关于林业数学模型中参数的取值问题

针对国内林业期刊文献中普遍存在的数学模型参数取值不规范的问题，提出林业数学模型的参数取值，应遵循小数位统一和有效数统一的原则，而且有效数统一原则应该成为最高准则；同时还对与这两项原则有关的某些特定林业数表模型中参数的取值和估计问题进行讨论。     

Comparison of dietary essential amino acid requirements determined from group‐housed versus individually‐housed juvenile bluegill,Lepomis macrochirus

Two 60‐day experiments were conducted sequentially to determine (i) lysine requirement of juvenile bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus based on the dose–response method, (ii) requirements for other essential amino acids (EAAs) using whole‐body amino acid profile and (iii) whether differences in growth rates of group‐housed versus individually‐housed bluegills lead to different lysine requirement levels because of the presence and absence, respectively, of social hierarchies. Seven, semi‐purified, experimental diets (isonitrogenous, isocaloric) were prepared to contain graded levels of digestible lysine (10–31 g kg⁻¹). Experiment‐1 involved group‐housed bluegills (approximately 27 g, n = 10 fish/chamber, 4 chambers/diet) whereas experiment‐2 involved individually‐housed bluegills (approximately 30 g, n = 1 fish/chamber, 14 chambers/diet). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Bluegill growth responses in both experiments generally improved (P < 0.05, anova ) with increasing dietary lysine levels from 10 to 16 g kg⁻¹, and then levelled off with further increase in lysine level (P > 0.05). Optimal dietary lysine level (digestible basis) was estimated to be 15 g kg⁻¹ based on broken‐line regression analyses of relative growth rate and feed conversion ratio with no differences being observed between the two rearing methods. Determined dietary requirement levels for other EAAs ranged from 2.4 g kg⁻¹ (tryptophan) to 15.3 g kg⁻¹ (leucine).     

森林对降水的影响概述

森林能否增加降水,这是植树造林、美化环境等工作中必然要考虑的问题。文章总结了国内外相关文献,就森林对降水的影响做了阐述。综合现有研究结果来看,森林对降水有无影响目前还没有普遍性的结论;对于局地森林对降水的影响应持保守态度,既不能说"有",也不能说"无"。明确的结论必须结合当地地形、天气、气候条件做具体的研究分析后才能得出,这样的结论才更科学,更具指导意义。因此关于宁夏植树造林是否对宁夏的区域气候产生影响,以及有什么样的影响,目前还不清楚。另外一个主要问题就是森林的尺度,即多大面积的森林才会对区域降水产生影响,因为如果森林的面积很有限,对区域降水的影响是否也很有限等等,这些问题都需要进一步深入研究和探讨。     

贵州中部天然暖性草丛草地生产力变化和承载力分析

[目的]探讨放牧与围封对亚热天然暖性草丛草地生产力的影响并分析其草地承载力.[方法]以贵州中部龙里县亚热带天然暖性草丛草地为试验地区,连续调查2010～2012年草地生产力月、季和年动态,并对数据进行分析.[结果]放牧与围封条件下,贵州龙里暖性草丛草地植物现存量、牧草生长量均表现为先增加后减少的趋势,其峰值出现在8～10月份.围封明显提高天然草地的生产力,对天然草地植被组成改变不大.[结论]从草畜平衡的角度分析,贵州中部暖性草地适宜载畜量在3.45～4.66只羊/hm2时,具有良好的生态效益,在经济上可为农牧民所承受.     

陕西安康烟区生育期气候综合指数对烤烟化学成分的影响

为了明确烤烟不同生育期气候资源对烟叶品质的贡献率，以陕西安康烟区2002—2011年气象资料和烟叶化学成分为材料，采用主成分分析法，对烤烟不同生育期的平均温度、降水量和日照时数进行分析，构建不同生育期的气候综合指数(CCI)；采用相关分析、通径分析和决策分析对各生育期CCI与烟叶化学成分的关系进行分析。结果表明：不同生育期CCI对烟碱含量的影响以采烤前期最大，旺长期最小，对采烤前期的影响主要为直接作用；对烟叶总糖含量的影响以采烤后期最大，采烤前期最小，对采烤后期的影响主要为直接作用和通过旺长期的间接作用；对烟叶糖碱比的影响以采烤后期最大，旺长期最小，采烤后期的影响主要为直接作用和通过采烤前期的间接作用。     

超星数字图书馆版权授权模式研究

版权是我国数字图书馆发展的瓶颈，指出超星版权模式是我国数字图书馆行业比较成熟的授权方式，总结了超星版权模式的发展历程，分析了其发展过程中存在的不足，对超星数字图书馆版权模式的发展提出了建设性意见。     

维护国家经济安全的政府审计模型构建研究

基于国家治理论阐述了政府审计与国家经济安全之间的内在逻辑机理关系，认为政府审计应从以公民需求为导向，引入市场机制，健全审计问责机制三个层面出发，充分发挥政府审计“免疫系统”的防御、稳定、监视三大基本功能，并以此来构建维护国家经济安全的政府审计模型，最终实现维护国家经济安全的目标。     

汉中盆地低山丘陵茶叶生产生态气候分析

通过对汉中盆地现有茶区生态气候状况的分析及与同纬度东部平原茶区比较，找出了汉中茶区生态气候和品质的比较优势与存在问题，提出：在退耕还茶中宜建生态茶园；生态园、老茶园和林区应根据局地小气候条件合理布局交错种植；宜推广无性繁殖和无污染管理技术。     

新冠肺炎疫情与猪肉价格波动初探

基于2020年3月-2020年10月猪肉价格及新冠肺炎疫情指数,借助VAR模型,定量研究新冠肺炎疫情对于猪肉价格的影响。研究结果表明:新冠肺炎疫情对猪肉价格存在影响,促使猪肉价格上涨,在此基础上文章提出相应措施。     

Carbon Depletion by Plowing and its Restoration by No‐Till Cropping Systems in Oxisols of Subtropical and Tropical Agro‐Ecoregions in Brazil

The continuous use of plowing for grain production has been the principal cause of soil degradation. This project was formulated on the hypothesis that the intensification of cropping systems by increasing biomass‐C input and its biodiversity under no‐till (NT) drives soil restoration of degraded agro‐ecosystem. The present study conducted at subtropical [Ponta Grossa (PG) site] and tropical regions [Lucas do Rio Verde, MT (LRV) site] in Brazil aimed to (i) assess the impact of the continuous plow‐based conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock vis‐à‐vis native vegetation (NV) as baseline; (ii) compare SOC balance among CT, NT cropping systems, and NV; and (iii) evaluate the redistribution of SOC stock in soil profile in relation to soil resilience. The continuous CT decreased the SOC stock by 0·58 and 0·67 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth at the PG and LRV sites, respectively, and the rate of SOC sequestration was 0·59 for the PG site and ranged from 0·48 to 1·30 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ for the LRV site. The fraction of C input by crop residues converted into SOC stock was ~14·2% at the PG site and ~20·5% at the LRV site. The SOC resilience index ranged from 0·29 to 0·79, and it increased with the increase in the C input among the NT systems and the SOC sequestration rates at the LRV site. These data support the hypothesis that NT cropping systems with high C input have a large potential to reverse the process of soil degradation and SOC decline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.