用RAPD技术筛选中国荷斯坦牛产奶量性状遗传标记

选用320条10碱基随机引物在由36头高产（305d产奶量〉8500kg）和32头低产（305d产奶量〈5600kg）中国荷斯坦牛所组成的2个DNA池间进行RAPD-PCR扩增，从中筛选出稳定性好、带型清晰且在2个DNA池间有明显差异的RAPD引物24条。用筛选到的24条引物对所有个体进行PCR检测，得到了5个与奶牛产奶量性状相关的RAPD标记，并对其中4个进行了克隆测序和SCAR标记转化以及生物信息学分析。结果表明：SCAR标记yield—s139与产奶量密切相关，应用电子克隆方法已将该标记由921bp延伸到2141bp，经同源性比较发现，此标记对应于奶牛基因组中LINEs家族中的一个重复元件，推测该元件附近可能存在与产奶量性状相关的QTLs或主效基因。     

Cumulus Oophorus Expansion of Bovine Oocytes Cultured in vitro: A SEM and TEM Study

Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from antral follicles (3–6 mm in diameter). COCs with a compact multilayered cumulus investment were cultured for 9, 13 and 24 hours, respectively, and processed for scanning or transmission electron microscopy after different periods of culture including a 0 hour control group. In all 0 hour control COCs initial formation of cumulus cell projections, blebs and microvilli were observed. The start of cumulus-oocyte disconnection in cattle was observed after 9 hours of in vitro culture. These connections were almost completely discrupted after 13 hours, when a continuous production of extracellular matrix was observed. The full expansion of corona radiata cells was not observed even after 24 hours. Some cumulus oophorus cells were bound together with junctions of the zonula adherens type after 24 hours when extracellular matrix was found only in deeper layers. The full expansion of corona radiata cells was not the prerequisite for disconnection of cumulus-oocyte complex. Inhalt: Kumulus oophorus Expansion von in vitro kultivierten Rinderoozyten: Eine SEM und TEM Untersuchung Kumulus-Oozyten-Komplexe (COC) von Rindern wurden aus antralen Follikeln aspiriert (Durchmesser 3–6 mm). COC's mit kompakten mehrschichtigen Kumulus wurden für 9, 13 und 24 Stunden kultiviert und für die Scanner- oder Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie vorbereitet. Verschiedene Kulturzeiten incl. einer 0-Stundengruppe als Kontrolle wurden untersucht. In allen Kontroll COC's wurden beginnende Formationen yon Kumuluszellprojektionen, Bläschen und Mikrovilli beobachtet. Nach 9-stündiger in vitro Kultur begann die Lösung zwischen Kumulus und Oozyte. Die Verbindungen waren nach 13 Stunden vollständig unterbrochen, wobei eine kontinuierliche Produktion extrazellulärer Matrix beobachtet wurde. Eine vollständige Expansion der Corona radiata Zellen wurde auch nicht nach 24 Stunden beobachtet. Nach 24 Stunden waren einige Cumulus Oophorus Zellen über Verbindungen des Zonula adherens Typs verknüpft, wobei extrazelluläre Matrix nur in den tieferen Zellschichten gefunden wurde. Eine vollständige Kumulusexpansion ist keine Voraussetzung für die Auflösung des Kumulus-Oozyten-Komplexes.     

黄鳍鲷肝细胞体外培养研究

以黄鳍鲷肝脏细胞为材料 ,研究其肝细胞体外培养适宜的 p H、血清浓度、谷氨酰胺等条件 ,并进行传代培养试验。结果表明 ,培养液为 :MEM含 2 0 %小牛血清、15 g/ L L-谷氨酰胺及 p H 6 .9～ 7.1时 ,在 2 3℃中静置培养 ,黄鳍鲷肝细胞生长良好 ,3～ 5 d长满单层 ,细胞主要为成纤维细胞状 ,并能顺利传代。细胞动力学试验表明 :传代细胞 1～ 2代为适应期 ,3～ 5代为旺盛期 ,6代之后表现出衰老现象     

耕牛血吸虫病检测方法比较试验

目的为了解几种检测耕牛血吸虫病的敏感性进行本试验。方法将经粪便毛蚴孵化法检出血吸虫病阳性的水牛(6头)，同时进行干卵聚酯薄膜环卵沉淀试验、间接血凝试验及快速诊断试纸盒检验的测试。结果以其检测结果与粪便毛蚴孵化法相比，阳性符合率分别为100％、100％和83％，3种方法间无显著差异。结论快速诊断试纸盒检测法以其操作简便且准确、快速、特异性高的特点，在动物血防普查工作中具有广阔的应用前景。     

肉牛添加剂的研究与应用

用本课题组研制的肉牛添加剂育肥体重230kg、330kg、400kg和530kg的肉牛，可使日增重分别提高25．5％、7．3％、25．4％和16.7％，效果显著（P＜0．05），可使饲料报酬最多提高25．8％（P＜0.05）；投入产出比最大为1：8，用该添加剂育肥高档肉牛时屠宰率可达57.2％，眼肌面积43cm2、皮下脂肪覆盖面积为优级，大理石状评分为优级。     

吉林黄牛引入牦牛血液杂交改良效果

采用含有1／2野牦牛血液的冻精为吉林当地10头黄牛输配。结果，受配牛妊娠率为100％，产犊成活率为100％，杂种后代牛在采食性能、抗寒暑能力及生长速度方面都优于本地黄牛。初步表明利用含1／2野牦牛血液的冻精改良本地黄牛有较强的种间杂种优势，可为生产利用。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF DIFFUSE HEPATOCELLULAR DISORDERS IN DAIRY CATTLE

Ultrasonography of the liver was performed in 200 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle using a 3.5 MHz transducer with a linear array electronic scanner. Liver samples were taken, processed and examined microscopically and the fat occupying rate was calculated. The hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated according to the presence of bright pattern, dark pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges. Of the 200 animals, 96 had a normal liver, 63 had hydropic degeneration of the liver, 37 had fatty infiltration of the liver, 3 had liver dystrophy and I had hepatic amyloidosis, diagnosed through histopathological examination. Amyloidosis was characterized by bright pattern and blurring of edges. Liver dystrophy had higher percentages of bright pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Hydropic degeneration had higher percentages of dark pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Fatty infiltration had higher percentages of bright pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges than normal liver. The present results suggest that different ultrasonographic patterns can be observed in various diffuse hepatocellular disorders in dairy cattle     

The effect of eradication of lice on the occurrence of the grain defect light flecks and spots on cattle hides.

The influence of an eradication programme for lice on the prevalence of light flecks and spots on cattle hides was studied in 33 dairy cattle herds during a period of two and a half years. Lice were eradicated from the main group of herds after 9 to 12 months and the quality of the hides before and after treatment was compared. Hides from slaughtered animals were collected during the study period, tanned and examined with special emphasis on the occurrence of the grain damage light flecks and spots. The prevalence of hides without light flecks and spots increased from 24.2% before treatment to 61.6% after treatment. The prevalence of hides free from the damage increased significantly in all examined anatomical regions. The improvement in hide quality was most marked in the shoulders and neck region which corresponded to the major predilection site of cattle lice. The prevalence of hides with light flecks and spots started to decrease in the first period (2-40 days) after eradication. The changes after treatment suggested that most healing process took place over a period of about 4 months. The eradication programme eliminated the seasonal variation in the prevalence of light flecks and spots which was present before treatment.     

维生素A水平对生长猪生产性能、肝脏维生素A含量和血清免疫参数的影响

试验研究饲粮添加不同水平维生素A(VA) (0、1300、2600、5000、10000、15000IU/kg)对22 -50kg生长猪生产性能、胴体品质、胴体无脂瘦肉增重、肝脏和血浆中VA含量、血清免疫参数的影响。结果表明 ,添加VA1300 -10000IU/kg 提高了日增重 (P>0.05)、极显著地降低料重比 (P<0.01) ;但VA添加水平从1300IU/kg增加至10000IU/kg,料重比显著提高 (P<0.05) ,采食量也极显著提高 (P<0.01)。各组屠宰率、瘦肉率、脂肪率、背膘厚、胴体瘦肉成分都无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,眼肌面积则随VA水平的升高而趋于增大(P>0.05)。胴体瘦肉和无脂瘦肉日增重在添加VA1300IU/kg 和10000IU/kg两组间很接近 ,而且优于其它组 (P<0.05)。随着VA水平的提高 ,肝脏中VA含量极显著提高 (P<0.01) ,至添加VA10000IU/kg组最高 ,之后略下降 ;添加VA有使血浆中VA含量升高的趋势 (P>0.05)。各组血清中IgG、IgA、IgM含量都无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,添加VA使T淋巴细胞中CD3+ 和CD8+ 亚群比例趋于升高 (P>0.05),随着添加VA水平提高 ,血清T淋巴细胞中CD4+/CD8+比值趋于下降 ,至添加VA10000IU/kg 组最低 ,在VA15000IU/kg 组又明显上升 (P>0.05)。以肝脏中VA含量为指标 ,生长猪VA适宜水平为在基础饲料上添加10000IU/kg ,但根据生产性能等其它指标 ,添加1300IU     

利木赞牛改良互助本地黄牛的效果

为了研究利木赞牛对互助黄牛的改良效果,本试验测定了初生、6月龄和1岁利本F1代的体尺、体重,并与本地黄牛进行了比较。结果表明,利本F1代牛的各项被检指标均比本地黄牛有明显的提高(P<0.01)。