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991.
A. G. Matthews 《Equine Veterinary Education》2016,28(10):566-591
Prepurchase examination (PPE) is the most common reason for eye examination in first opinion equine practice. This paper describes a standard protocol for competent eye examination in the PPE, and reviews the interpretation of the more common clinical findings, particularly in relation to their expected influence on functional vision and their progression. The content is based on the limited existing literature, the personal opinions and experience of the author, and from discussions held with colleagues over the past 30 years. 相似文献
992.
Zimei DONG Yanqing YUWEN Yingxu SIMA Yanping DONG Huina ZHAN Guangwen CHEN Dezeng LIU 《Integrative zoology》2017,12(2):157-164
Planarians provide the ideal model for studying eye development, with their simple eye structure and exceptionally rapid regeneration. Here, we observed the eye morphogenesis, photophobic behavior, spectral sensitivity and expression pattern of Djopsin in the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica. The results showed that: (i) Djopsin encoding the putative protein belonged to the rhabdomeric opsins group and displayed high conservation during animal evolution; (ii) planarians displayed diverse photophobic response to different visible wavelengths and were more sensitive to light blue (495 nm) and yellow (635 nm); (iii) the morphogenesis and functional recovery of eyes were related to the expression pattern of Djopsin during head regeneration; and (iv) Djopsin gene plays a major role in functional recovery during eye regeneration and visual system maintenance in adult planarians. 相似文献
993.
甜樱桃品种‘拉宾斯’与‘雷尼’均为S1S4基因型。调查其自花结实率,‘拉宾斯’为31.3%,表现自交亲和;‘雷尼’为0,表现为自交不亲和。将‘拉宾斯’与‘雷尼’相互授粉,‘拉宾斯’为父本时表现亲和,反之不亲和,推断‘拉宾斯’的自交亲和性由花粉侧突变导致;调查花粉萌发率,‘拉宾斯’为58.08%,‘雷尼’为57.82%。鉴定‘拉宾斯’自交后代及其与‘雷尼’杂交后代的S-RNase的基因型,发现所有后代中均出现S4基因型,部分后代中出现S1基因型,证明‘拉宾斯’花粉育性是正常的,其亲和性可能是由S4基因座上花粉侧的基因突变导致。测序发现‘拉宾斯’花粉SFB4′在911 bp处有4个碱基缺失。分析‘拉宾斯’花粉SFB4′与花柱S4-RNase的连锁性,发现两者连锁率为100%。以‘拉宾斯’为父本的带有SFB4′的杂交后代的自花结实率为23.3%~61.4%,表现自交亲和,说明来源于‘拉宾斯’的SFB4′基因与自交亲和性有关。RT-PCR及测序显示‘雷尼’SFB4与‘拉宾斯’SFB4′均能正常转录,但4个碱基缺失导致其C端翻译提前终止,原核表达SFB4和SFB4′蛋白发现SFB4略大于SFB4′,推测是由于SFB4′的翻译提前终止导致的。以上结果表明:‘拉宾斯’的自交亲和性可能是由花粉侧SFB4′C端的氨基酸缺失导致,该缺失可能使其丧失了与S-RNase的识别能力。 相似文献
994.
J. Delgado Ma. P. Terrn M. Garrido J. A. Pariente C. Barriga A. B. Rodríguez S. D. Paredes 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(1):137-145
The decline in melatonin secretion with age seems to be one of the major reasons for increased sleep disruption in older animals. Previously, we showed that the administration with melatonin or its precursor, tryptophan, improved activity/rest rhythms in aged individuals. Here, it was evaluated the effect of a 10‐day consumption of a Jerte Valley cherry‐based nutraceutical product (patent no. ES2342141B1), which contains high levels of tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin, on the activity/rest rhythms of young and old rats (Rattus norvegicus) and ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria) as representatives of animals with nocturnal and diurnal habits, respectively, and its possible relationship with the serum levels of melatonin and glucose. Total diurnal and nocturnal activity pulses were logged at control, during, and up to 3 days after the treatment. Melatonin and glucose were measured with ELISA and testing kits respectively. In both young and old rats, the intake of the cherry nutraceutical decreased diurnal activity, whereas nocturnal activity increased. The opposite effect was observed for ringdoves. The treatment increased the circulating levels of melatonin in both species and restored the amplitude of the activity rhythm in the old animals to that of the non‐treated young groups. The consumption of a Jerte Valley cherry‐based nutraceutical product may help to counteract the impaired activity/rest rhythm found in aged animals. 相似文献
995.
The phototactic behavior of pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) larvae from 1 to 50 days post hatch (dph) was evaluated using a channel system with 0 and 700 lx light treatment. The findings of this work show larval pike-perch to be highly positive phototactic during its larval stage with a peak of positive phototactic behavior between 10 and 22 dph. After 22 dph positive phototaxis decreased and pike-perch increasingly preferred the lower light treatment. In a second experiment observed positive phototaxis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a light triggered self-grading mechanism for pike-perch larvae at 16, 22, 28 and 34 dph. The use of larvae’s positive phototaxis for a gentle self-grading was successful at 16 and 22 dph and decreased the length variability between 14 and 18% at 16 dph and between 18 and 28% at 22 dph. Whereas the grading at 28 and 34 dph led to an insufficient reduction in length heterogeneity. As a result the light triggered self-grading has the potential to be implemented in future rearing protocols and to be applied on pike-perch between 16 to 22 dph. Furthermore, it is suggested to consider a light triggered self-grading mechanism within upcoming tank designs for the rearing of larval pike-perch. 相似文献
996.
Jelena Oksa-Minaļto David J. Maggs Jekaterina Akimova Aija Ilgaža Lionel Sebbag 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(Z1):109-118
Objective
To describe normative ocular surface and aqueous tear testing data for cats of various cephalic conformation.Animals studied
Fifty-three healthy adult cats (11 British Shorthair, 11 Burmese, 10 Devon Rex, 10 Scottish Fold, and 11 Sphynx).Procedures
Blink rate, corneal tactile sensation (CTS), and Schirmer tear test with or without topical anesthesia (STT-1, STT-2) and with nasolacrimal stimulation (NL-STT1, NL-STT2) were assessed. Palpebral fissure length (PFL) and skull morphology were measured, and cephalic index (CI) and craniofacial ratio (CFR) calculated.Results
Mean ± SD test results were as follows: blink rate (5.0 ± 2.3 blinks/min), CTS (3.2 ± 0.7 cm), STT-1 (11.2 ± 4.3 mm/min), STT-2 (6.7 ± 3.6 mm/min), NL-STT1 (13.4 ± 5.7 mm/min), NL-STT2 (13.5 ± 5.2 mm/min), and PFL (2.0 ± 0.2 cm). Corneal sensitivity did not differ significantly among breeds (p = .152) but was negatively correlated with body weight (r = −.32, p = .019). STT-1 significantly differed among breeds (p < .001) and was lowest in Sphynx cats (8.7 ± 4.3 mm/min). A positive correlation was detected between STT-1 values at 30 and 60 s (r = .98; p < .001). The nasolacrimal reflex significantly increased STT in anesthetized and unanesthetized eyes (approximately +100% and +20%, respectively; p ≤ .002). STT-1 tended to be higher in intact versus neutered cats (p = .062). Age did not impact any test result (p ≥ .085).Conclusions
Normative data described here serve as a baseline for future studies assessing ocular surface disease in multiple feline breeds. Unlike dogs, brachycephalic cats did not have lower CTS or STT-1 than non-brachycephalic cats. 相似文献997.
Objective
Determine the precorneal retention time of five different ocular lubricants commonly used in dogs.Animals Studied
Six healthy Beagle dogs (n = 12 eyes).Procedures
Five ocular lubricants were studied: Artificial Tears Solution® (1.4% polyvinyl alcohol), I-Drop® Vet Plus (0.25% hyaluronate), Optixcare® Eye Lube Plus (0.25% hyaluronate), Systane® Ultra (0.4% polyethylene glycol 400 and 0.3% propylene glycol), and Artificial Tears Ointment® (mineral oil/white petrolatum). Each lubricant was mixed with 10% sodium fluorescein to achieve 1% fluorescein formulations. Following topical administration of 35 mg in each eye, tear fluid was collected with capillary tubes at selected times (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 180 min) and fluorescein concentrations were measured with a computerized scanning ocular fluorophotometer.Results
Tear fluorescence was significantly greater with Artificial Tears Ointment® compared with other lubricant formulations from 1 to 20 min post-administration. Median (range) precorneal retention times were significantly different among the 5 lubricants, ranging from 40 minutes (20–90 min) for Artificial Tears Ointment®, 35 min (20–90 min) for Systane® Ultra, 30 min (10–60 min) for I-Drop® Vet Plus, 25 min (10–60 min) for Optixcare® Eye Lube Plus, and 10 min (10–20 min) for Artificial Tears Solution®. Precorneal retention time was significantly lower for Artificial Tears Solution® compared with the other 4 formulations.Conclusions
This study established normative data for the retention time of common lubricants on the ocular surface of dogs, which may be used to guide clinicians with their choice of lubricant and frequency of administration. 相似文献998.
Lionel Sebbag Ana Paula S. M. Silva Álex P. B. Santos Ana Cláudia S. Raposo Arianne P. Oriá 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(Z1):59-71
Objective
To characterize the ocular surface parameters and determine the prevalence of ocular pathology in Shih Tzu dogs.Animal Studied
Fifty Shih Tzu dogs (28 male, 22 female).Procedures
Each dog underwent a complete ophthalmic examination (recording any pathology) and a series of diagnostics, allowing for a 10 min-interval between tests: intraocular pressure (IOP), blink rate, palpebral fissure length (PFL), corneal tactile sensation (CTS), Schirmer tear test and nasolacrimal reflex without (STT-1, NL-STT1) and with topical anesthesia (STT-2, NL-STT2), tear ferning, strip meniscometry test (SMT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), and punctate fluorescein staining (PFS) of the cornea.Results
Mean ± SD test values were as follows: IOP (17.9 ± 3.7 mmHg), blink rate (2.4 ± 1.4 blinks/min), PFL (23.8 ± 1.8 mm), CTS (1.8 ± 0.7 cm), STT-1 (22.0 ± 5.5 mm/min), NL-STT1 (24.2 ± 4.7 mm/min), STT-2 (16.9 ± 6.5 mm/min), NL-STT2 (18.5 ± 7.5 mm/min), SMT (7.5 ± 3.5 mm/5 s), TFBUT (5.3 ± 2.4 s), tear ferning (1.3 ± 0.7), and PFS (1.6 ± 0.6). PFL was significantly greater in male vs. female Shih Tzus (p< .001). Age was negatively correlated with TFBUT results (r = −0.31, p = .027). Lagophthalmos was observed in 82% eyes. Ocular surface pathology was common, including adnexal abnormalities (100% eyes with caruncular trichiasis and medial lower lid entropion) and corneal opacification (27% pigmentation, 20% fibrosis, 12% neovascularization).Conclusions
Qualitative tear film deficiency (low TFBUT), along with several anatomical abnormalities that promote ocular irritation and reduce globe protection, together help explain the concerningly high prevalence of ocular surface disease in the Shih Tzu breed. Prophylactic measures (e.g., medial canthoplasty, topical lubrication) could be considered to improve ocular health in Shih Tzus. 相似文献999.
1000.