山地气候对烟草赤星病的影响研究

2011年对贵州省5个典型山地气候区烟草赤星病进行了调查。调查烤烟品种为感病品种(云烟87),共获得5个区域田间病害发生情况数据资料。利用SPSS软件多种增长模型对所得数据进行曲线估计,通过Sig值、R2的比较,认为Logistic模型能较好地拟合赤星病田间动态变化过程。分析赤星病发病因素,证明初始病情、日平均温度、日平均相对湿度、风速及降雨量是影响赤星病发生的重要因素。利用逐步回归分析建立了烟草赤星病田间增长速率的预测模型。     

气候变化对长江中下游湿地的影响及其响应

气候变化将对湿地水文、生物地球化学过程、水质与水循环、湿地生态功能等产生影响,反过来湿地通过水文和物质循环来影响陆地水文循环、碳储积、局地小气候和生态环境.分析了气候变化对长江中下游地区湿地的影响和湿地对气候变化的响应,以期为开展区域湿地保护和发展提供理论依据.     

极端天气干扰下闽北人工林林隙形成方式及其特征

对福建省顺昌县宝庄村人工林在极端天气干扰下形成的林隙进行调查,研究人工林林隙分布及其特征。结果表明,在宝庄村人工林中,树木倒伏形成的林隙最为常见,占林隙总数的32．98％;其次是树木翻兜形成的林隙,占27．66％。林隙形状不规则,林冠空隙（CG）和扩展林冠空隙（EG）面积主要集中在600～800m。;形成木数量组成以100～150株为主,形成木分布最多的径级在10-15cm,构成形成木的主要树种是马尾松、杉木、毛竹。以林隙形成特征为参照,对受灾人工林的恢复提出建议。     

基于GIS的文成县茶树栽培气候区划

针对文成县茶叶发展过程中存在的种植基地选择和气象灾害防御等问题,在调查取得的数据基础上,利用全县36个区域站多年气候资料和数字高程模型(DEM),根据茶树栽培气候区划指标,运用地理信息系统(GIS)研究茶树栽培气候区划,将文成县的茶树栽培区划分为适宜栽培区、较适宜栽培区和不适宜区。     

图书馆组织气候的培养

阐述了组织气候的概念和图书馆组织气候的含义,提出了以现代图书馆理念为指导的图书馆组织气候的培养策略。     

关帝山地方气候梯度及其与植被空间分布关系的研究

根据景观生态学研究的需要，本文应用二级订正法，对以庞泉沟自然保护区为中心的关帝山地区山地地方气候梯度进行了分析研究，分别五个地形面确定了气候梯度变化规律，计算出各海拔带上逐月平均气温和降水量，并进一步计算出各海拔带的年生物温度、可能蒸散、湿润指数，≥１０℃积温等生物气候指标。分析了上述指标的梯度分布与当地植被沿海拔梯度分布和农作物种植格局的一致性。为该地区景观生态研究、森林立地分类评价、适地适树规划相关研究奠定了基础，并为类似研究提供了范例和方法。     

Yield Response of Mediterranean Rangelands under a Changing Climate

Understanding the Mediterranean rangelands degradation trends is a key element of mitigating their vulnerability and enhancing their resilience. Climate change and its inherent effects on mean temperature and the precipitation variability can regulate the magnitude, frequency and duration of droughts and aridity with a profound effect on ecosystem productivity. Here we investigate the effects of climate change to project the development of vegetation in the Mediterranean rangelands by (i) estimating the relative Standardized Precipitation Index and a modification of the United Nations Environment Programme Aridity Index to classify climate variability, and (ii) modelling vegetation response to climate using the Food and Agriculture Organisation crop–water production function. Climate model data are obtained from nine general circulation models under Relative Concentration Pathways 2.6 and 8.5 of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. After correcting climate model data for biases, results for two 40‐year future study periods are compared with the baseline period 1961–2000 within a domain that includes the European Mediterranean. We show that a gradual but robust increase of aridity and drought frequency is estimated for most of the Mediterranean region, impacting rangeland vegetation yields. Projected drought and aridity disturbances may well represent permanent shifts to a warmer and more frequently dry status. This alternative stability of climatic pressure lies outside the limits of ecosystem resilience and may indicate that in some cases vegetation will either adapt to the new conditions or be succeeded by more water‐stress tolerant species. Results raise concerns about the fate of the Mediterranean rangelands and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

呼伦贝尔草原沙化现状及防治对策

综合分析了呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化研究的主要成果,认为该区沙源丰富,是东北地区生态环境最脆弱的地区之一,沙漠化土地面积正在快速增长,沙漠化和生态环境的恶化逐步加剧;沙化的生成与发展是气候暖干化、干旱极端气候事件和人类扰动共同作用的结果;在此基础上提出了治理对策主要是人工增雨增加沙化区降水量、发展生态畜牧业、开发与保护草原并举、建立沙地定位监测、多学科各部门联合防沙治沙和以重点工程项目带动治沙事业。     

Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Agriculture

Mitigation and adaptation are two principle strategies for managing human-induced climate change. Agriculture plays a duet role in climate change. It has been a major source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. It is also one of the sectors most vulnerable to the risks and impacts of global climate change. This paper first indentified the mitigative and adaptative options and potential in agriculture, then addressed the integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation and its benefits for agriculture. Finally, it discussed the implications to Chinese agriculture in dealing with the global climate change.     

1961—2010年喀左县风的气候变化特征及其对设施农业的影响

根据1961—2010年喀左县逐年风的气象资料,统计分析该县平均风速、最大风速、大风日数的气候变化特征。结果表明:喀左县的风速呈线性减少的趋势,并通过对近年来设施农业的风灾统计分析,得知6、7级风是危害当地设施农业的主要风灾,并针对风灾提出设施农业相应的防御措施。