Determination of Fatty Acid Composition of Turfgrass by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The fatty acid composition of warm‐season turfgrasses is physiologically regulated by environmental changes, particularly temperature. Species or cultivars, which have increased degree of unsaturation, usually have a greater freeze resistance. Quantifying fatty acid composition not only can help understand the freeze‐resistant mechanism of warm‐season turfgrasses but also in practice develop a management strategy for better turf. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for this purpose. The method is based on the bromophenacyl reaction of fatty acids and separation on a C8 column with gradient elution. Information on limit of identification, linearity of quantification, response factor, and derivatization conditions is presented and discussed. The method presented is simple to apply and provides an alternative to the traditional gas chromatography (GC) method. The results of fatty acid composition from a field freezing‐resistance experiment are discussed.     

几种城市绿地草坪草需水规律研究

为对城市绿地草坪草进行更合理的种植灌溉,采用小区微灌试验,对剪股颖、马蹄金、早熟禾和白三叶四种具有代表性的绿地草坪草的需水规律进行研究。试验结果表明:（1）供试草坪草根系在土层中的分布呈“伞”形结构,83%～94.4%的根系聚集在0—10 cm的土层中,不耐干旱,需适时补充灌溉,以维持其正常生长;（2）供试草坪草年需水总量在1 000 mm左右,66%的需水量集中在6—9月4个月内。在水资源紧缺的北方城市绿地建设中,不宜大面积配置草坪草;（3）草坪草的灌水周期以5 d,次灌水量33 mm较为适宜。     

四种草坪草对干旱胁迫的反应及抗旱性评价

以大穗结缕草、沟叶结缕草、普通狗牙根和百慕大4种草坪草为材料,对其干旱胁迫过程中生理指标进行了研究,并采用隶属函数法对其抗旱性进行比较,以期为我国干旱和半干旱地区草坪草的栽培提供试验依据。结果表明：叶片相对含水量（RWC）在胁迫15d时比对照降低、而相对电导率（REC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活...     

Nitrogen requirements for deficit-irrigated bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) fairways in South Florida

Several new bermudagrass cultivars are available and commonly used on golf course fairways. However, little is known about their cultural requirements or how these cultivars perform under lower inputs regimes. A 2-year study was conducted at University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, to assess performance of four hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. X Cynodon transvaalensis (Burtt-Davy)] cultivars (‘Latitude 36’, ‘Tifway 419’, ‘TifGrand’ and ‘TifTuf’), and 2 common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) cultivars (‘Bimini’ and ‘Celebration’) irrigated at either 50% or 80% reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) and fertilised at either 0, 146, 244, or 342 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Plots were evaluated monthly for turfgrass quality, dark green colour index (DGCI), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and Chlorophyll Index, and seasonally for N tissue content. Plots watered at 80% ET_o enhanced bermudagrass quality compared to 50% ET_o, DGCI and NDVI only in two months out of 24. Latitude 36 and Celebration were the top-rated cultivars, and their quality was not affected by no N fertilisation. Conversely, TifGrand, TifTuf and Tifway that received no N fertilisation resulted in insufficient quality during the second year of the study. Insufficient quality may be linked to reduced N metabolization compared to the highest rated cultivars. Results show that new cultivars such as Latitude 36 and Bimini could be maintained at sufficient quality levels with reduced water and N inputs in South Florida.     

4种暖季型草坪草的抗旱性分析

对百喜草、假俭草、狗牙根和结缕草4种暖季型草坪草进行土壤持续干旱,测定叶片水分饱和亏、叶绿素、细胞膜相对透性等生理生化指标,并运用模糊隶属函数法进行抗旱性评价。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,狗牙根的水分饱和亏上升幅度最小,而土壤含水量显著高于其他品种,表明狗牙根的抗旱机制主要为保持体内高水势的御旱机制上;狗牙根的叶绿素含量下降幅度最小,相对电导率和丙二醛上升幅度也最小;运用隶属函数法得出百喜草、假俭草、狗牙根和结缕草的隶属函数值分别为:0.506、0.501、0.566和0.537,表明抗旱性强弱为狗牙根结缕草百喜草假俭草;在适合暖季型草坪草生长的干旱地区,狗牙根可以作为培植草坪的首选品种。     

不同灌溉量对草坪草光合作用的影响

2004年7月和9月在北京林业大学草坪研究所试验基地,对不同灌溉量下草地早熟禾、高羊茅、结缕草分别进行光合观测,分析3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度、光补偿点和光饱和点的变化趋势.研究结果表明:3种草的净光合速率随灌溉量的增加而增大;3种草的蒸腾速率和气孔导度随灌溉量的增加而增大,并且两者呈显著正相关;光响应曲线的斜率也是随灌溉量的增加而增大;结缕草的水分利用效率和光饱和点显著高于高羊茅和草地早熟禾,且光补偿点最低.     

草坪害虫中喙丽金龟幼虫的空间分布与理论抽样数

本文采用扩散指标法和Iwao、Taylor回归法测定了上海辰山植物园内‘矮生百慕大’Cynodon dactylon×C.transvaalensis‘Tifdwarf’和日本结缕草Zoysia japonica上的中喙丽金龟Adoretus sinicus越冬幼虫的空间分布型。结果表明,中喙丽金龟幼虫在两种草坪草根部土壤中不同区域的密度相差较大(5~139头/m~2);幼虫在两种草坪草土壤中空间分布型均为聚集型的负二项分布,分布的基本成分为个体群。根据空间分布型的参数,确定了理论抽样数和Kuno序贯抽样方法。     

日本矮生沿阶草的研究进展

日本矮生沿阶草Ophiopogon japonicus原产于日本、中国、朝鲜等地的林下地被植物,具有喜湿、耐阴、抗逆性强等优点,在园林绿化上被广泛应用。就日本主要栽培品种的生理生态特性、繁殖方式和栽培管理技术进行了简要介绍,旨在为我国合理地引种、栽培及使用乡土草种提供科学的参考依据。     

Silicon Ameliorates the Adverse Effects of Salinity on Turfgrass Growth and Development

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of foliar application of potassium silicate on Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Lolium perenne L. With increased salinity level, chlorophyll content and relative water content (RWC) in these three turfgrasses were reduced significantly when compared with the untreated control. Supplementary silicon (Si) ameliorated the adverse effects of salinity on chlorophyll content. Silicon treatments decreased proline at all salinity levels. Moreover, addition of Si increased shoot length and shoot number in all turfgrasses. Sodium (Na) concentration was increased in both leaves and roots of turfgrasses at high salinity level; however, Si treatment significantly reduced Na concentration in all of them. Silicon increased Potassium concentration in shoots and roots (though not significantly) in most cases. It can be concluded that Si alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress in all turfgrasses.     

几种暖季型草坪草对低温的生理反应

在佛山市对低温下台湾草(Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.)、地毯草(Axonopus compressus (Swartz) Beauv.)、夏威夷草(Paspalum vaginatum Sw.)、假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro)Hack.)、结缕草(Zoysia japonica Steud.)和钝叶草(Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze)等6个暖季型草种的生理反应进行了比较研究。田间种植的草坪草材料在受到2004年12月份的寒潮袭击后,假俭草5号未受到伤害,地毯草和兰引3号受到的伤害较严重;台湾草、兰引3号和钝叶草的光合速率大大降低,而夏威夷和假俭草5号的光合速率变化不大;地毯草和兰引3号的叶片可溶性糖含量变化不大,而其它几种暖季型草坪草的叶片可溶性糖含量升高,各草种的根系可溶性糖含量降低。结果表明,耐寒的假俭草5号在低温下光合速率受抑制较小与叶片可溶性糖含量积累较多有关,而对低温敏感草种的叶片可溶性糖积累较少。