胡萝卜悬浮细胞原生质体的培养及植株再生的研究

采用继代培养4～5 d 后的胡萝卜悬浮细胞,经酶解获得大量原生质体,并在不同的培养基上经培养,细胞进行分裂,形成愈伤组织,获得了完整的再生植株。探讨了影响原生质体培养及植株再生的多种因素,实验表明:①原生质体的培养密度在5×10~4/mL～5×10~5/mL 范围内均可,以2.5×10~5/mL 为佳。②对于细胞的分裂、细胞团的生长以及愈伤组织的形成,以改良的 B_5培养基最好,N_5培养基其次,MS 较差。③适当降低原生质体培养基中的甘露醇浓度,有利于细胞的分裂和生长。④在本实验所涉及的培养方法中,以液体浅层培养为优。⑤诱导愈伤组织分化,以 1mg/L KT 为佳。⑥不同培养基对愈伤组织的生长速度和分化频率产生一定影响,以 MS 培养基提高分化频率效果较好。     

白藜芦醇合成酶(RS)基因转化胡萝卜及高白藜芦醇转基因胡萝卜株系的筛选

白藜芦醇是具有抗病及多种保健功能的芪类次生代谢物,胡萝卜(Daucus carota var.sativa)则是富含β胡萝卜素等多种营养成分的重要蔬菜。研究着眼于创建具有白藜芦醇保健功能的胡萝卜新种质资源,在对葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)白藜芦醇合成酶(resveratrol synthase,RS)基因在胡萝卜中高效表达的密码子优化基础上构建无潮霉素磷酸转移酶(HPT)抗性基因的转化载体pCB-RS-hyg-,应用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将pCB和pCB-RS-hyg-共转化到胡萝卜并获得再生植株。经过T0、T1和T2代的逐代筛选,获得2个白藜芦醇含量较高(11.34和15.23mg/g)的转基因胡萝卜株系。     

胡萝卜主要产量性状杂种优势及配合力分析

以３个不育系为母本，４个自交系为父本，按不完全双列杂交法配制１２个组合，进行杂种优势和配合力分析。结果表明，小区产量、单根重、根长和根粗均表现了明显的正向杂种优势，以小区产量和单根重的杂种优势较高；亲本一般配合力效应比组合特殊配合力效应更为重要，其中父本的作用大于不育系的作用；３０株系（Ｂ_３）小区产量、单根重、根长和根粗的一般配合力具有较大的正向效应值，丹富士分离株系（Ａ_２）心柱比例具有较大的负向效应值。从根形、根色及整齐度来看以丹富士分离株系（Ａ_１、Ａ_２）作母本，Ｂ_３为父本更为理想。     

Influence of treatment of soil with carbofuran on the subsequent performance of insecticides against cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and carrot fly (Psila rosae)

A sandy loam soil was treated with 2·5 kg carbofuran/ha on each of five occasions between May and October 1984. In 1985, the field performance of benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and furathiocarb against cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and carrot fly (Psila rosae) was studied in this soil and in identical but previously untreated soil by applying exponentially increasing doses of granular formulations to radish and carrots at drilling. Chlorfenvinphos reduced numbers of larvae of both pests by >90% in both soils but the performance of all the carbamates was significantly worse in the previously treated soil than in the previously untreated soil. Dazomet, a partial soil sterilant, was applied to part of the experimental area in October 1985 and the performance of aldicarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and thiofanox against cabbage root fly was assessed in 1986. The efficiency of aldicarb and chlorfenvinphos was not affected by any of the pre-treatments but that of carbofuran and carbosulfan was reduced in all the pre-treated soils, including the soil treated with dazomet. Carbofuran residues in radish were detectable only in plants grown in previously untreated soil. In laboratory incubations, a dustless base formulation of carbofuran was degraded more quickly in pre-treated than in untreated soils but a granular formulation was degraded more slowly and at a similar rate in both soils.     

胡萝卜抗冻蛋白的快速与高效纯化

将胡萝卜抗冻蛋白在大肠杆菌中进行表达后．对获得的包涵体进行了初步的洗涤纯化．分别采用HPLC和Native PAGE法对其进行最终的纯化．结果表明．两种方法都能获得高度纯化的目的蛋白．而且耗时都很少．但Native PAGE法更为经济．且可以同时进行多个样品的纯化．更适用于一般实验室．     

新型胡萝卜奶片加工工艺研究

对具有营养保健功能的胡萝卜奶片的加工工艺进行初步探讨。结果表明:采用奶粉∶胡萝卜精粉为8∶2、葡萄糖25%、异麦芽低聚糖15%的原料配比,经混合、造粒、干燥、压片等工序制成了一款新型胡萝卜奶片。     

胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导培养的研究

以胡萝卜"七寸人参"为试材,探讨了不同外植体、激素、培养基、光照对胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:胡萝卜愈伤组织的诱导以下胚轴为外植体为宜;在添加2,4-D1.0mg/L和KT 0.5mg/L的MS培养基上愈伤组织的诱导频率为100%,且愈伤组织生长良好,增殖快速;光照对愈伤组织的诱导没有影响,但却进一步阻碍了愈伤组织的增殖生长。     

胡萝卜真空干燥工艺参数的试验研究

为了研究在真空干燥条件下胡萝卜的干燥特性．进而为其真空干燥确定适宜的工艺参数，选用5种真空度分别为0．05MPa、0．06MPa、0．07MPa、0．08MPa和0．09MPa，在4种干燥温度40℃、50℃、60℃和70℃条件下对鲜胡萝卜进行脱水干燥试验。测定不同干燥工艺条件下胡萝卜的干燥特性。并进行复水比较试验。试验结果表明：0．07MPa和60℃为胡萝卜真空干燥制的适宜工艺条件。复水最佳条件为温度60℃，时间为90min。     

Phylogeny and relationships in Daucus based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site analysis of nine species of Daucus (covering four of five sections) and nine carrot accessions was done using 14 Petunia cpDNA clones as probes and 10 restriction enzymes. Cladistic analysis yielded a phylogeny generally concordant with a recent morphological classification. A cpDNA insertion-deletion mutation was found in the cultivated carrots (probe P10– Bgl II digest). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction site analysis of the same material using four maize mtDNA clones as probes and 10 enzymes exhibited extensive mitochondrial diversity in Daucus, both within and between sections. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

西洋参与胡萝卜愈伤组织共培养基质的研究

采用试验优化设计和计算机分析技术,对西洋参(Panax quinquefolium)和胡萝卜(Daucus carota)2种植物愈伤组织共培养的培养基和培养条件进行了研究。结果表明:在培养基MS 2,4-D 1.67 mg/L IAA 0.98 mg/L ZT 0.47 mg/L(蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂8 g/L)上,西洋参和胡萝卜2种愈伤组织生长率分别达到0.271 g/(g.d)和0.137 g/(g.d)。适宜的培养条件为(24±1)℃,光照强度1 700 lx,12 h光暗交替。在此培养基和培养条件下,2种植物愈伤组织可以进行共培养。