水稻种子耐干性机理的研究

以籼稻C38、粳稻京21、杂交稻秋优3为材料,进行种子超干储藏特性的研究,进而探讨种子耐干性的机理。通过超干水稻种子生活力和活力的比较,发现籼稻C38耐干性较强。超干有利于保持种子抗氧化酶系统的完整性,因此超干能提高种子的耐储性。对超干种子可溶性糖含量与组分进行分析,结果表明随着种子含水量的降低,蔗糖含量增高,多糖和葡萄糖含量降低,籼稻C38的蔗糖含量明显低于粳稻京21和杂交稻秋优3。用热重仪测定的种子含水量与烘干法得到的数据相吻合,用差示热量扫描仪测定束缚水/自由水的比例和玻璃化转变温度Tg,发现籼稻C38的Tg高于粳稻京21和杂交稻秋优3,籼稻C38束缚水/自由水比例大于粳稻京21和杂交稻秋优3,而束缚水/自由水的比例与耐干性成正相关。由此表明,耐干性在不同的水稻品种间有明显的差异,籼稻C38的耐干性较强。     

饲喂水平对杂交肉羊(公)营养物质代谢及能量需要量的影响

本试验旨在利用开放式呼吸测热装置研究肉羊(公)营养物质代谢及能量需要参数。采用完全随机试验设计,将15只出生日期相近、体况良好、体重相近的杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代公羔随机分成3组(每组5只羊),分别按自由采食(AL)、限饲70%(IR70)和限饲40%(IR40)3个饲喂水平投喂饲粮。分别在体重达到22和35 kg时进行试验,每期试验包括消化代谢试验(预试期3 d,正试期5 d)和呼吸代谢试验(适应呼吸代谢室24 h,连续测定5 d)。结果表明:1)随饲喂水平降低,肉羊的平均日增重极显著降低(P0.01),IR40组末重极显著低于AL组(P0.01)。2)随饲喂水平降低,肉羊干物质和氮采食量极显著降低(P0.01),但是这2者的表观消化率没有显著变化(P0.05)。3)随饲喂水平降低,肉羊甲烷产生量、甲烷能及产热量均降低,IR40组均极显著低于AL组(P0.01)。4)肉羊绝食60 h,呼吸熵为0.71,第1期和第2期甲烷产生量分别为0.86和1.18 L/d,绝食产热量分别为0.211和0.260 MJ/kg W0.75,维持净能分别为0.252和0.312 MJ/kg W0.75。综合得出,随饲喂水平降低,肉羊的生产性能、营养物质采食量、平均日增重、甲烷产生量、甲烷能及产热量均降低,但营养物质表观消化率没有显著变化。绝食状态下,甲烷产生量为0.86~1.18 L/d,绝食产热量为0.211~0.260 MJ/kg W0.75,维持净能为0.252~0.312 MJ/kg W0.75。     

Energy Expenditure in 104 Postoperative and Traumatically Injured Dogs with Indirect Calorimetry

Apparent restihg energy expenditure (AREE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were determined by open flow indirect calorimetry in a group of 104 apparently resting, critically ill, postoperative and severely traumatized dogs. The evaluations were conducted in a calm, temperature-controlled environment after at least a 12-hour fast. Subjects were allowed to acclimilate to the monitoring equipment prior to beginning the study. The clinical patients were compared to a group of 20 clinically normal, apparently resting, client owned dogs (NC). The data was also compared to published normals (NP) for energy expenditure of apparently resting dogs. Measurements were indexed to actual body weight in kilograms (BW) as well as to metabolic body size(BW^0.75). Measurements of VO₂ (VO₂/kg and VO₂/kg^0.75) and VCO₂ (VCO₂/kg and VCO₂/kg^0.75) were used to calculate the RQ and the AREE. Critically ill, postperative and severely lower RQ values AREE/kg or AREE/kg^0.75 (p=0.39). The PO&T dogs did exhibit significantly lower RQ values (p<0.0001) than either the (NC) or (NP) groups. Measured AREE of the PO&T dogs was significantly less than a calcualted value using the illness/injury/infection energy requirement (IER), (p<0.0001). Energy expenditure in typical trauma and postoperative patients may commonly be overstimated by the IER method. Conclusion: The AREE of critically ill, postoperative and severly trumatized dogs was not higher than healthy dogs as has been previously suggested in the literature.     

Effect of polyol on thermo-oxidative degradation of isocyanate resin for wood adhesives

The thermo-oxidative degradation of various polyol-added isocyanate resins for wood adhesives was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The degradation of the resin cured with water began at 150°C. When a certain polyol was added to the resin at an NCO/OH ratio of 25 in addition to water, the cured resin began to degrade at 200°C. To clarify the cause of the good thermal stability in polyol-added resins, the effect of various polyols on the reactivity of isocyanate was investigated. It was found that the reactivity of isocyanate was enhanced by the addition of a dipropylene glycol and glycerin-type polyols. In addition, the effect of the NCO/ polyol-OH ratio was investigated using dipropylene glycoltype polyol. The reactivity of isocyanate increased with increasing polyol content. The thermal stability of the resin was improved to a certain degree by addition of a small amount of the polyol but deteriorated when a large amount of the polyol was added.Part of this paper was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998     

一种测量油水比的新方法

提出了用量热法来测量管道中的油水比，进行了相应的理论分析和试验研究。结果表明，量絷地具有简单、可靠、无任何运动部件等优点。它的提出和研究对于油气水三相流量计的开发应用具有十分重要的意义。指出准确地确定电热器出口温度场不均匀系数ＫＴ是采用此法测量油水比的关键。     

新型“中型开放回流呼吸阋热装置”研制报告

为满足畜禽能量物质代谢科研领域进一步深入发展要求，对国际上已被广泛应用的传统“开放回流”呼吸测热装置进行了工艺技术改进，于2005年自行设计并采用国产有关仪器仪表和自行加工等部件，研制组装一台技术工艺较为先进的中型开放回流呼吸测热装置。采用电动系统（各种传感器）与微机相结合的方法，使该装置基本达到全部自动控制水平。可以测得在实验期间全程（在线）或各不同阶段（单项）的气体交换及能量代谢等多项内容指标与结果。     

Study on Flame-retardation and Smoke-suppression Characteristics and Mechanism of NSCFR Flame Retardant or Wood

NSCFR flame retardant is one of key factors of non-smoke combustible wood-based materials.Thermal analysis,cone calorimetry,Py-GC/MS, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were utilized to investigate the flame-retardation and smoke-suppression characteristics and mechanisms of NSCFR flame-retardant.The results show that NSCFR flame-retardant could significantly shorten the combustion duration of wood-based materials and completely eliminate the second peak of heat release rate curve,greatly reduce heat release rate, total smoke release,mass loss rate,specific extinction area,and carbon monoxide production and carbon dioxide production,obviously enhance the mass of combustion char residue,effectively retarding the combustion and inhibiting smoke release of the wood-based material;NSCFR flame-retardant exhibits the ability of flame retardancy on wood by the conjunct mechanism of capturing free radical, diluting combustible gas,and catalyzing charring; NSCFR flame-retardant displays smoke suppression effects on wood by absorption action of nano alveolate structure together with the active catalyzing action of ironic molybdate.