运输应激猪骨骼肌中热应激蛋白HSP70和HSP90家族的表达

利用Western blot技术，检测长途运输试验猪骨骼肌（背最长肌和臀长肌）中分属于HSP70家族和HSP90家族的4种应激蛋白（HSP70，HSP72，HSP86和HSP90）的表达，所有运输应激猪和对照猪肌肉组织 中均检测到了上述4种HSP，对照猪组织中HSP的表达说明HSP除了在受应激 的细胞内行使生理功能外，还具有独立于应激刺激应答以外的其它作用，6h长途运输后，HSP的表达量明显不同，HSP70和HSP72在肌肉组织中的表达虽然有一定的增加，但统计学分析差异不显（P＞0．05），而HSP86和HSP90在骨髓肌中的表达明显下降，尤以HSP90下降最显（P＜0．01），提示HSP90家族成员与肉品品质相关，可能作为判应激损伤的的指征。     

肌肉生长抑制素基因—Myostatin的研究进展

肌肉生长抑制素又称 GDF-8,属 TGF-β超家族,是骨骼肌的负调控因子,通过调控成肌细胞的增殖影响肌肉的生长与发育,其变异会导致肌细胞增生与肌纤维肥大。Myostatin 基因功能靶向缺失的小鼠会发生显著的肌肉增生,该基因的变异也是牛双肌性状形成的重要原因。肌肉生长抑制素的研究将为肌肉萎缩等相关性疾病的治疗及动物育种提供新的途径。     

双峰驼骨骼肌的组织与超微结构观察

在光镜及电镜下,双峰驼骨骼肌的肌外膜与肌束膜均较厚,其中除有不等的胶原纤维、弹性纤维、网状纤维、成纤维细胞及血管、神经外,还有丰富的脂肪细胞。在肌纤维外有薄层肌纤维膜,后者与肌内膜相连。骨骼肌肌纤维一般较粗,但其粗细差异很大（长约4～55mm,宽约9～125μm）,呈长短不一的圆柱状、A带、I带相间的横纹明显。肌原纤维也较粗大（直径约7～14nm,长约15～2．5μm）。肌原纤维间的肌浆中响大量线粒体及糖原颗粒。线粒体体积大,嵴较长,呈典型的板层状。     

延边黄牛与利延一代牛的短期育肥屠宰试验

经８５ ｄ 的育肥试验结果表明,在育肥期间利延Ｆ１ 牛的体高、体长、胸宽、胸深、胸围和髋宽等体尺的增长值均高于延边黄牛,其中利延Ｆ１ 牛髋宽的增长值显著高于延边黄牛（ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） ．育肥期间延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛的日增重分别为０ ．８９ ｋｇ 和１ ．０６ ｋｇ,利延Ｆ１ 牛比延边黄牛高１９ ．１ ％ ,差异显著（ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;消化试验结果表明,延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛对日粮中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率差异不显著（ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） ;屠宰试验结果表明,延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛的屠宰率分别是５１ ．６ ％ 和５４．４ ％ ,净肉率分别是３９ ．２ ％ 和４３ ．９ ％ ,肉骨比分别是３ ．１５ 和４ ．１８ ,眼肌面积分别是７２ ．６ ｃｍ２ 和８８ ．６ ｃｍ２ ．经检验,差异均极显著（ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） ;对牛肉的一般化学成分分析结果表明,延边黄牛与利延Ｆ１ 牛之间差异不显著（ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） ．     

中草药添加剂对异育银鲫肌肉生化成分的影响

设计中草药配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ，各以0．5％、1％、2％剂量添加到基础饲料中，饲喂异育银鲫（体重1．6－2．2g），2个月后，测定鱼体肌肉的水分，蛋白质、脂肪、灰分，脂肪酸，氨基酸的含量，结果表明，异育银鲫肌肉中水分、蛋白质，各种脂肪酸，水解和游离氨基酸的含量均无显著变化，复方中草药添加剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ对异育银鲫肌肉蛋白质的营养价值和呈味氨基酸的含量无不良影响（P＞0．05），其中，配方Ⅱ的2％添加量可显著地提高异育银鲫鱼肉的脂肪含量，从而改善鱼的肉质。     

Farrerol inhibits nicotine-induced proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells by enhancing Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 expression

AIM:To study the effect of farrerol (Far) on nicotine-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and further to explore its relationship with voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv) 1.5 and Kv2.1. METHODS:Firstly, the effect of nicotine on the proliferation of PASMCs was detected by cell counting method, and the optimal concentration of nicotine was selected. Primary cultured PASMCs were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group, nicotine (1 μmol/L)group, nicotine (1 μmol/L) + Far (10^-6 mol/L, 10^-5 mol/L and 10^-4 mol/L) Far group. The activity of caspase-3 was measured by apoptosis kit, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1, and apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS:Nicotine at 1 μmol/L increased the number of PASMCs to the maximum extent (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly reduced the caspase-3 activity and enhanced the cell viability of the PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10^-6~10^-4 mol/L eliminated the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine in a concentration dependent manner. Compared with control group, nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly increased the proliferation and inhibited the apoptotic rate of rat PASMCs (P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of PASMCs in farrerol intervention group was significantly higher than that in nicotine group (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly inhibited the expression of Kv1.5, Kv2.1 and Bax but increased the expression of Bcl-2 in PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10^-5 mol/L obviously inhibited the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine. CONCLUSION:Farrerol eliminates nicotine-induced inhibition of caspase-3 and Bax, and enhancement of Bcl-2 in PASMCs by enhancing Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 expression.     

Effect of xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene on proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells induced by Ox-LDL

AIM: To investigate the effects of xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene on the proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD was transfected into HUASMCs by liposome. The cells were divided into blank control group, pEGFP-N2 group, pEGFP-N2/XPD group, Ox-LDL group, Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2 group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group. The proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT and EdU assays. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of XPD, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the expression of XPD was increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group (P<0.05). According to the results of MTT and EdU assays, the cell proliferation in pEGFP-N2/XPD group was reduced compared with blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with Ox-LDL group, the cell proliferation in Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). According to the results of flow cytometry, the cell proportion of S phase decreased and the G₀/G₁-phase cell proportion increased significantly in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, repectively (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, the protein level of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: XPD inhibits the proliferation of HUASMCs and promotes their apoptosis, and reduces the promoting effect of Ox-LDL on the proliferation of HUVSMCs. XPD may be the target for treatment of atherosclerosis.     

Model construction of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin

AIM: To investigate the primary culture method for coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), and to establish the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) model in CASMCs of SD rats. METHODS: CASMCs were cultured by tissue explant method. The morphological characteristics were observed under optical microscope. The marker proteins of CASMCs, including α-SMA and SM-MHC, were identified by immunofluorescence technique. The protein expression levels of BiP and CHOP, the marker molecules of ERS, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The spindle-shaped CASMCs climbed out from the edge of coronary artery tissues after 6 d, and formed the typical "hill and valley" growth pattern of CASMCs at 9~10 d. The result of immunofluorescence technique showed that α-SMA and SM-MHC were positively expressed. The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression of BiP and CHOP in TG (1 and 2 μmol/L) treatment groups was increased compared with control group. Compared with control group, the protein expression of BiP and CHOP was significantly increased after 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION: CASMCs can be successfully cultured by tissue explant method. ERS model of CASMCs was established by 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 h.     

夹竹桃花挥发油的GC-MS分析及β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花的增香和豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用

目的:建立夹竹桃花挥发油GC-MS的色谱分离鉴定方法,分析夹竹桃花挥发油的化学成分和对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用。方法:采用挥发油提取器提取夹竹桃花挥发油,以GC-MS法进行分析鉴定,建立了豚鼠离体子宫模型。结果:分别从无酶和有酶的夹竹桃花挥发油提取物中确证了58和57个化合物,挥发油对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌有收缩作用。结论:对夹竹桃的挥发油化学成分进行了比较分析结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花有较弱增香作用,也能增加豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩。