Hepatic encephalomyelopathy in a calf with congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS)

A 4-month-old female Holstein Friesian calf was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Berne, Switzerland for evaluation of ataxia, weakness, apathy and stunted growth. Clinical examination revealed generalized ataxia, propioceptive deficits, decreased menace response and sensibility. Postmortem examination did not reveal macroscopic changes of major organs. Histologically, the brain and the spinal cord lesions were characterized by polymicrocavitation, preferentially affecting the white matter fibers at the junction of grey and white matter and by the presence of Alzheimer type II cells. The liver revealed lesions consistent with a congenital portosystemic shunt, characterized by increased numbers of arteriolar profiles and hypoplasia to absence of portal veins. The pathological investigations along with the animal history and clinical signs indicated a hepatic encephalomyelopathy due to a congenital portosystemic shunt.     

大额牛,云南瘤牛屠宰性能研究

试验对小型大额平，云南瘤牛各4头公牛进行肉用性能研究，供试牛的平均年龄3．5±0．5岁。大额牛宰前活重149．0±19．0千克，胴体重78．18±8．82千克，净肉重59．28±7．92千克，屠宰率52．56±0．78％，净肉率39．76±0．24％，眼肌面积49．84±14．82厘米2；云南瘤牛宰前活重324．5±28．5千克，胴体重165．91±16．29千克，净肉重130．05±15．55千克，屠宰年51．08±1．53％，净肉率39．97±1．29％，眼队面积76．07±3．6厘米2。结果表明：两个品种在放牧条件下均具有较好的产肉性能和良好的肉质，是优良的地方牛种。     

青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆饲喂肉牛效果研究

[目的]饲喂青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆对肉牛增重的效果研究,选择11月龄、体重280Kg 的西门塔尔公牛20头进行饲喂效果对比试验。[结果]显示：对照组、试验组平均每头日增重为0.98 kg、1.45 kg。试验组比对照组平均日多增重0.47 kg,提高47.96%;净收益每头每天比对照组多9.78元。[结论]表明：青贮甜高粱饲喂育肥肉牛增重效果明显,经济效益较好。     

Preliminary Studies on the Concentration of Na+,K+-ATPase in Skeletal Muscle of Draught Cattle in Mozambique: Effect of Sex,Age and Training

The effect of training on the potential for work in draught cattle was assessed by measuring the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase in the muscle cell membrane and the elevation in the concentration of K⁺ in plasma during exercise. Biopsies of the semitendinosus muscle and venous blood samples were taken from the cattle used for draught work in Mozambique. No differences were found in the plasma ion or Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentrations in samples taken from Nguni, Africander and Angoni breeds. There were no significant differences in plasma ions (Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^–) or muscle Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentrations between the Angoni males and females, although the males showed an increase in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase with age, while the females showed a decrease. The increase in males might be attributed to their higher level of activity in the herds than that of females. After a training period of 15 days, a significant increase in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentration in semitendinosus muscle was found in Angoni cattle. In females, this was significant after 8 days of training (about 30%); in males after 15 days of training (about 16%). On day 15, there was a reduction in the elevation of plasma K⁺ during the 2 h of draught work, indicating an increased capacity of the Na⁺,K⁺ pumps to maintain the extracellular K⁺ concentration in working muscles and a possible delay in the moment of fatigue.     

Regression tree analysis of the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial components and the microbiota of normal milk from dairy cows

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of antimicrobial components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and S100A7) in normal milk and their relation to host factors (Age, somatic cell count (SCC), days in milk, richness, and alpha diversity of the milk microbiota) in dairy cows using multivariate regression tree analyses, and to clarify how the milk microbiota is related to the obtained results. Thirty normal milk samples were collected from a commercial dairy farm in June 2020. The thresholds that predicted the concentration of each antimicrobial component in milk were obtained by regression tree analysis, and the beta-diversity of the milk microbiota composition between groups divided according to each threshold was compared by an analysis of similarities test. The IgA and LF concentrations were mainly predicted by the SCC (177,500 and 70,000 cells/ml, respectively), and the LAP and S100A7 concentrations were predicted by Age (29.667 and 40.3 months, respectively). No relationship was observed between the concentration of IgA, LAP, or S100A7 and the milk microbiota composition between the groups divided by the threshold for prediction, but the milk microbiota composition was significantly different between the groups divided by the threshold for predicting the LF concentration. Our results indicated that the LF concentration in normal milk may be associated with the milk microbiota composition.     

Vaccination of cows with rough Escherichia coli mutants fails to protect against experimental intramammary bacterial challenge

Vaccination of cows with rough Escherichia coli mutants fails to protect against experimental intramammary bacterial challenge. Vaccine A, a heat-killed Re mutant of strain K12, (UB 1574), was administered as a single parenteral and local dose to 5 cows with 3 control animals and Vaccine B, a heat-killed mutant of O111:B4 (J5) was administered as three parenteral doses into 5 cows with 5 control animals. Following intramammary challenge with a smooth wild-type strain (P4), an acute, severe clinical mastitis developed in all 14 quarters (9 vaccine A and 5 vaccine B) of the vaccinated animals which was indistinguishable from that in the 11 quarters of the control animals. Following vaccine B there was an elevation in serum IgG1 and IgG2 antibody to the common core antigen of endotoxin which, in contrast to the control animals, showed a further increase after intramammary infection.     

一种新型缓释尿素替代日粮中部分豆粕对肉牛生长性能、养分消化率及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究一种新型缓释尿素替代日粮中部分豆粕对肉牛生长性能、养分消化率及血液生化指标的影响。选择18头健康、体重相近(315±5)kg、7月龄左右生长期西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分为豆粕组、缓释尿素组和普通尿素组3组,每组6头牛。豆粕组饲喂含11.12%豆粕(粗蛋白质(CP)为15.51%、干物质(DM)为48.06%)的试验日粮(精粗比4∶6)。按照等能等氮原则,缓释尿素组和普通尿素组饲喂含缓释尿素和普通尿素分别占各自日粮的1.41%和1.15%,即2个试验组分别用缓释尿素和普通尿素替代豆粕组日粮中75%豆粕。预试期14 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:①各组间平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05),但缓释尿素组和普通尿素组的平均日采食量(ADMI)显著低于豆粕组(P<0.05)。②缓释尿素组和普通尿素组的干物质和有机物(OM)表观消化率显著高于豆粕组(P<0.05);缓释尿素组粗蛋白质的表观消化率显著低于普通尿素组(P<0.05),但与豆粕组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);普通尿素组粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率最低,豆粕组最高,各组间均存在显著差异(P<0.05);各处理组间的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。③与豆粕组相比,缓释尿素替代日粮中部分豆粕未对肉牛各项血液生化指标产生影响(P>0.05);缓释尿素组的白蛋白(ALB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)均显著高于普通尿素组(P<0.05)。由上述结果可知,缓释尿素和普通尿素可替代日粮中部分豆粕应用于肉牛生产中,且缓释尿素替代豆粕效果优于普通尿素。     

In vitro expression and inhibition of procoagulant activity produced by bovine alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood cells

Local and systemic activation of coagulation is frequently associated with bacterial sepsis. The coagulopathy is due, at least in part, to expression of tissue factor (TF) by monocytes and macrophages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of procoagulant activity by bovine alveolar macrophages, leukocytes and platelets, and to determine the relative potency of three chemical inhibitors of TF expression (pentoxifylline, retinoic acid, and cyclosporin A). Bovine alveolar macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pasteurella haemolytica or recombinant bovine tumour nervous factor (TNF) and dose- and time-dependent effects on TF expression were studied. LPS and TNF induced TF expression in alveolar macrophages and LPS treatment of whole blood induced TF expression in mononuclear cells. Neutrophils and platelets also expressed procoagulant activity, but this activity was not inhibited by anti-bovine TF monoclonal antibody. Pentoxifylline (40 mol/L), retinoic acid (0.01 mmol/L) and cyclosporin A (0.08 mol/L) inhibited TF expression when added concurrently with LPS or TNF, but not when added 4 h after stimulation. TF mRNA was not detected in unstimulated alveolar macrophages by Northern blot analysis. In contrast, exposure to LPS or TNF for 6 h induced marked expression of TF mRNA, which was inhibited by treatment with pentoxifylline, retinoic acid and cyclosporin A. Expression of TNF by alveolar macrophages stimulated with LPS was also inhibited by these compounds. Our results indicate that procoagulant activity expressed by alveolar macrophages and monocytes is associated with expression of TF, whereas procoagulant activity expressed by neutrophils and platelets is not. The concentrations of pentoxifylline and retinoic acid necessary for inhibition of TF expression in vitro may not be achievable in vivo owing to their toxic effects. However, the in vitro concentration of cyclosporin A that inhibited TF expression did not exceed the plasma concentration observed in humans, and therefore may be useful for inhibition of TF expression in vivo.Abbreviations BAL bronchoalveolar lavage - LPS lipopolysaccharide - cDNA cloned deoxyribonucleic acid - cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate - GAPDH glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase - mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid - TF tissue factor - TNF tumour necrosis factor - DPBS Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline     

郏县红牛POLB基因克隆及生物信息学分析

【目的】克隆郏县红牛DNA聚合酶β(DNA polymerase beta, POLB)基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析。【方法】以郏县红牛肌肉组织cDNA为模板,通过PCR方法克隆POLB基因完整CDS区序列;利用在线软件进行遗传距离分析并构建系统进化树,分析POLB蛋白的理化性质、疏水性、磷酸化位点、跨膜结构、信号肽、二级结构、三级结构和互作蛋白。【结果】郏县红牛POLB基因CDS区序列全长1 008 bp,编码335个氨基酸。系统进化树分析表明,郏县红牛POLB基因氨基酸序列与绵羊等反刍动物的亲缘关系最近,与其他哺乳类动物和禽类次之,与斑马鱼(鱼类)最远。郏县红牛POLB蛋白分子质量为38.26 ku,理论等电点(pI)为9.10,半衰期为30 h,不稳定系数为31.06,总平均亲水系数为-0.659,属于稳定的亲水性蛋白;磷酸化位点预测分析发现,郏县红牛POLB蛋白包含17个丝氨酸磷酸化位点、12个苏氨酸磷酸化位点和4个酪氨酸磷酸化位点;跨膜区和信号肽预测结果显示,郏县红牛POLB蛋白不属于跨膜蛋白和分泌型蛋白;二级结构和三级结构预测发现,其主要包含α-螺旋、β-转角、延伸链和无...