Aralysis on Thermal Insulation Characteristics of Extensive Green Roofs

Through comparison of internal surface temperature (IST) of green roofs with that without green roofs through field measurement and statistics analysis, green roof under natural convention climate in summer was analyzed. Distribution frequency and sum of IST under the conditions with and without green roofs were investigated by dividing IST into several ranges. It is shown that the frequency of IST lower than 34 ℃ for green roofs was 90%, which was about 1.6 times of that for roofs without green. While the frequency of IST exceeding 34 ℃ for green roofs was 4.6% of that for roofs without green, and the sum of IST exceeding 30 ℃ was about 1/3 of that for roofs without greening. Moreover, the property of thermal insulation of green roofs had strong positive relation with outdoor temperature. The thermal insulation characteristic was better as outdoor temperature grew up.     

Experimental Analysis of the Behavior of Steel Plate-masonry Composite Wall-beams

When steel plate-masonry composite structure used in the existing masonry structure with load bearing walls is removed for a large space, composite action should be considered between the beam and the supported masonry wall due to the arch effect formed in the supported wall. In order to investigate the working mechanism, failure mode, and load-carrying capacity, strain distribution in critical sections and mid-span defcection of this type of composite wall-beam, five steel plate-masonry wall-beams were tested under concentrated loads and analyzed, which considered variables of height-span-ratio of supported masonry wall, height-span-ratio of composite beam and thickness of steel plate. The results show that steel plate-masonry composite wall-beam starts failure from the masonry located at the line between loading point and supporting point; strain distribution of steel plate along section height meets the plane section assumption; the height-span-ratio of supported wall can directly influence the failure mode of masonry wall, buckling load corresponding to steel plate experiencing local buckling and ultimate load of tested specimens; the reasonable height of supported masonry wall is beneficial to the formation of composite action between supported masonry wall and composite beam, and the excessive high masonry wall will reduce the ultimate load of the tested specimen. Finally, the reasonable range for height-span-ratio of supported masonry wall was presented, and the proposed value representing the flexural stiffness of the steel plate-composite beam relative to the in-plane stiffness of the supported masonry wall was at least more than 79.     

Experimental analysis of the abrasive belt follow-up grinding of Zirconium-4 alloys tubes and pipes

Abrasive belt grinding experiments of Zr-4 nuclear power tube are carried out by using three different abrasive belts with same size, and the interactive generating mechanism between abrasive and workpiece is analyzed, the main factors of material removal rate and surface roughness of Zr-4 alloys are obtained. With the help of the advanced test facilities, the abrasive grain abrasion and surface topography of the workpiece are observed. The metallographic structure and microhardness of the layer of burnt surface during Zr-4 alloys Grinding are analyzed. Some conclusions are given as follows: the material removal rate and surface roughness are mainly affected by the factors of belt speed, grinding pressure, hardness of the contact wheel and abrasive type, of which, the belt speed is the strongest factor. The adhesion wear of the Zirconium corundum and aluminium oxide abrasive grit is more serious, the most important wear form of silicon carbide is abrasion wear. With the onset of grinding burn, the mechanical properties of Zr-4 alloys are deteriorated obviously. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of Zr-4 alloys with efficiency and high quality.     

响应面法优化西瓜汁果酒发酵工艺的研究

为了探讨西瓜果酒发酵的最佳工艺参数,在单因素试验的基础上,以发酵温度、发酵时间、含糖量和菌种添加量为试验因子,以发酵液中酒精度为响应值,采用4因素3水平的响应面分析法进行试验。结果表明,各因素对西瓜汁果酒发酵的影响排序为:发酵温度>含糖量>接种量>发酵时间,各因素之间的交互作用对西瓜汁果酒发酵的影响并不是简单的线性关系。西瓜汁果酒发酵的最佳工艺为:发酵温度32.1℃,发酵时间6.4 d,含糖量21.4%,接种量为3.5%,发酵液中酒精的理论值为7.24%,验证值为7.15%,与模型预测值基本相符。     

中央级农业科研院所基本科研业务费专项管理探析

该文回顾了基本科研业务费专项的设立背景,对专项特点以及中央级农业科研院所的专项管理实践情况和成效进行了归纳总结,并在借鉴科研项目现行主要管理模式的基础上,提出常设学位委员会指导下的PDCA关键点控制过程管理模式,是符合中央级农业科研院所的专项项目管理模式选择,对进一步加强基本科研业务费管理、充分发挥基本科研业务费专项作用,具有重要的参考价值。     

稀酸预处理改善玉米秸秆酶水解性能的机制探讨

为了探讨在稀酸预处理提高玉米秸秆在纤维素酶酶解阶段提高纤维素转化率的机制,利用一系列的检测方法:FT-IR、XRD、SEM和比表面积分析仪分析了预处理前后玉米秸秆在形态学和物理化学性质方面的变化.在经过稀酸预处理后的玉米秸秆在纤维素酶酶解阶段其纤维素转化率有较大的提高,经过170℃,60 min,固液比1∶15(g∶mL),1.00 g/mL酸质量浓度的条件预处理后,从31.88％提高到95.74％.XRD结果显示预处理后玉米秸秆的结晶度有所增加,从原料的37.8％增加到58.7％,但是当预处理强度增加到一定程度后,结晶度没有较大的变化,基本维持在58％.玉米秸秆的表面结构在稀酸预处理后,原来的光滑表面变得粗糙、多孔,这样的表面有利于纤维素酶与玉米秸秆的接触,预处理后玉米秸秆的比表面积有很大程度的增加,经过170℃,60 min,固液比1∶15,1.00g/mL酸质量浓度的条件预处理后,玉米秸秆的比表面积从0.329 m2/g增加到2.878 m2/g,这都有利于改善纤维素酶对纤维素的作用,增加纤维素转化率.     

自然老化对木粉/HDPE复合材性能的影响及添加剂的应用

研究木粉/高密度聚乙烯(WF/HDPE)复合材在不同朝向的自然老化条件下使用时颜色与表面化学成分的变化,并分析采用光稳定剂、抗氧剂和颜料作为防老化剂的效果.户外使用的木粉/HDPE复合材在夏天暴晒1个月颜色就会发生明显变化,南面和东面更加显著,红外分析表明:复合材料表面C=O增加、木材指数下降,有氧化现象发生.人工加速稳定老化检测结果表明:与抗氧剂和光稳定剂相比,颜料的使用对减小变色有明显作用,但颜料、抗氧剂和光老化剂3种助剂对延缓WF/HDPE复合材的抗弯性能下降没有起到明显作用.     

人造板饰面材料中重金属元素检测方法探讨

归纳了人造板饰面材料中重金属物质的来源、危害和相关限制法规,介绍了常用有害重金属元素含量的检测方法,分析了现有检测方法对于检测人造板饰面材料中重金属的适应性,总结了在对人造板饰面材料中有害重金属进行检测时,样品的制备及处理方法.为制定相关检测方法的标准提供依据.     

热处理材的铣削加工性能分析

考察热处理对木材机械加工性能的影响,为优化热处理材的加工工艺提供借鉴,在本试验确定的加工参数条件下,对热处理柞木进行了铣削加工。试验结果表明,相比对照材,铣削加工热处理材时刀体的温度更低,在加工过程中排放的较小粒径粉尘的比例增加,热处理材加工面的粗糙度与对照材并没有显著差异。     

稻秸/淀粉胶复合材料性能研究

为充分利用农作物废弃物,研究环境友好材料,通过热压成型方法制备稻秸/淀粉胶全降解复合材料。研究了预处理、胶黏剂、增塑剂和阻湿剂含量对复合材料内结合强度(IB)、弯曲强度(FS)、弯曲弹性模量(MOE)、冲击韧性(IR)、拉伸强度(TS)、拉伸模量(MOR)、含水率及2h吸水厚度膨胀率的影响,并观察了复合材料细观表面。结果表明:水热处理复合材料力学性能除IB外均较高;含胶量为10%时力学性能除MOR外均较高;1%增塑剂提高了IB、FS及TS,2%增塑剂提高了IS,增塑剂对MOE和MOR有负面影响;阻湿剂降低了复合材料力学性能。增塑剂、阻湿剂均能不同程度的增大复合材料MC。复合材料2h吸水厚度膨胀率大,防水性能差。复合材料基体和增强体两相界面结合存在明显缝隙、空洞及分层现象。