早孕因子的生物学特性及其在动物繁殖领域中的应用

早孕因子（early pregnancy factor,EPF）最初发现于孕鼠血清,是妊娠哺乳动物血清中存在的一种具有免疫抑制和生长调节作用的妊娠相关蛋白。EPF的氨基酸序列包括102个氨基酸残基,与伴侣蛋白10（chaperonin 10,Cpn10）高度同源,是Cpn10在细胞外发挥的效应,对温度、酸碱度的耐受性较强,无动物及品种特异性。其生物学特性主要体现在抑制免疫和生长调节两方面：①EPF具有抑制母体的免疫反应而使精子、胚胎免受免疫排斥的作用,也是目前最早确认妊娠的生化标志之一;②EPF能促进肿瘤细胞的生长,也能促进烧伤、溃疡等伤口的愈合。由于EPF能增强抗淋巴细胞血清抑制T细胞花环的形成,因此,玫瑰花环抑制试验是检测EPF活性的经典方法。EPF在动物繁殖领域可用于动物的早期、超早期妊娠诊断,妊娠中断的检测,胚胎移植后的成活情况检测,在评价雄性繁殖力和繁殖免疫疾病的治疗等方面有着重要价值。     

Cellular and humoral immune responses during intrathoracic paracoccidioidomycosis in BALB/c mice

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a chronic infection that primarily affects the lungs. Here we investigated cellular and humoral immune responses after intrathoracic Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in BALB/c mice. P. brasiliensis-colony-forming units (CFUs), fungal DNA and granulomas in lungs increased progressively, peaking at day 90 postinfection (p.i.). IFN-γ production was highest on day 15 p.i., declining thereafter. The kinetics of the NO production was similar to that described for IFN-γ. In contrast, IL-10 increased from day 45 p.i. reaching a peak at day 90. Levels of serum IgG1 were higher than IgG2a between days 30 and 90 p.i. 30% of mice died by day 90 p.i. These data indicate that infection with P. brasiliensis by the intrathoracic route shows high IFN-γ and NO production at day 15 p.i., unable to control multiplication of fungi, which appears to be associated with a progressive increase in IL-10 and in the number and complexity of granulomas.     

Anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of propofol at 10% for induction and 1% for maintenance of anaesthesia in horses

Reasons for performing study: Studies have demonstrated the clinical usefulness of propofol for anaesthesia in horses but the use of a concentrated solution requires further investigation. Objectives: To determine the anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory responses to a bolus injection of 10% propofol solution in mature horses. Methods: Three randomised crossover experimental trials were completed. Trial 1: 6 horses were selected randomly to receive 10% propofol (2, 4 or 8 mg/kg bwt i.v.). Trial 2: 6 horses received 1.1 mg/kg bwt i.v. xylazine before being assigned at random to receive one of 5 different doses (1–5 mg/kg bwt) of 10% propofol. Trial 3: 6 horses were sedated with xylazine (0.5 mg/kg bwt, i.v.) and assigned randomly to receive 10% propofol (3, 4 or 5 mg/kg bwt, i.v.); anaesthesia was maintained for 60 min using an infusion of 1% propofol (0.2‐0.4 mg/kg bwt/min). Cardiorespiratory data, the quality of anaesthesia, and times for induction, maintenance and recovery from anaesthesia and the number of attempts to stand were recorded. Results: Trial 1 was terminated after 2 horses had received each dose of 10% propofol. The quality of induction, anaesthesia and recovery from anaesthesia was judged to be unsatisfactory. Trial 2: 3 horses administered 1 mg/kg bwt and one administered 2 mg/kg bwt were not considered to be anaesthetised. Horses administered 3–5 mg/kg bwt i.v. propofol were anaesthetised for periods ranging from approximately 10–25 min. The PaO₂ was significantly decreased in horses administered 3–5 mg/kg bwt i.v. propofol. Trial 3: The quality of induction and recovery from anaesthesia were judged to be acceptable in all horses. Heart rate and rhythm, and arterial blood pressure were unchanged or decreased slightly during propofol infusion period. Conclusions: Anaesthesia can be induced with a 10% propofol solution and maintained with a 1% propofol solution in horses administered xylazine as preanaesthetic medication. Hypoventilation and hypoxaemia may occur following administration to mature horses. Potential relevance: Adequate preanaesthetic sedation and oxygen supplementation are required in horses anaesthetised with propofol.     

鸭β-防御素10基因的克隆、遗传进化分析及其生物学特性的初步研究

旨在从鸭肝脏组织中克隆鸭β-防御素10(AvBD10)基因,并在原核表达重组鸭AvBD10蛋白,研究重组鸭AvBD10蛋白的体外抗菌活性与理化特性.试验采用RT-PCR法,从鸭肝脏组织中扩增鸭AvBD10基因,测定该基因在鸭各组织器官中的分布;将鸭AvBD10基因克隆到大肠杆菌原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1上,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-duck AvBD10,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,用IPTG诱导表达;亲和层析纯化蛋白,利用薄层平皿琼脂糖孔穴扩散法测定重组鸭AvBD10蛋白的体外抗菌活性与理化特性.结果表明,鸭AvBD10 cDNA大小为169bp,编码55个氨基酸残基,与鸡AvBD10氨基酸同源性为85.5%.该基因仅在不同日龄鸭肝脏与肾脏组织中大量表达.重组鸭AvBD10融合蛋白的分子量约为30 ku,重组蛋白占菌体总蛋白的34%.重组鸭AvBD10蛋白对多杀性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有抗菌活性.结果,从鸭肝脏组织中扩增了鸭AvBD10基因,该基因仅在不同日龄鸭肝脏与肾脏组织中大量表达.重组鸭AvBD10融合蛋白具有广谱抗菌活性,该重组蛋白对温度和酸碱度有很高的稳定性.     

Th1／Th2型细胞因子的动态变化对山羊妊娠的影响

为了研究Thl/Th2型细胞因子的动态变化对山羊妊娠的影响,探讨其生理学意义,试验通过ELISA方法对山羊妊娠早期及流产前后外周血液中Thl(TNF-α、IL-2)与Th2(IL-10)型细胞因子的含量进行了检测.结果表明:妊娠早期外周血液中TNF-α和IL-2含量先升高后降低,IL-10量持续上升;流产后TNF-α和IL-2含量高于流产前含量(P<0.01或P<0.05),IL-10则低于流产前含量(P<0.05或P<0.01).说明山羊正常妊娠时Th1/Th2型细胞因子动态平衡应当是以Th2型免疫及其相关因子占优势,平衡失调则导致妊娠失败.     

Th1/Th2型细胞因子的动态变化对山羊妊娠的影响

为了研究Th1/Th2型细胞因子的动态变化对山羊妊娠的影响,探讨其生理学意义,试验通过EUSA方法对山羊妊娠早期及流产前后外周血液中Th1(TNF-α、IL-2)与Th2(IL-10)型细胞因子的含量进行了检测.结果表明:妊娠早期外周血液中TNF-α和IL-2含量先升高后降低,IL-10含量持续上升;流产后TNF-α和IL-2含量高于流产前含量(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),IL-10则低于流产前含量(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).说明山羊正常妊娠时Th1/Th2型细胞因子动态平衡应当是以Th2型免疫及其相关因子占优势,平衡失调则导致妊娠失败.     

安吉地区输电线路生态景观塔设计

采用Q420高强度钢为主材,针对安吉地区设计一种带有"安吉"和"两山"元素的生态景观塔.通过SmartClearance电气间隙元软件进行电气距离校核,运用ANSYS软件对有限元景观塔杆身与横担进行结构稳定性模拟分析,结果表明:设计的景观塔电气距离和结构稳定性均满足要求.     

岩茶生长季节土壤呼吸日变化特征研究

于2014年3～5月通过室外定位观测10年生岩茶生长季节土壤呼吸速率从8:00到18:00的动态变化,探讨了岩茶土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、土壤湿度的相关性.结果表明:岩茶3～5月生长季节土壤呼吸速率的变化范围为0.63～3.56 μmol CO2/m2·s,土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数Q10在1.74～2.52之间.岩茶土壤呼吸速率的日变化趋势为单峰曲线,最大值出现在14:00,最小值出现在8:00,土壤呼吸速率在4、5月明显增大.茶园土壤呼吸速率与不同深度的土壤温度呈显著的指数关系,且10～15 cm深度的土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响最为显著.Q10与土壤温度呈负相关,在3月及较深土层较大.土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率间的相关性不显著.