毛竹林地土壤团聚体稳定性及其对碳贮量影响研究

通过对集约经营毛竹林地土壤团聚体的测定,结果表明毛竹林地3个土壤层次各粒径团聚体分布特征为>5 mm的含量在土壤团粒结构中占主导地位,占总团聚体的比例为26.39%~42.38%;其次为1~5 mm含量,占14%~18%;<0.25 mm的含量最小,占2.31%~6.73%。毛竹林土壤团聚体平均重量直径平均值为0.90 mm,并且随着土壤层次的增加有逐渐增加的趋势。毛竹林地土壤总有机碳的积累与0.25~3.15 mm土壤团聚体中有机碳含量呈显著相关,与>3.15 mm和<0.25 mm团聚体有机碳含量相关不显著。毛竹林地0~20 cm土壤层中,分布在>5 mm和3.15~5 mm粒径土壤团聚体中的有机碳比例分别为14.86%和11.26%,低于20~40 cm和40~60 cm土壤。这也说明,长期集约经营毛竹林后,林地土壤有机碳含量下降的主要原因可能是>5 mm粒径土壤团聚体有机碳含量下降。     

三江平原不同土地利用方式下沟渠沉积物可溶性有机碳含量和分布

研究了三江平原3种土地利用方式下沟渠沉积物DOC含量和分布,探讨了3种土地利用方式对沟渠沉积物DOC含量和分布的影响。结果表明,三江平原沟渠系统虽然都是在湿地的基础上开挖而成,但是分散于3种土地利用方式下的沟渠沉积物DOC含量及其分布发生了明显变化。湿地开垦为农田利于沟渠各层沉积物DOC的累积,水田和旱田相比,旱田更有利于沟渠各层沉积物DOC的累积;沟渠沉积物DOC垂直分布随土地利用方式不同发生了明显的变化,穿过型沟渠和边界沟渠相比,边界沟渠沉积物DOC垂直分布显示出更强的沉积特点。挖沟排水和土地开垦耕作,不仅导致大量DOC向沟渠迁移并沉积在沟渠中,而且最终导致不同沟渠沉积物中DOC的含量和分布产生了明显的差异性。     

柳杉人工林采伐后不同土地利用类型初期土壤有机碳变化

运用空间代替时间的方法研究了25年生柳杉人工林(对照)采伐后形成的柳杉人工幼龄林、经济林、苗圃地、皆伐迹地、农耕地5种土地利用类型初期土壤有机碳含量和碳储量变化。结果表明,5种土地利用类型和对照的土壤有机碳含量和碳储量均随土层的加深而降低;除经济林外,苗圃地、柳杉人工幼龄林、农耕地和皆伐迹地的土壤平均有机碳含量分别比对照降低了10.8%,28.1%,37.8%,40.1%;5种不同土地利用类型土壤碳储量排序为:皆伐迹地(214.2±17.0 t C/hm2)>经济林(191.3±13.4 t C/hm2)>柳杉人工幼龄林(173.5±15.1t C/hm2)>苗圃地(171.9±9.2 t C/hm2)>农耕地(132.7±12.1 t C/hm2),分别比对照(272.9±21.8 t C/hm2)减少了21.5%,29.9%,36.4%,37.0%,51.4%。人工林采伐后形成的不同土地利用类型,土壤有机碳含量和碳储量减小的程度与采伐后紧接着采取的人为措施有关。     

Plot-scale manipulations of organic matter inputs to soils correlate with shifts in microbial community composition in a lowland tropical rain forest

Little is known about the organisms responsible for decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems, or how variations in their relative abundance may influence soil carbon (C) cycling. Here, we altered organic matter in situ by manipulating both litter and throughfall inputs to tropical rain forest soils, and then used qPCR and error-corrected bar-coded pyrosequencing to investigate how the resulting changes in soil chemical properties affected microbial community structure. The plot-scale manipulations drove significant changes in microbial community composition: Acidobacteria were present in greater relative abundance in litter removal plots than in double-litter plots, while Alphaproteobacteria were found in higher relative abundance in double-litter and throughfall reduction plots than in control or litter removal plots. In addition, the bacterial:archaeal ratio was higher in double-litter than no-litter plots. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N), and soil N and C pools, while acidobacterial relative abundance was negatively correlated with these same factors. Bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively correlated with soil moisture, total soil C and N, extractable ammonium pools, and soil C:N ratios. Additionally, bacterial:archaeal ratios were positively related to the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and negatively correlated to the relative abundance of Nitrospira and Acidobacteria. Together, our results support the copiotrophic/oligotrophic model of soil heterotrophic microbes suggested by Fierer et al. (2007).     

南亚热带杉木生态系统生物量和碳素积累及其空间分布特征

碳是一切有机物的基本成分,也是构成生物体的主要元素,约占生物体干质量的一半左右,碳环及其空间分布与生态系统的维持、发展和稳定性机制有着密切的联系(悲志永等,2003).     

木炭的土地利用及碳汇效应

在土壤中施入木炭颗粒,不仅能提高土壤的透气、透水、保水性能,提高土地的生产力及产品的品质,而且阻断了木炭本身成为碳源的通道。同时,通过提高植物的生长量,可更多地吸收大气中的CO2,提高碳汇效应。     

1987年大兴安岭林火碳释放及火后NPP恢复

以大兴安岭地区1985年一类森林资源连续清查资料和1987年林火资料为数据基础,结合GIS技术,进行大兴安岭1987年林火碳释放及火后净初级生产力(NPP,net primary productivity)恢复的研究.通过对1987年火烧迹地林火发生前各树种的生物量的估算,得出在1987年林火中大兴安岭林区森林释放的碳量约为1.97×10~6～2.47×10~6 t;同时分别比较火烧中各树种的碳释放量和不同火烧等级下的碳释放量.结果表明:落叶松在1987年林火中释放碳量约0.96×10~6～1.19×10~6 t,占碳释放总量的49%左右;重度火灾中碳释放量占总碳释放量的99.4%.火后乔木层的NPP恢复在21年间成逐渐增加的趋势,并且恢复趋势表明在火后23～24年的时候中度火灾后的乔木层NPP可达到未过火林地的水平.     

武汉园博园碳汇效能综合研究

随着生态宜居城市的建设,城市绿地固碳释氧的环境改善功能逐步受到重视,植被碳汇的量化研究也逐渐成为科学评价绿地环境效益的主要内容。文章以武汉园博园为研究对象,利用RS/GIS,结合美国景观绩效平台的National Tree Benefit Calculator (国家树木效益计算器),计算出武汉园博园的林木植被在2017年的碳汇效能及相应的经济价值,探讨武汉园博园的生态功能和价值。     

Effect of nitrogen addition on DOC leaching and chemical exchanges on canopy leaves in Guangdong Province,China

The impact of nitrogen(N)deposition on dissolved organic carbon(DOC)fractions in throughfall is not well understood.We performed a laboratory experiment and compared DOC leaching from canopy leaves after dipping leaves in pure water(control)and NH4NO3 solution(N-treatment)for 18 h.Net changes of DOC,NH4^+,NO3^-,SO4^2-,K^+,Mg^2+,Ca^2+and H^+contents after dipping leaves were determined by comparing solutions with and without leaves.We recorded no differences of DOC leaching between control and N-treatment,implying that N deposition had minor impacts on canopy DOC production.This confirmed that previous experiments testing the effects of N addition on DOC dynamics without considering the effects of the canopy reaction successfully described the real situation.We also confirmed the previously-reported canopy exchange process in spite of a high background N deposition at our study site.N-treatment significantly increased base cation leaching,especially K^+,and the increase was positively correlated with foliar NH4?retention.Net leaching of H^+and SO4^2-was not affected by the N-treatment.     

桉树锯末制备颗粒活性炭实验研究

以桉树锯末和磷酸为原料制备了颗粒活性炭,研究浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间等对产品得率、强度和吸附性能的影响。实验得到最佳工艺条件为:磷酸与原料浸渍比为2∶1,温度300℃,预处理1 h,机械成型后,再以10℃/min升到活化温度450℃,活化1 h。此条件下,制备得到的活性炭性能指标为:强度95%,亚甲基蓝吸附值172.5 mg/g,碘吸附值790 mg/g,A法焦糖100%,得率40%左右。