添加槐花粉对白三叶青贮发酵品质的影响

采用单因子随机设计,研究添加不同比例的槐(Sophora japonica)花粉对白三叶(Trifolium repens)青贮发酵品质的影响,以期为槐花应用于青贮饲料生产提供科学依据.分别设置白三叶单独青贮(C)、95％白三叶+5％槐花粉青贮(T1)、90％白三叶+10％槐花粉青贮(T2)、85％白三叶+15％槐花粉...     

不同来源品种在长江下游麦区的溶剂保持力特性及相关分析

为给弱筋小麦育种提供指导,收集了195份来自不同麦区的小麦品种,分别于2008和2009年秋播种植于江苏扬州,并对收获种子进行了4种SRC(包括水、乳酸、碳酸钠和蔗糖SRC)、硬度及蛋白质含量的检测。结果表明,4种SRC、硬度和蛋白质含量在品种间及年度间差异均达极显著水平。两年度均以水SRC含量最低,分别为87.27%和77.54%;乳酸SRC次低,分别为95.99%和84.17%;蔗糖SRC和碳酸钠SRC年度间互有高低,其平均值均大于100%。4种SRC值间存在极显著正相关,其中2009年乳酸SRC和碳酸钠SRC之间的相关系数达0.607,2010年乳酸SRC和水SRC之间的相关系数达0.675。硬度与水、乳酸、碳酸钠等3种SRC及"面筋性能指数"存在极显著正相关,其中与乳酸SRC的两年相关系数分别高达0.721和0.779。蛋白质含量与乳酸、蔗糖、碳酸钠等3种SRC相关极显著但相关系数较小。从参试品种中筛选出了SRC两年均表现较低的品种皖麦50、扬辐麦3046、宁麦8号、豫麦49、扬麦19等,在育种中可更好地加以利用。在育种中主要可利用水SRC和乳酸SRC以及硬度检测来提高弱筋小麦育种效率。     

单叶刺槐半同胞子代叶片的滞尘能力及叶表SEM特征分析

以单叶刺槐母本(A1-1)及6个叶形产生明显变异的半同胞子代无性系(A20-5、B24-3、C24-2、B23-1、C24-1、C23-1)新鲜叶片为材料,测定各样本的单位叶面积总颗粒物滞留量、颗粒物粒径分析及叶表微观结构SEM特征,通过相关性分析,筛选与滞尘能力相关的叶形及SEM指标,运用隶属函数法,依据各样本滞尘指...     

不同年限稻田红壤发生层土壤磷的固持容量及其释放潜能研究

以江西鹰潭孙家典型红壤小流域中期稻田(MP)、新稻田(NP)与老稻田(OP)的发生层土壤为研究对象,基于吸附-解吸实验与结构方程模型,分析了稻田红壤各发生层土壤磷的固持能力(PSI)、最大固持容量(MCSP)及释放潜能的变化差异与影响因子,明确了固定态磷的释放机制与流失风险。结果表明：随发生层深度的增加,稻田红壤PSI及MCSP逐渐增大,二者变化分别为：MP > NP > OP与NP > MP > OP;但稻田红壤发生层中电性吸附态磷(CaCl2-P)及OP剖面专性吸附态磷(EDTA-P)逐渐降低,而MP剖面和NP剖面的EDTA-P以及稻田红壤发生层的残留态磷(Red-P)则相反;OP剖面发生层CaCl2-P与EDTA-P的比值随发生层深度的增加呈逐渐升高趋势,且显著高于MP和NP剖面。结构方程模型分析结果表明,土壤有机质、全磷、pH和铁铝氧化物之间相互作用且协同调控着稻田红壤的磷吸附位点数量及其吸附-解吸能力。稻田红壤水耕层(Ap层)土壤吸磷能力弱、释磷能力强,土壤磷流失风险大;而氧化还原层(Br)和母质层(C)土壤吸磷能力强、释磷能力弱,土壤磷固持容量大。与新稻田和中期稻田剖面相比,老稻田发生层土壤中吸附态磷更难以向专性吸附态磷及残留态磷转化,土壤磷流失风险相对较大,需及时采取相应的调控措施。     

保定市生态足迹与承载力研究

运用生态足迹法,计算了保定市2007年的生态承载力和生态资源利用状况。利用聚类分析法分析了保定市各县域可持续发展的异同。结果表明：①在实施大变样之前,保定市人均生态赤字为0.541 0 hm2,万元GDP为0.91 hm2/万元。②保定市整体生态环境处于高负荷状态,资源利用效率较低,处于弱不可持续发展状态。③聚类分析表明,保定市辖各县市可分为5类,县域间可持续性差异较大。④在5类区域中,Ⅰ类区域生态赤字低于0.5;Ⅱ类区生态赤字约等于1;Ⅲ类区生态赤字约等于3;Ⅳ类区生态赤字为3-5;Ⅴ类区生态赤字高于5。     

中国畜牧业环境约束的量化分析——基于土地环境承载力和生态足迹

聚焦高质量发展背景下畜牧业环境约束主题,从土地环境承载力和生态环境承载力两个方面量化分析畜牧业环境约束水平,明确中国畜牧业环境约束的时空分异特征以及养殖、需求规模分别同土地、生态环境的匹配程度。采用养分平衡法和三维生态足迹模型分别测算了畜牧业土地环境承载力和生态环境承载力,并进行时空特征分析。结果显示:2001—2018年,土地环境可载猪当量增长45.21%,土地环境承载力指数下降36.07%,畜牧业土地环境承载状况明显好转;人均畜牧业生态足迹和生态承载力分别提升22.81%和42.96%,生态承载强度呈缓和趋势,但截至2018年,畜牧业生态足迹仍高达承载力的2.46倍,生态赤字为2.08×10~8hm~2;综合两维度来看,中国畜牧业仍面临严峻的生态环境压力,区域间环境约束不平衡现象显著,土地环境约束"南重北轻"、生态环境约束"东重西轻",东南沿海地区土地、生态环境承载压力最重。研究表明,中国畜牧业环境约束严峻,但正在趋向缓和状态,特别是土地环境约束明显好转,但生态环境约束形势依然不容乐观,生态环境约束总体要重于土地环境约束且长期未得到足够重视。     

The effect of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory effect in heat‐stressed broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory response in heat‐stressed broiler. A total of 192 2‐week‐old Arbour Acres broilers chickens were divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: one thermoneutral control group (28°C, group TN), which was fed the basal diet; and three cyclic high‐temperature groups (35°C from 7:00 to 19:00 hr; 28°C from 19:00 hr to 7:00 hr, heat stress group), which were fed the basal diet supplementation with EGCG 0 mg/kg (group HS0), 300 mg/kg (group HS300) and 600 mg/kg (group HS600). The gut morphology and intestinal mucosal oxidative stress indicators, as well as intestinal barrier‐related gene expression, were analysed. The results showed that compared with group TN, heat stress reduced the villus height (VH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT), increased the crypt depth (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)content at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). After the heat‐stressed broilers were supplemented with EGCG, VH, VH/CD (V/C), and the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT were increased, and CD and MDA content were reduced compared with those in group HS0 without EGCG supplementation at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). The EGCG supplementation promoted the gene expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), Claudin‐1, Mucin 2 (Muc2) and alleviated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF) gene expression compared with group HS0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal morphology was strongly correlated with antioxidant ability and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGCG alleviated the gut oxidative injury of heat‐stressed broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response.     

不同产地香菇氨基酸组成及营养价值评价

为比较不同产地香菇的氨基酸组成差异,使用氨基酸自动分析仪快速检测了5种不同产地香菇的氨基酸组成,采用氨基酸比值系数法对其氨基酸进行营养价值评价。结果表明,不同产地香菇的氨基酸含量不同,总氨基酸含量在(14.39～18.71) g/100 g;必需氨基酸含量相差较大,其范围为(4.68～6.33) g/100 g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)的平均值为34%,必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)的平均值为51%。在5种香菇样品中,亮氨酸的比值系数(RC)最小,为第一限制性氨基酸,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)平均值为87.846。四川通江(Q5)香菇的SRC值最高,且各必需氨基酸的RC值与1接近,与模式氨基酸最接近,因此从氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸所占比例来讲,四川通江(Q5)香菇的品质最佳,可作为香菇蛋白产品开发与利用的理想资源。     

Risk assessment of nitrate pollution in groundwater based on the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity of agricultural lands in Hokkaido

(pp. 17–24)
A trial calculation was performed of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity and the amount of nitrogen input based on various statistical data, which were compiled from each city, town and village in Hokkaido prefecture. The relationship between the excess quantity of nitrogen, after nitrogen input, and the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity and the nitrate-nitrogen concentration of the groundwater was considered.
Environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity = nitrogen output by the crops + acceptable level of residual nitrate in the soil profile.*
^*It is calculated by the amount of nitrate precipitation evapotranspiration ×10 mg L⁻¹.

• 1) 

  The average value of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity in Hokkaido Prefecture was observed to be 183 kg ha⁻¹. The maximum and minimum values of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity were 308 kg ha⁻¹ and 94 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. When the average value of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity with respect to main agricultural land use was compared across municipalities, it was largely in the following order · grassland (218 kg ha⁻¹), upland (169 kg ha⁻¹), and paddy land (157 kg ha⁻¹).

       

不同寄主植物对西花蓟马生长发育、存活率及繁殖力的影响研究

西花蓟马是近年来入侵我国的世界性害虫。通过对其取食不同寄主植物后各虫态的发育历期、存活率及成虫繁殖力影响的研究结果表明,在不同寄主植物上饲养西花蓟马,其发育历期长短顺序为辣椒＞四季豆＞茼蒿。寄主植物的不同部位对西花蓟马各虫态的发育历期、存活率及成虫繁殖力的影响均存在显著差异(P＜0.05),与取食果实和叶片相比,西花蓟马取食花朵时生长发育速度、存活率及繁殖力明显提高。茼蒿花朵是西花蓟马最嗜好的寄主,用其饲养的西花蓟马成虫产卵期长、平均产卵量高;西花蓟马的未成熟期在茼蒿花朵上最短,为11.07 d,而在辣椒叶片上长达14.78 d。