Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the Atlantic Forest,Brazil

Jaguars and pumas are threatened species in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, especially at the borders of protected areas. This article assessed the influence of emotions, attitudes, existence value, and agency credibility on acceptability of big cats among rural residents living adjacent to two protected areas in this forest. Data from self-administrated questionnaires (n = 326) indicated those with positive attitudes toward big cats (β = .28, p < .001), those who valued the existence of big cats (β = .14, p < .05), those who would feel sorrow if big cats disappeared (β = .21, p < .001), and those who considered the managing agency as credible (β = .16, p = .002) were more accepting of big cats. The model provided theoretical and practical insights into large carnivore conservation. For example, given the significance of agency credibility, a positive relationship between park authorities and residents is crucial for big cat conservation.     

我国野生动物非法贸易协同治理问题分析

野生动物是地球上所有生命和自然生态体系的重要组成部分,其生存状况同人类可持续发展息息相关.当前无序的利用致使野生动物非法贸易已成为世界第3大犯罪,严重影响到生物多样性、生态系统服务功能、全球社会秩序和公共安全以及野生动物福利.国内外打击野生动物非法贸易已逐步形成了以更新野生动物保护理念、完善法律制度、建立执法网络等为主...     

基于水文分析的动物通道选址——以龙栖山自然保护区为例

自然保护区内道路等基础设施的建设不可避免地会对动物生境产生影响,造成动物死亡率提升。动物通道的设置是改善由道路建设引起的生境破碎化的有效途径,而正确选择动物通道的位置才能使其真正发挥作用。以福建省将乐县龙栖山国家级自然保护区为对象,选取对林区生境影响较大的6种环境因子:树种类型、树种平均年龄、胸径、坡度、海拔以及郁闭度,使用层次分析法(AHP)进行权重分析,相对权重依次为0.296、0.235、0.163、0.085、0.076、0.145。将因子进行叠加构建出生境适宜性指数(HSI)评价模型,并对研究区的生境适宜性进行评价。在此基础上采用ArcGIS的水文分析模块模拟动物潜在的活动路径与道路叠加,从而确定合适的动物通道位置。结果表明,HSI较高的区域多集中在自然保护区中部高海拔地区与缓坡地带,植被主要以天然阔叶林为主,树种的平均年龄大,覆盖面积广,郁闭度高,能够为大中型的走兽提供较好的觅食、隐蔽、繁殖场所,结合量化出的动物活动路径,得到2处动物通道的理想位置。此经HSI模型模拟出的路线只能是一种大概率情况,所建议的通道建设完成后,还需进行持续的野生动物利用情况监测,以评估通道的有效性,进而进行有针对性的改造设计,直到野生动物通道的利用效果良好。对于所得到的动物活动路径,不仅可以为动物通道选址提供参考,也可为动物迁移廊道修正、林区择伐等提供科学依据。     

不同饲养方式对固始鸡蛋品质的影响研究

对固始鸡笼养和放牧饲养条件下蛋品质研究结果表明:笼养和放养对蛋重和蛋壳厚影响显著(P<0.05),对蛋黄重、蛋壳重、蛋黄含量占全蛋比例、蛋白和蛋黄的粗脂肪含量、蛋白和蛋黄的粗蛋白含量等指标的影响均不显著。     

Improved detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis in African wildlife samples using cationic peptide decontamination and mycobacterial culture supplementation

In South Africa, mycobacterial culture is regarded as the gold standard for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in wildlife even though it is regarded as “imperfect.” We compared a novel decontamination and mycobacterial culture technique (TiKa) to the conventional mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) system using known amounts of bacilli and clinical samples from MTBC-infected African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), and African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Use of the TiKa-KiC decontamination agent on samples spiked with 10,000 to 10 colony forming units (cfu) of M. bovis (SB0121) and M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) had no effect on isolate recovery in culture. In contrast, decontamination with MGIT MycoPrep resulted in no growth of M. bovis samples at concentrations < 1,000 cfu and M. tuberculosis samples < 100 cfu. Subsequently, we used the TiKa system with stored clinical samples (various lymphatic tissues) collected from wildlife and paucibacillary bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, trunk washes, and endotracheal tube washes from 3 species with known MTBC infections. Overall, MTBC recovery by culture was improved significantly (p < 0.01) by using TiKa compared to conventional MGIT, with 54 of 57 positive specimens versus 25 of 57 positive specimens, respectively. The TiKa mycobacterial growth system appears to significantly enhance the recovery of MTBC members from tissue and paucibacillary respiratory samples collected from African buffaloes, African elephants, and white rhinoceros. Moreover, the TiKa system may improve success of MTBC culture from various sample types previously deemed unculturable from other species.     

Disturbance‐induced responses of VHF and satellite tagged harbour seals

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