胡萝卜鱼糕的研制及其品质研究

为改善传统鱼糕的风味,研制出含胡萝卜质量分数为10%的新型鱼糕,并对其持水性、色泽和质构等品质指标进行检测。结果表明,与传统鱼糕相比,胡萝卜鱼糕明度(L)和白度(W)显著减小,红色度(a)和黄色度(b)显著升高,色泽更加鲜艳;硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性显著降低,更好咀嚼,质感更鲜嫩。     

新型胡萝卜奶片加工工艺研究

对具有营养保健功能的胡萝卜奶片的加工工艺进行初步探讨。结果表明:采用奶粉∶胡萝卜精粉为8∶2、葡萄糖25%、异麦芽低聚糖15%的原料配比,经混合、造粒、干燥、压片等工序制成了一款新型胡萝卜奶片。     

胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导培养的研究

以胡萝卜"七寸人参"为试材,探讨了不同外植体、激素、培养基、光照对胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:胡萝卜愈伤组织的诱导以下胚轴为外植体为宜;在添加2,4-D1.0mg/L和KT 0.5mg/L的MS培养基上愈伤组织的诱导频率为100%,且愈伤组织生长良好,增殖快速;光照对愈伤组织的诱导没有影响,但却进一步阻碍了愈伤组织的增殖生长。     

不同干燥方法对胡萝卜复水性及品质的影响

对用热风干燥、微波干燥及热风和微波组合干燥3种干燥方法获得的胡萝卜干制品进行了复水试验,分析了不同干燥方法及不同参数组合对胡萝卜干制品复水性和感官品质的影响。结果表明:利用不同的干燥方法所获得的胡萝卜干制品的复水性能和感官品质有明显差异,降低热风温度、缩短热风干燥时间及减小微波加热功率,均可提高干制品的复水性和质量;热风与微波组合干燥的热风温度、热风干燥后物料的含水率和微波功率分别为65℃、50%和170 W时,干制品具有理想的感官质量和复水性,其复水比为6.02。     

鲜切胡萝卜的真空预冷研究

研究了不同切片厚度与预冷终温对鲜切胡萝卜真空预冷效果的影响,分析了经过真空预冷和未经真空预冷的鲜切胡萝卜在贮藏期内的呼吸强度、失重率、色差和硬度的变化。结果表明,鲜切胡萝卜可比完整胡萝卜节省2/3的预冷时间;在切片厚度6 mm和预冷终温6℃时,鲜切胡萝卜的真空预冷效果最佳,失重率为1.3%、芯部温度1.5℃、预冷时间7.3 min。采用真空预冷处理方法可有效抑制鲜切胡萝卜贮藏期内的呼吸强度,降低失重率,保持其较好的感官品质。     

胡萝卜单根重杂种优势和主要经济性状配合力分析

以5个胡萝卜雄性不育系为母本,6个胡萝卜品种或自交系为父本配制30个杂交组合,杂种一代调查结果表明:单根重具有明显的杂种优势,绝大多数组合表现超亲中值或超高亲现象。通过对单根重、根长、根粗、根色、根髓比和可溶性固形物的配合力分析,认为组合A2×B5在育种上最具应用价值。     

胡萝卜遗传转化体系的建立

以新黑田五寸胡萝卜下胚轴为外植体,研究对胡萝卜抗性植株的影响因素及目的基因的整合情况,建立了较为完善的转化体系。实验结果表明:以胡萝卜下胚轴为材料,用苗龄7d,共培养2d,浸染15min的体系,Kan抗性芽的分化频率可达52%。获得抗性愈伤培养基:B5+0.1mg/L2,4-D+0.2mg/LKT+75mg/LKan+500mg/LCef,抗性芽诱导培养基:B5+100mg/LKan+500mg/LCef;抗性植株生根培养基:B5+0.1mg/LIBA+75mg/LKan+300mg/L:Cef;对转基因植株进行了PCR分子学检测,初步证明外源基因已整合到胡萝卜基因组中。     

胡萝卜缨果拉拽式分离装置设计与试验

为了获得胡萝卜缨果拉拽式分离装置最优设计参数,以获取最佳分离效果,建立了拉拽式缨果分离装置运动学模型,定性分析了相关参数对拉拽杆运动学特性的影响。设计了胡萝卜缨果拉拽式分离试验台并进行了缨果分离正交试验,经分析发现拉拽杆的转速对胡萝卜缨果分离效果影响最大,拉拽杆与输送带的夹角对胡萝卜缨果分离效果的影响显著;同时得到了胡萝卜缨果分离装置的最佳参数组合:拉拽杆转速为200 r/min、输送带线速度为1.2 m/s、拉拽杆与输送带夹角为40°,此时缨果分离的一致性为97%,成功率为94%,损伤率为7.7%。     

Aluminum-tolerance of carrot (daucus carota L.) plants regenerated from selected cell cultures

Abstract

Aluminum-tolerant variants from cell cultures of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. MS Yonsun) were selected by exposing them to excess ionic aluminum. The medium contained A1CI₃ and 0.1 mM phosphate at pH 4.0. Under ionic aluminum stress (0.5-1.0 mM), 282 calli were selected. Twenty-eight fertile plants were regenerated from 7 selected calli. Based on the root elongation tests of the seedlings, the seeds displayed aluminum-tolerance. In the case of the cell line H7-08, the selection occurred at a frequency of ca. 6 × 10^-7 when the materials were plated on agar medium containing 0.5 mM aluminum.     

Freezing Tolerance Affected by Mineral Application during Cold‐Acclimated Conditions in Some Cool Crop Seedlings

Abstract

The effect of mineral nutrient application on freezing tolerance in red cabbage, carrot, and spinach under cold‐acclimated and unacclimated conditions were evaluated in this study. Effects of nutrient‐solution application and cold acclimation on temperature at which 50% of leaves are injured (LT₅₀), values, and ice nucleation activity in all of the plants were found to be statistically significant. Nutrient‐solution applications decreased LT₅₀ values in all of the species under unacclimated and cold‐acclimated conditions. Freezing injuries in cold‐acclimated plants were significantly lower than in unacclimated plants in all of the nutrient application doses. In addition to this, 600–900 mg l^?1 nutrient solutions also gave low plant injury in all conditions. Nutrient‐solution applications increased ice nucleation temperatures of apoplastic proteins, proline, and total chlorophyll contents in all of the plant species under unacclimated and cold‐acclimated conditions. Among the plant species, carrot was the most resistant plant to freezing injury under all nutrient application doses in the tested conditions.