I and CUF+II, respectively, accounting for 60.40 and 26.40% of the N application for each treatment. The 10 cm deep placement of N reduced AV rates and lagged the AV process, and CUF significantly reduced ammonia volatilization. The data showed that the suitable N fertilizer type and application method for basal fertilizer were CUF and deep placement, respectively.Therefore, fertilizing with proper N fertilizer types and methods should be the efficient measures to mitigate AV losses from the radish field and will alleviate environment problems.     

Degree of Suppression of Mouse Myoblast Cell Line C2C12 Differentiation Varies According to Chondroitin Sulfate Subtype

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a type of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), is a factor involved in the suppression of myogenic differentiation. CS comprises two repeating sugars and has different subtypes depending on the position and number of bonded sulfate groups. However, the effect of each subtype on myogenic differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we spiked cultures of C₂C₁₂ myoblasts, cells which are capable of undergoing skeletal muscle differentiation, with one of five types of CS (CS-A, -B, -C, -D, or -E) and induced differentiation over a fixed time. After immunostaining of the formed myotubes with an anti-MHC antibody, we counted the number of nuclei in the myotubes and then calculated the fusion index (FI) as a measure of myotube differentiation. The FI values of all the CS-treated groups were lower than the FI value of the control group, especially the group treated with CS-E, which displayed notable suppression of myotube formation. To confirm that the sugar chain in CS-E is important in the suppression of differentiation, chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which catabolizes CS, was added to the media. The addition of ChABC led to the degradation of CS-E, and neutralized the suppression of myotube formation by CS-E. Collectively, it can be concluded that the degree of suppression of differentiation depends on the subtype of CS and that CS-E strongly suppresses myogenic differentiation. We conclude that the CS sugar chain has inhibitory action against myoblast cell fusion.     

水稻腺苷5'-磷酰硫酸激酶编码基因的克隆及其酶活分析

硫是植物生长所必需的大量元素之一。植物通过根系吸收土壤中的硫酸盐,经ATP硫酸化酶活化为腺苷5'-磷酰硫酸(adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate,APS)。APS的代谢包括初级代谢和次级代谢,分别是APS还原酶催化APS生成亚硫酸盐;腺苷5'-磷酰硫酸激酶(adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase,APSK)催化APS磷酸化生成3'-磷酸-腺苷5'-磷酰硫酸(3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate,PAPS),PAPS进一步作为硫酸根供体参与胞内的硫酸化反应。近年来的研究表明,拟南芥APSK在调节硫的初级和次级代谢的过程中具有重要功能,且受氧化胁迫的APSK1在亚基C86和C119间形成二硫键降低其催化活性。水稻的同工酶是否也会受到氧化还原调控尚无相关报道。对APSK序列进行分析,发现水稻APSK1含有与拟南芥APSK1 C86和C69同源的半胱氨酸。本研究对水稻APSK1基因进行了克隆、双突变和酶活分析。OsAPSK1及双突变C36A/C69A经原核表达、纯化,获得了OsAPSK1及双突变蛋白。体外酶活分析表明,在氧化环境中OsAPSK1活性受到抑制,而C36A/C69A双突变蛋白不受氧化环境的影响。推测水稻胞内受到氧化胁迫时会降低OsAPSK1的活性,从而促进还原型谷胱甘肽的合成,提高水稻的抗氧化能力。通过分析PAPS的含量与氧化胁迫之间的相关性及不同OsAPSK亚型的活性调节机制等将有利于进一步阐明APSK在胞内的功能。     

添加硫酸铵的生物质炭型育苗基质使用效果研究

以生理酸性肥料硫酸铵为芦苇炭化物的碱性改良材料,研究二者配比使用对番茄育苗基质的改良作用和促进番茄幼苗生长发育的效果。研究结果表明,基质中添加硫酸铵可以显著降低基质中由于含芦苇炭化物而偏碱性特点（P<0.05）,而且基质的电导率亦随着硫酸铵添加量的增加而增大,但对基质容重的影响不大。在含芦苇炭化物的育苗基质中添加0.5 g/L的硫酸铵,番茄幼苗的叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、叶长、叶宽、株高、茎粗、地上生物量、地下生物量和壮苗指数比不加硫酸铵但加芦苇炭化物的基质分别高出5.74%、13.31%、22.42%、44.06%、16.75%、42.99%、26.92%和23.19%;比既不加芦苇炭化物也不加硫酸铵的基质分别高出11.56%、28.22%、31.42%、71.85%、50.46%、64.81%、81.65%和77.63%。     

剑尾鱼硫酸铜急性中毒的病理学研究

通过对实验动物化的剑尾鱼进行急性硫酸铜中毒实验,在观察症状和剖检变化以后,对实验96h期间死亡鱼与96h后仍存活的鱼进行石蜡切片,HE染色,光学显微镜观察。主要眼观病变为肝脏水肿和白色坏死点;鳃丝肿胀,黏液分泌增多;肾脏肿胀,充血。显微病变为肝细胞水泡变性,严重坏死;鳃小片上皮细胞肿胀,脱落严重;有的鳃小片发生融合,整个鳃丝呈棒状化;肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性,间质有充血或网织细胞增多,细胞间噬铁血红素细胞增多;肝胰腺的胰腺细胞的酶原颗粒减少。     

犬消化道与泌尿道X线造影方法探讨

为探索在宠物临床开展消化道及泌尿道造影检查的方法 ,促进 X线造影技术在宠物临床上的应用 ,分别采用硫酸钡和复方泛影葡胺对 4只本地犬进行了消化道及泌尿道 X线造影检查。实验结果显示 ,经胃管给犬投服硫酸钡浆进行造影 ,容易获得良好的消化道 X线影像 ;静脉尿路造影因造影剂在不同个体犬尿路显示时间不同 ,最佳摄片时间不易把握 ;对犬膀胱及尿道逆行注入 1 0 %复方泛影葡胺 ,容易获取膀胱及尿道的清晰影像 ,而尿道空气造影影像不甚理想     

水稻根尖质膜蛋白质组学研究方法的建立

以徐稻3号水稻苗期幼嫩根尖为材料,利用葡聚糖/聚乙二醇两相分配法纯化得到纯度达 90% 的质膜组分,使用优化的双向电泳水化液溶解质膜蛋白,通过等电聚焦/十二烷基磺酸钠 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶双向电泳 （IEF/SDS PAGE）分离和基质辅助激光解吸电离串联飞行时间质谱（MALDI TOF/TOF）分析,鉴定了31个水稻质膜相关蛋白。结果表明IEF/SDS PAGE 双向电泳适合分离亲水性相对较高的膜附着蛋白。进一步利用高盐和温和去污剂对纯化的质膜进行洗涤,以降低质膜组分的复杂程度,通过 SDS PAGE 单向电泳分离和液相色谱串联质谱（LC MS/MS）分析,鉴定了 8个质膜蛋白。经洗涤后的质膜组分复杂度显著降低,SDS PAGE 中的蛋白条带只包含1~2 种蛋白,且主要为疏水性较强的穿膜蛋白,说明多种生物化学分离方法及不同质谱分析的综合运用,是解决生物膜蛋白质组学难点的有效途径。