秸秆作为硫酸盐还原体系替代C源的可行性及其影响因子

为降低硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理酸性废水的经济成本,以乳酸钠作对照,分析了3种秸秆浸提液替代乳酸钠作为C源的可行性,同时探究了不同C源、C源定期投加、ρ (COD)/ρ(SO42-)、初始pH和重金属浓度对硫酸盐还原体系的影响.结果 表明:3种秸秆浸提液均可作为替代C源,其中大豆秸秆浸提液作C源对硫酸盐还原的效果最好;定期投加C源、提高ρ (COD)/ρ(SO42-)对各C源体系硫酸盐还原有促进作用;降低初始pH、提高重金属浓度对硫酸盐还原有抑制作用;Mn(Ⅱ)浓度升高对各C源体系SO42-去除效果影响不大,在低浓度Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)条件下,乳酸钠体系SO42-去除率高于3种秸秆体系,而在较高浓度Cu (Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)条件下,3种秸秆体系SO42-去除率高于乳酸钠体系.可利用秸秆浸提液作为低成本C源,为处理较高浓度重金属酸性废水提供经济可行的理论参考.     

淮北临涣矿区土壤硫酸盐的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

硫酸盐是植物生长所必需的硫素,在植物代谢过程中扮演着至关重要的作用。为研究矿区土壤硫酸盐的空间分布特征和影响因素,以淮北临涣矿区土壤为研究对象,系统采集研究区34个土壤样品,利用连续提取法测试分析样品中不同形态硫含量,结合与土壤理化性质的相关性,探讨土壤硫酸盐含量分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：（1）研究区土壤中总硫（TS）含量变化范围为60.70 ~ 447.90 mg·kg^-1,平均值为162.52 mg·kg^-1,其变异系数（CV）较高,表明土壤TS受外界环境影响较大。（2）土壤中无机硫主要以硫酸盐形式存在,硫酸盐含量变化范围为11.08 ~ 59.18 mg·kg^-1,平均值为25.38 mg·kg^-1。（3）土壤硫酸盐在空间分布上的特征,表现为固废堆积区>农田土壤区>对照区,土壤硫酸盐与有机质（OM）呈正相关关系,与土壤pH呈负相关关系。研究结果可为矿区土壤污染防控提供理论依据。     

Dual functions of ferrous sulfate as a pore-size controller and a carbon-yield enhancer in fabricating cellulose based porous carbons

This study reports the dual-functions of ferrous sulfate, i.e. as a carbon-yield-enhancer and as a pore-size-controller, in the preparation of porous carbons from rice straws. Through the impregnation of rice straws with 0.5 M aq. FeSO₄, the carbon yield of the resultant porous carbons increased by ca. 10% and the size of the newly created pores was precisely controlled at the diameter of 0.53 nm during carbonization process. The observed results were discussed from the view points of the thermal degradation mechanism of cellulose and the pillar effects by the in-situ formed crystallites of Fe₃O₄. The inherent magnetic property due to the presence of magnetite, Fe₃O₄, was an additional merit of the obtained porous carbons.     

Effects of incubation times and moisture regimes on pH values and exchangeable cations in acid sulfate soils as influenced by application rates of basic slag

Severe acidifications in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) have occurred worldwide due to sulfuric acidity, which requires sustainable measures for their reclamation. Accordingly, an incubation study was conducted with the topsoil of two different ASSs (Cheringa and Badarkhali) to evaluate the effects of basic slag (BS; size <1 mm, pH 9.6, Ca 20.8%, Mg 9.8%, etc.), on reduction of acidity and changes in exchangeable cations. It is noted that BS is a byproduct of steel industry in Bangladesh and can be collected almost free of charge. These soils received BS at the rate of 0 (T₀), 11 (T₁), 22 (T₂) and 33 (T₃) t ha⁻¹ under various moisture regimes (saturated condition M₁,_, i.e., 100% moisture content, wetting–drying cycles of 100 and 50% moisture M_2, and moisture at field condition M₃, i.e., 50%). The impacts of these treatments on some selected parameters in these soils were studied within 180 days of incubation. The application of BS was found to increase the pH of soils from 3.6 to 5.1 for Cheringa, 3.9 to 5.2 for Badarkhali soils at the end of incubation. These increments were more striking with the highest doses of BS under saturated moisture conditions in both of the soils. The ECe of the soils was not much influenced by the application of BS regardless of time. The treatments exerted significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects on exchangeable cations in different periods of incubation. The striking changes were recorded for the rate of increments of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, which were about 2–3 times higher for Ca and more than 2 times higher for Mg²⁺ compared with the control after 180 days of incubation. These results suggest that the application of BS not only increased the Ca²⁺ to the higher amount than that of the increment of Mg²⁺ in the soils, but also improved one of the important criteria of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ratio in the soils.     

磷化氢对硫酸盐还原的影响

    采用分批试验,以污水处理厂的厌氧活性污泥作为接种物,研究磷化氢对硫酸盐还原菌代谢活性及生长的影响.COD/SO42-为1.0时,较高浓度(500 mL·m-3)磷化氢对以乙酸及葡萄糖为基质的硫酸盐还原均有抑制作用.以乙酸为基质时,添加磷化氢样品与不加磷化氢对照的硫酸盐转化半衰期分别为5.6 d和4.7 d;以葡萄糖为基质时,添加磷化氢样品与不加磷化氢对照的硫酸盐转化半衰期分别为4.7 d和2.9 d.磷化氢对以葡萄糖为基质的硫酸盐还原抑制程度较高.磷化氢对以葡萄糖为基质的硫酸盐转化的半抑制浓度(IC50)为583.8 mL·m-3.较高浓度的磷化氢对硫酸盐还原菌的生长也具有显著的抑制作用,抑制效应随时间的延长及磷化氢浓度的加大而增强.     

高Zn富Se松花蛋的研制

研究了以鸡蛋为原料生产高锌富硒松花蛋的加工工艺,并着重对松花蛋中的碱度,锌盐、硒盐的添加量,茶叶用量3个影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,硫酸锌的添加量为0.18%～0.22%,亚硒酸钠的添加量为0.1%,烧碱质量分数为6.0%～7.0%时的效果良好,茶叶的添加量对松花蛋的品质影响不显著。     

硅铁絮凝剂(PFSS)的合成与形态研究

利用活化硅酸和硫酸铁为原料,在不同碱化度和Si／Fe摩尔比条件下,制备出聚合硅酸硫酸铁(PFSS)无机高分子絮凝剂。考察影响产品稳定性的因素,并分析了产品Fe(3),Si(Ⅳ)的形态分布特征,对其可能原因做出微观解释。     

硫酸锰在肉鸡体内药代动力学研究

实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/Kg.体质量剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L).h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,c为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D*为3.2794mg/Kg.BW,D0为1.8789mg/Kg.BW,R为1.7454。     

硫酸新霉素可溶性粉在靶动物猪的安全性研究

为了客观评价硫酸新霉素可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,将32头仔猪随机分为4组,每组8头,分别设1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续混饮硫酸新霉素可溶性粉15 d,通过检测各组受试猪的临床表现、血液常规指标、血清生化指标、尿液常规指标及病理学变化等评价其临床用药的安全性。结果:硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以5倍临床推荐剂量内应用于靶动物猪后,对其临床症状、体重、血常规、血生化及尿常规等指标没有显著影响,解剖学及病理组织学检查也未见任何病理变化,说明硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量应用于靶动物猪是安全的。     

硫酸多粘菌素E在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度研究

健康断奶仔猪 5头 ,分别进行单剂量肌注 (2 5和 5 0mg/kgb .w .)和静注 (2 5mg/kgb .w .)给药 ,并用微生物学方法对硫酸多粘菌素E在猪体内的药代动力学和绝对生物利用度进行了研究。以 3P97程序处理血药浓度—时间数据 ,结果表明 ,以 2 5和 5 0mg/kgb .w .的剂量肌注给药时 ,其血清中药物的峰浓度 (Cmax)分别为 3 73± 0 2 8μg/ml和 6 40± 0 1 8μg/ml,达峰时间分别为 32 2 2± 1 51min和 34 1 8± 1 76min ,消除半衰期 (t1 / 2 β)为 2 55 99± 1 3 65min和 2 64 0 8± 2 8 57min ;以 2 5mg/kgb .w .的剂量静注给药时 ,其消除半衰期 (t1 / 2 β)为 2 51 2 8± 1 2 53min。静注和肌注在体内的分布均为一级吸收二室模型。肌注 2 5和 5 0mg/kgb .w .剂量的注射液时 ,其平均绝对生物利用度分别为 98 30 %和 88 54 %。