不同沉淀方法提取柚皮果胶的研究

柚皮经盐酸溶液提取而得果胶提取液,分别以醇沉法和盐析法从提取液中沉淀果胶.研究并获得了两种沉淀方法的最佳沉淀条件,比较了不同沉淀方法的乙醇消耗量,探索了不同沉淀方法对果胶沉淀得率和品质的影响.结果表明:醇沉法所消耗的乙醇量几乎为盐析法乙醇消耗量的两倍.盐析法能大大降低乙醇使用量,省去稀酸提取液浓缩工序和减少乙醇回收量,节省能耗,降低生产成本,并能保证较高的沉淀得率和果胶品质.     

Improvement on Refining Process of Chloroquilonine Sulfate Monohydrate

Effects of solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol and acetone on the qualities of chloroquinoline sulfate such as color, clarity, melting point and crystalline form are studied in detail. The results indicat that a single solvent of ethanol or isopropanol makes end_product greenish with an indefinite melting point but an excellent clarity and a relatively high yield; a single solvent of acetone, however, greatly improved the color and the stability of melting point, but decreased the yield and the clarity. Based on the results above, the mixture of these solvents are required to get the optimum of this product. An optimum solvent composed of V (ethanol(95%)): V (acetone)=1:4 are determined and used to prepare chloroquinoline sulfate, whose qualities are up to BP93.     

双液相萃取离子交换层析法纯化猪硫酸软骨

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/硫酸铵双液相萃取-离子层析法纯化猪硫酸软骨素,红外光谱法测定结构,咔唑分光光度法测定含量.以PEG的相对分子质量和质量分数、(NH4)2SO4的质量分数、pH值和萃取次数为考察因素,以猪硫酸软骨素的回收率和纯度为考察指标,正交设计法优化双液相萃取条件.IRC50离子交换树脂对萃取液纯化,红外光谱法和咔唑分光光度法鉴定纯化后猪硫酸软骨素的含量和结构.最佳纯化条件为:PEG相对分子量为4 000,质量分数为30%,(NH4)2SO4的质量分数为26%,pH值为10,萃取3次.萃取样品经IRC50离子交换树脂纯化后,质量浓度在0～250mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 7,样品含量为90.49%,相对标准偏差为0.58%.红外吸收光谱比较纯化后猪硫酸软骨素和标准品硫酸软骨素-A,其特征吸收峰均在3 400,1 620,1 560,1 240,860cm-1处.该方法精确度和准确度都较高,可用于猪硫酸软骨素的纯化.     

Coagulation Removal of Phthalic Acid Esters Environmental Hormones by Polymeric Phosphate Ferric Sulfate

Based on the strong poly role of phosphate on polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS), with PFS and Na 2HPO 4 as raw materials, a new type of composite flocculant polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate (PPFS) was developed. The structure of PPFS was characterized by IR and SEM, and the mechanism of flocculation was analyzed. The factors affecting phthalic acid esters (PAEs) removal were discussed, including dosage, nPO 43-/nFe3+and alkalization degree. The results indicate that PPFS has good removal effect to PAEs. When the dosage is 70 mg·L-1, nPO 43-/nFe3+ is 0.3 and alkalization degree is 30%, the removal rate of dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and bis (2 ethylhexyl) phthalate are 67.93%,84.55%,90.88%,88.69%, respectively.     

敌百虫和硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂对星斑川鲽的急性毒性

[目的]探讨敌百虫和硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂2种防治药物对星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)的安全用量范围。[方法]在水温15～17℃、盐度3.0%～3.2%的条件下,分别测定了敌百虫、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂对体长18～21 cm、平均体重194.1 g的星斑川鲽的急性毒性。[结果]敌百虫对星斑川鲽24、48 h的LC50分别为3.63和3.31 mg/L,安全浓度为0.83 mg/L;硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂对星斑川鲽24、48 h的LC50分别为9.55和6.92 mg/L,安全浓度为1.09 mg/L。根据安全浓度判断,星斑川鲽对2种药物的敏感性为:敌百虫硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂。[结论]在星斑川鲽疾病防治过程中应慎用或者降低浓度使用敌百虫或硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂。     

分光光度法测定硫酸小檗碱注射液

硫酸小檗碱水溶液在228、263、335和423nm波长处有最大吸收。在423nm波长处,硫酸小檗碱的质量浓度在1—50μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,回归方程为A=0．0143c＋0．0015,相关系数为1．000。对硫酸小檗碱注射液进行了测定,结果满意。简单讨论了该方法的原理和优点。     

Preparation and Properties of Plywood Adhesives with Soy Protein Isolate Modified by SDS

The effects of mass concentration,the reaction temperature and the reaction time of soy protein isolate(SPI) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the adhesive strength of the modified SPI adhesives has been studied through orthogonal experiments.And the adhesive mechanism of the modified SPI adhesives was discussed.The results show that the optimum formula conditions are as follows:mass concentration of SPI was 14%,that of SDS 1%,reaction temperature 35℃and the reaction time 3 h.Under the optimum conditions, the dry adhesive strength of the modified SPI adhesives was 1.82 MPa,the wet adhesive strength was 0.82 MPa,the viscosity was 5.8 Pa·s,the solid content was 12.96%.After SDS was added into SPI, the composites of SDS-SPI were formed,the internal hydrophobic groups among the SPI molecule structure were turned out and the water resistance of the modified SPI adhesives was enhanced with an increase of the modification time.When the concentration of SDS was over a defined value,the disulfide bond was broken and the modification effect of SDS went bad.     

The effect of doxycycline on canine hip osteoarthritis: design of a 6-months clinical trial

Twenty-five dogs were included in a randomized, double-blind trial to assess the efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) orally administered twice a day at 4 mg/kg/day (n = 12) for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. Chondroitin sulfate (CS; 525 mg/day) was used as a positive control (n = 13). Dogs were re-examined monthly for 6 months after initiation of treatment. The assessment protocol included clinical score, radiographic findings and serum osteoarthritis biomarkers. Dogs treated with DOX showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in lameness, joint mobility, pain on palpation, weight-bearing and overall score at 2, 6, 4, 4 and 4 months, respectively, after treatment. Biomarker levels of CS-WF6 epitope and hyaluronan were significantly increased and decreased (p < 0.05) at 2 and 3 months after treatment compared to pretreatment. These results showed that DOX had a positive therapeutic effect in dogs with osteoarthritis.     

硫杆菌以及好养异养型硫氧化菌对元素硫的氧化

The prediction of the oxidation rate of elemental sulfur (S⁰) is a critical step in sulfur (S) fertilizer strategy to supply plant-available sulfur. An incubation experiment was conducted to determine the rate and amount of S⁰ oxidation in relation to the contribution of Thiobacillus spp. and aerobic heterotrophic S-oxidizing bacteria. After 84 days, 16.3% and 22.4% of the total S⁰ applied to the soil were oxidized at 20 and 30 ℃, respectively. The oxidation of S⁰ proved to be a two-step process with a rapid oxidation during the first 28 days and a slow oxidation from then on. The highest oxidation rate of 12.8 μg S cm^-2 d^-1 was measured during the first two weeks at 30 ℃. At 20 ℃ the highest oxidation rate of 10.2 μg S cm^-2 d^-1 was obtained from two to four weeks after start of the experiment. On an average the soil pH declined by 3.6 and 4.0 units after two weeks of experiment. At the same time the electric conductivity increased nine times. With the oxidation of S⁰ the population of Thiobacillus spp. and aerobic heterotrophic S-oxidizing bacteria increased. The corresponding values for Thiobacillus spp. and aerobic heterotrophic S-oxidizing bacteria increased from 2.9 × 10⁵ and 1.4 × 10⁵ g^-1 soil at the start of the experiment to 4 × 10⁸ and 5.6 × 10⁸ g^-1 soil 14 days after S⁰ application, respectively. No Thiobacillus spp. was present eight weeks after S⁰ application. The results suggested that oxidation of residual S⁰ completely relied on aerobic heterotrophic S-oxidizing bacteria.     

海带硫酸多糖对镉毒害甜瓜幼苗的保护作用

以＂二叶一心＂期甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）为材料,研究了沙培条件下不同浓度（0、0.1、0.25、0.35、0.7、1.1、2.2 g.L^-1）的海带硫酸多糖对150 mg.kg^-1氯化镉（CdCl2.2.5H2O）毒害下甜瓜幼苗的保护作用。结果表明,甜瓜幼苗的镉积累量、叶绿素含量、生物量、蛋白质含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、膜透性以及抗氧化酶活性均与海带硫酸多糖浓度的变化具有相关性。随灌施海带硫酸多糖浓度的升高,甜瓜叶片和根系中镉积累量和渗透势持续下降,0.25 g.L^-1和0.35 g.L^-1的海带硫酸多糖水平下无显著差异,与其他浓度水平差异显著（P〈0.05）;叶绿素含量、生物量、蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性呈先上升后下降趋势,0.35 g.L^-1海带硫酸多糖水平下含量最高;MDA和膜透性则表现为先下降后上升趋势,且0.35 g.L^-1海带硫酸多糖水平下含量最低。综合来看,当海带硫酸多糖的浓度低于0.35 g.L^-1时,对镉毒害下的甜瓜幼苗有一定保护作用,高于0.35 g.L^-1时,不仅没有缓解镉毒害的作用,反而加重对甜瓜幼苗的伤害。