几个绵羊品种染色体Ag-NORs的研究

利用外周血淋巴细胞培养法研究了 4个绵羊品种的 Ag- NORs,结果表明 ,绵羊 Ag- NORs定位于 1 ,2 ,3,4和未判定的 2对小型染色体上。同羊、汉中绵羊、兰州大尾羊及罗姆尼羊的 Ag- NORs均数分别为 5.41± 1 .1 9,4.50± 1 .2 9,5.2 9± 1 .2 1和 5.60±1 .2 4 ,并且在品种间有显著或极显著差异 (P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )     

火鹤四倍体的诱导与鉴定

以火鹤二倍体品种‘Smaragd’和‘Artus’的愈伤组织为诱导材料,利用秋水仙素处理的方法进行火鹤四倍体的离体诱导。结果发现,火鹤四倍体诱导率因基因型、秋水仙素处理浓度及处理时间不同而异。不同品种的四倍体诱导率不同,低浓度的秋水仙素的诱导率要高于高浓度的诱导率;相同浓度处理下,长时间处理的诱导率比短时间处理的诱导率要高。两个品种分别在含0.2 g/L秋水仙素浓度的液体培养基中振荡培养14 d的四倍体诱导率最高,分别为52.50%和61.90%。随着秋水仙素浓度的增加,愈伤组织的绝对生长速度和平均芽分化数逐渐降低。改良压片法是鉴定火鹤四倍体的可靠方法。     

麦类作物DNA原位杂交及其在远缘杂种染色体分析中的应用

 应用生物素标记的物种基因组DNA探针和克隆的专化性探针，对六倍体小黑麦双二倍体及其杂种和八倍体小麦簇毛麦双二倍体及其杂种进行了染色体DNA原位杂交。结果表明，应用这两种探针均可以准确地检测出小麦远缘杂种中的异源染色体和染色体片段。先后对二个六倍体小黑麦双二倍体（Badger、M#-2A）、一个八倍体小簇麦双二倍体、三个小黑麦易位系（宁麦8026、Amigo、Apollo）、一个小黑麦代换系（84056）和二个小簇麦附加系（94009-5-4、94009-5-9）进行原位杂交和异源染色体的检测，均获得较好的结果。此外，还讨论了应用生物素标记的探针进行原位杂交可能出现的一些技术问题。     

我国牦牛染色体研究现状

综述了近10年来我国牦牛染色体研究的情况,认为牦牛与普通牛在部分常染色体和Y染色体结构上的差异是导致犏牛雄性不育的原因之一,并指出我国牦牛染色体的研究,今后应以染色体带型标准化,染色体带型与经济性状的相关性,牦牛与其它牛种染色体的比较研究等为主攻方向。     

Detection of additive and additive×environment interaction effects of QTLs for yield‐component traits of rice using single‐segment substitution lines (SSSLs)

Additive effects (A) and additive‐by‐environment interactions (A×E) for five rice yield components were analysed using 20 SSSLs under mixed linear model methodology. Thirty‐one QTLs were detected. Different yield components have different QTL‐by‐environment (Q×E) interaction patterns. No A×E interaction effects were detected for the four QTLs for panicle number (PN). Four QTLs detected for spikelets per panicle (SPP) had A×E interactions. Five of seven QTLs detected for grains per panicle (GPP), two of 10 QTLs detected for 1000‐grains weight (GWT) and three of six QTLs detected for seed set ratio (SSR) showed significant A×E interaction. Most of these QTLs were distributed in clusters across the genome. The complexity of linkage and pleiotropy of these QTLs plus environmental effect may result in the diversity of the yield phenotype in the SSSLs. Only S19 exhibited a significant increase in yield with a predicted gain by 281.58 kg ha^?1. The results may be useful to design a better breeding strategy that takes advantage of QTL‐by‐environment interaction effects in each of the SSSLs.     

玉米F_2群体中偏分离RFLP标记在染色体上的分布及原因分析

研究了利用玉米85个 DNA 限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记在玉米自交系7922与5003杂交 F2群体中的分离。结果表明,8.33%的标记显著或极显著地偏离了预期的孟德尔比例而表现偏分离,发现了2个偏分离的染色体热点,即第1染色体上的 umc128-umc107和第3染色体上的 asg24-asg48,其偏分离形成的主要原因是存在配子体选择。     

西洋梨茎段离体培养与快速繁殖的探讨

以西洋梨两年生植株的嫩茎为外植体材料,ＭＳ为基本培养基,当附加０．４ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ和０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ时,试管苗生长良好;生根培养基附加１．２ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ的生根效果最理想;开瓶炼苗４ｄ,闲瓶炼苗６ｄ的处理,试管苗移栽成活率高达９４．３％。镜检染色体数目２ｎ＝３４,细胞学性状稳定。     

利用染色体片段置换系定位水稻芽期耐冷性QTL

以籼稻品种9311为受体、粳稻品种日本晴为供体构建的95个染色体片段置换系为材料,在5℃低温条件下进行芽期耐冷性鉴定。结果表明,6个置换系低温处理后的成苗率与受体亲本9311有一定差异,其耐冷性略强于9311。利用代换作图法共鉴定出4个与芽期耐冷性相关的QTL,分别位于水稻第5和第7染色体上。其中qCTB-5-1、qCTB-5-2和qCTB-5-3分别被定位在第5染色体RM267与RM1237、RM2422与RM6054及RM3321与RM1054之间遗传距离分别为21.3cM、27.4cM和12.7cM的置换片段上;qCTB-7被定位在第7染色体RM11-RM2752区间遗传距离为6.8cM的置换片段上。     

褐菖鮋的染色体核型及其自发畸变率

褐菖Ｏ的染色体核型及其自发畸变率潘蔚明（浙江省海洋水产研究所，舟山３１６１００）关键词褐菖Ｏ，核型，染色体畸变ＴＨＥＫＡＲＹＯＴＹＰＥＡＮＤＴＨＥＲＡＴＥＯＦＣＨＲＯＭＯＳＯＭＥＳＰＯＮＬＡＮＥＯＵＳＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＢＥＲＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＥＢ...     

Meiotic studies of spontaneous hybrids of Amaranthus: genome analysis

The meiotic behaviour of 13 spontaneous interspecific F₁ hybrids of Amaranthus was studied. The hybrids between species with n= 16 chromosomes had 16 bivalents but varied considerably in pollen stainability (0–55%). These results suggest the existence of cryptic structural hybridity. The hybrids involving A. cruentus (n = 17) and species with n = 16 (A. caudatus and A. quitensis) always formed 15II+1 III with very low pollen stainability (5–7%). Further observations indicated that Amaranthus species are allotetraploids with basic numbers of x= 8 and x= 9 but exhibit x= 16 and x= 17 as secondary basic numbers, as demonstrated by (a) the frequent presence of 811 + 171 in the meiosis of the hybrid A. spinosus (n = 17) × A. hybridus (n= 16); and the occurrence of secondary associations between bivalents in MI. Genomic formulae are proposed for each species, on the basis of the meiotic behaviour of the hybrids studied.