番茄独脚金内酯合成关键基因CCD7、CCD8 RNA沉默载体的构建

根据已知的番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)CCD7和CCD8基因的序列设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR克隆CCD7和CCD8基因片段,通过特定酶切将2个基因进行拼接,再将串联基因以反向重复的方式连入p UCCRNAi载体,并定向插入到p35植物表达载体上。结果表明,克隆获得了大小约为400 bp的CCD7和CCD8基因片段,基因片段拼接后获得800 bp左右的串联片段CCD7-8;将该基因片段插入p UCCRNAi载体后得到1 700 bp大小的含Intron的反向重复序列In-7-8,并成功插入到植物表达载体p35中,通过酶切分析,RNAi载体构建正确。最终成功构建了番茄CCD7和CCD8 2个串联基因的RNA沉默表达载体p35-In-7-8。     

Synthesis and insecticidal evaluation of novel N-(S-amino)sulfenylated derivatives of diacylhydrazines

A series of new N-(S-amino)sulfenylated derivatives of diacylhydrazines were synthesized by the reaction of S-aminosulfenyl chlorides with N-tert-butyl-N'-benzoyl-N-substituted benzoylhydrazines in the presence of sodium hydride, and evaluated for moulting hormone mimicking activity. In the course of syntheses, N-N bond cleavage in diacylhydrazines was found and the reaction was studied in some detail. The results of bioassay showed that the title compounds exhibit excellent larvicidal activity. Toxicity assays indicated that these compounds can induce a premature, abnormal and lethal larval mount.     

牛体外受精胚的发育速度和染色体研究

利用不同个体的牛冷冻精液对屠宰场废弃牛卵巢内卵母细胞进行体外受精,对体外受精胚胎的发育速度和染色体的异常发生进行了研究。结果显示,冷冻精液A组体外受精48h后的卵裂率显著高于冷冻精液B组(P<0.05),2组之间的囊胚形成率差异显著(P<0.05);冷冻精液A体外受精后的胚胎发育速度显著快于冷冻精液B组(P<0.05);染色体分析结果表明,2组胚胎染色体异常发生率无显著差异,异常胚胎均表现为多倍体的发生率较高。     

Crocin supplementation during oocyte maturation enhances antioxidant defence and subsequent cleavage rate

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of crocin supplementation during oocyte maturation on the antioxidant defence and anti‐apoptotic ability and subsequent developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Oocytes were cultured in media containing 0, 300, 400 or 500 µg/ml of crocin. Upon maturation, the maturation rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, mRNA expression of genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, Bcl‐2, BAX and Caspase3), expression of cleaved caspase3 and subsequent embryo cleavage rates were measured. Results indicated that the maturation rate of the 400 µg/ml group was 86.80% (p < 0.01). The ROS concentration of the 500 µg/ml group was the lowest (p < 0.01). The GSH concentration of the 400 µg/ml group was the highest (p < 0.01). The SOD, CAT and GPx mRNA expression levels were the highest in the 300, 400 and 500 µg/ml groups, respectively, with the expression levels of all genes being significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The Bcl‐2/BAX mRNA expression ratio in 400 and 500 µg/ml groups significantly higher than other groups and significantly decreased caspase3 expression level (p < 0.01). The expression level of cleaved caspase3 in the 500 µg/ml treatment group was the lowest, significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The cleavage rate of the 400 µg/ml group was 62.50% (p < 0.01). These experimental results show that the supplementation of in vitro culture medium with 400 µg/ml of crocin significantly enhanced the antioxidant defence and anti‐apoptotic ability and subsequent cleavage rate of porcine embryo.     

猪胚胎早期卵裂时间与其发育潜能关系的初步研究

旨在探讨初次卵裂时间对猪孤雌胚胎发育潜能及其基因相对表达水平的影响。本试验从健康母猪卵巢上抽取卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养,将猪孤雌激活胚胎分为早期卵裂组（16~22 h）与晚期卵裂组（26~32 h）统计比较卵裂率和囊胚率,并对囊胚的多能性相关基因Oct4、Sox2、Klf4等和凋亡相关基因Bcl-xl、Bax、Caspase-3的相对表达水平进行分析检测。结果表明,猪孤雌激活胚胎在16~22 h发生卵裂的为50%~60%,而26 h之后发生卵裂的不到20%,在18 h前完成第一次卵裂的胚胎囊胚发育率为79%,42 h后发生初次卵裂的胚胎无法发育至囊胚期。猪孤雌激活胚胎早期卵裂组的囊胚发育率显著高于晚期卵裂组（P<0.05）。早期卵裂组囊胚的Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Klf4基因的表达量显著高于晚期卵裂组（P<0.05）,Oct4、Sox2、Klf4基因的相对表达量极显著高于晚期卵裂组（P<0.01）,Bax和Caspase-3基因的相对表达水平极显著低于晚期卵裂组（P<0.01）,而Bcl-xl作为保护因子其表达量相对于晚期卵裂胚胎（26~32 h）显著上调（P<0.05）。结果显示,初次卵裂时间较早的猪孤雌激活胚胎发育潜能显著高于较晚卵裂胚胎,其囊胚多能性相关基因表达上调,凋亡相关基因表达下调,卵裂时间可作为鉴定猪孤雌激活胚胎发育潜力的重要参数。     

血管内皮生长因子对水牛卵母细胞体外受精的影响

[目的]探讨血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）对水牛卵母细胞体外受精的影响,为优化水牛卵母细胞体外培养体系及提高水牛体外胚胎生产效率奠定基础.[方法]以带有3层以上卵丘细胞的卵丘—卵母细胞复合体（COCs）为材料,分别在水牛卵母细胞体外成熟液和受精液中添加重组人VEGF165,研究VEGF对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和早期胚胎发育的影响.[结果]在成熟液中添加10ng/mLVEGF,水牛卵母细胞的第一极体排出率由57.3％提高到72.3％,差异显著（P＜0.05,下同）;体外受精后的受精卵分裂率由41.0％显著提高到53.3％.在受精液中添加10 ng/mL VEGF,水牛体外受精的受精卵分裂率由41.9％提高到63.0％,差异极显著（P＜0.01,下同）,囊胚形成率由17.0％显著提高到32.6％.在成熟液和受精液中同时添加10ng/mLVEGF,水牛体外受精的受精卵分裂率和囊胚形成率由43.4％和19.0％极显著提高到64.3％和27.2％,囊胚细胞数由89.5显著提高到106.8.[结论]VEGF能促进水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎的发育,因此可将VEGF用于水牛卵母细胞体外受精体系的优化,提高水牛体外胚胎生产效率.     

猪狂犬病分子生物学的快速诊断

比较狂犬病病毒N基因的同源性,成功设计了一对引物N 1/N 2,该对引物扩增长度为460bp,其中包含有一个特异性的酶切位点,可以把目的片段切成130bp和330bp两个片段。利用该方法对一例猪狂犬病进行了诊断,证实该技术不仅敏感、特异,而且快速,很适合于实验室应用。     

用荧光染料（Hoechst 33342）和激光处理精子对牛卵母细胞体外受精的影响

用流动细胞计数法分离牛的Ｘ，Ｙ精子，需要对精子进行活体荧光染色及激光照射处理。本研究进行２个实验，以探索荧光染料（Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３３４２）和激光对牛精子以及牛卵母细胞的体外受精和胚胎的体外培养的影响。实验１包括４个精子处理组：（１）０处理组（对照组）；（２）染色组，用９ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３３４２对精子进行染色；（３）激光照射组，用强度为１５０ｍＷ的激光对精子进行照射；（４）染色及激光照射组，综合（２）和（３）的处理。实验２用不同浓度的Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３３４２处理精子，以研究染料浓度与体外受精效果的关系。实验结果表明，Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３３４２作用于精子之后，能显著降低牛卵母细胞体外受精后的分裂率、囊胚率、一级囊胚率、囊胚孵化率及胚胎发育速度，而且降低的幅度随着染料浓度的升高而增加（卵裂率除外）。精子经激光照射后对体外受精的效果没有显著影响。     

生长激素和胰岛素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚卵裂的影响

本研究探讨了生长激素(STH)和胰岛素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活后卵裂的影响。结果表明:在mNCSU-23液中,添加0.15μg/mLSTH组的成熟率(73.83%)和卵裂率(64.76%)显著高于对照组和添加0.01、0.05、0.1、0.2μg/mLSTH组(P<0.05);添加5μg/mL和8μg/mL胰岛素组的成熟率(66.25%、60.64%)显著高于添加0、0.5、2μg/mL及10μg/mL组(P<0.05);添加5μg/mL胰岛素组的卵裂率(61.63%)显著高于添加0、0.5、2、8、10μg/mL组(P<0.05);最佳的联合添加组为0.15μg/mLSTH+2μg/mL胰岛素,其体外成熟率为79.37%、卵裂率为72.31%。     

Role of oxidative cleavage and acid hydrolysis of oat beta-glucan in modelled beverage conditions

The effects of organic acids (ascorbic, citric and malic acids) associated with beverages were studied in an unpurified oat beta-glucan extract with the purpose of examining the stability of cereal beta-glucan in beverage conditions. Addition of ascorbic acid caused an immediate decrease in viscosity of the extract and the MW of beta-glucan. Citric and malic acid affected moderately and only after a heat treatement. This indicated a dominating role of ascorbic acid induced oxidative cleavage compared to the generally proposed acid hydrolysis of beta-glucan. The nature of ascorbic acid induced cleavage was studied with inhibitors (glucose, mannitol, catalase and phytic acid) and catalysts (Cu- and Fe-ions) of hydroxyl radical attacks. Glucose, mannitol and catalase inhibited and the metals effectively catalysed the viscosity decrease. These indicated that the degradation of beta-glucan in the ascorbic acid treated extract was induced by metal-catalysed hydroxyl radicals. Also, the beta-glucan extract used as a matrix lost its viscosity during storage (+6 °C) concurrently with MW decrease of beta-glucan. When added to the extract, mannitol, glucose and catalase each showed a slight stabilising trend and Fe²⁺-ions caused an immediate decrease in viscosity. The oxidative cleavage appeared to be an important factor to consider in developing novel aqueous beta-glucan enriched products.