Evaluation of F1 and BC1 hybrids of Lilium lancifolium × Asiatic hybrid ‘Chianti’ by morphological analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization

Lilium lancifolium Thunb. exhibits wide genetic diversity and numerous genetic traits within progeny populations. Parent morphology affects the distribution and assortment of progeny phenotypes. In this study, morphological analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were conducted for cross progeny (F1 and BC1). Results showed that F1-1 hybrids had greater plant height than the parents; however, backcross progeny plant height (group 1) was low. Leaf number in both groups was considerably low in F1 hybrid, although high in backcrossed plants. Flower number and days to flower opening were intermediate to those of the parents for F1 hybrids, yet low in BC1 progeny. In group 1, backcross progeny showed small bulb length; however, group 2 progeny showed large bulb length. Positive and negative correlations between the phenotypic traits of parents and progeny confirmed significant variations. According to FISH results, F1-1 and F1-2 hybrids distinctly exhibited nine and eight 45S rDNA loci which were same in position with 45S loci of the parents. In backcross progeny, eight 45S rDNA signals were detected in four BC1 progeny of group 1, while 10 signals were observed in all group 2 progeny, same with the L. lancifolium karyotype. Morphological analysis and FISH helped in scrutinising progeny to obtain hybrids with desirable characteristics.     

Construction of a chromosome-assigned,sequence-tagged linkage map for the radish,Raphanus sativus L. and QTL analysis of morphological traits

The radish displays great morphological variation but the genetic factors underlying this variability are mostly unknown. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling radish morphological traits, we cultivated 94 F₄ and F₅ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the rat-tail radish and the Japanese radish cultivar ‘Harufuku’ inbred lines. Eight morphological traits (ovule and seed numbers per silique, plant shape, pubescence and root formation) were measured for investigation. We constructed a map composed of 322 markers with a total length of 673.6 cM. The linkage groups were assigned to the radish chromosomes using disomic rape-radish chromosome-addition lines. On the map, eight and 10 QTLs were identified in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The chromosome-linkage group correspondence, the sequence-specific markers and the QTLs detected here will provide useful information for further genetic studies and for selection during radish breeding programs.     

蒴翟的细胞学鉴定及其与接骨木的核型比较

为了从细胞学角度鉴定忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)接骨木属(Sambucus)2种植物蒴翟(Sambucus Chinensis L.)和接骨木(Sambucus willamsii H.),对安徽滁州地区蒴翟的染色体核型进行分析,并和接骨木进行比较.结果表明,蒴翟体细胞染色体数目为2n=34,染色体基数x=17,为二倍体物种.与接骨木(2n=2x=36)相比,存在染色体数目差异.其核型公式为k(2n)=34=14m+14am+6st,核型类型为2B型(接近3B型);最长与最短染色体长度比为2.07.臂比>2的染色体比为0.47.在系统进化程度上蒴翟较接骨木高级,这可能是草本蒴翟比木本接骨木具有更强生态适应性的细胞学证据之一.     

芒果无仁和小仁果实产生机理研究

通过去雄大袋，花粉生产力及明发率测定，花粉母细胞减数分裂期染色体行为观察，胚珠，胚囊及种胚的解剖观察，研究了东镇红芒无仁或小仁果实产生的原因。结果表明：１．雄蕊发育正常；花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体数目和行为以及花粉生产力和萌发率均属正常。２．东镇红芒无自动单性结果特性，授粉刺激是其座果所必需的。３．雌蕊败育是东镇红芒产生无仁或小仁果的主要原因。     

3种沙棘染色体核型研究

对生长在同一生境的中国沙棘、蒙古沙棘和俄罗斯沙棘的核型进行了比较研究.结果表明:3种沙棘的染色体数目均为2n=24,都由中部着丝粒染色体组成.其中,中国沙棘、蒙古沙棘在第4对染色体上有随体,俄罗斯沙棘在第2对染色体上有随体.3种沙棘的核型类型都是2A型,比较对称.     

3种蝗虫的核型和C-带研究

研究了中国东北地区槌角蝗科(Gomphoceridae)西伯利亚蝗[Gomphocerus sibiricus sibiricus(L.)]、网翅蝗科(Arcypterinae)大兴安岭异爪蝗(Euchorthippus dahinganlingensis Zhang et Ren)和斑翅蝗科(Oedipodidae)鼓翅皱膝蝗[Angaracris barabensis(Pall.)]的核型和C-带。结果表明:西伯利亚蝗、大兴安岭异爪蝗和鼓翅皱膝蝗的染色体数目分别为2n(♂)=18+XO=19,2n(♂)=16+XO=17,2n(♂)=22+XO=23。     

细胞松弛素B对牛卵母细胞体外成熟过程中微管、微丝及染色体的影响

细胞松弛素B(Cytochalasin B,CB)是一种抑制微丝聚合的药物,能抑制微丝的组装从而阻止胞质分裂和极体排放,是研究细胞分裂器形成与变化的重要药物。在牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养过程中加入7.5 μg/mL的CB进行处理,分析CB对减数分裂过程中细胞骨架形态、染色体的排列与分离等方面的影响。结果显示,CB处理后卵母细胞第一极体的排放受到了抑制,染色体的排列和分离受到了影响,出现了同源染色体分离不完全或分离不均匀及分离后又聚在一起等异常情况,形成许多二倍体卵母细胞;纺锤体微管的形态发生了变化,出现了两个纺锤体、巨大纺锤体和多极纺锤体等异常结构;微丝的正常分布受到了影响,染色体周围没有或少有微丝分布,皮质下的微丝分布也变得少而不均匀;这说明微丝与微管在减数分裂过程中是协同作用的,CB通过影响微丝的动态变化,改变了纺锤体微管的形态结构,最终抑制了极体的排放。     

大白菜—结球甘蓝1号染色体二体异附加系自交后代InDel标记分析和染色体数鉴定

在进行异附加系鉴定和相应连锁群In Del标记筛选的基础上,利用In Del标记和细胞学方法对大白菜—结球甘蓝1号染色体二体异附加系自交后代46个单株进行了鉴定分析。结果表明:结球甘蓝C03连锁群相对于大白菜特异的67个In Del标记,均至少在1份后代单株中扩增出了甘蓝的特异条带;在46个后代单株中,3个单株为染色体数22条的二体异附加系,6个单株为染色体数21条的单体异附加系,1个单株为染色体数20条的大白菜二体代换系,28个单株为染色体数20条的附加了结球甘蓝染色体片段的大白菜易位系,还有3个单株染色体数为22条,2个单株染色体数为21条,推断其分别为易位了结球甘蓝染色体片段的大白菜非整倍体易位系,还有3个单株没有检测到甘蓝特异条带。本研究结果为这些材料的进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。     

云鳚染色体组型分析

采用脾脏细胞低渗──空气干燥法制片，Ｇｉｅｍａｓ染色，对云（Ｅｎｅｄｒｉａｓｎｅｂｕｌｏｓｕｓ）的染色体组型进行分析和研究，其染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６，总臂数ＮＦ＝５２，全部为中部着丝点染色体。     

BMY牛和婆罗门牛核型分析

[目的]观察BMY牛及婆罗门牛染色体核型,为培育我国热带肉牛新品种积累细胞遗传学基础资料和数据.[方法]采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及常规染色方法制备牛染色体标本,比较BMY牛及婆罗门牛染色体核型的差异.[结果]BMY牛和婆罗门牛染色体数为2n=60,染色体臂数(NF)=62,公牛为XY型,母牛为XX型,29对常染色体为端着...