Effects of polyamines on K+, Na+ and Cl− content and distribution in different organs of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings under NaCl stress

Seedlings from the salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar Jinchun No. 2 and the salt-tolerant cucumber cultivar Changchun Mici were exposed for 8 days to 50 mmol/L NaCl in the absence or in the presence of exogenous foliar spraying PAs [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) 1 mmol/L] to compare the effects of different kinds of polyamines (PAs) on plant tolerance to salinity. This paper studied the effects of exogenous PAs on K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in different organs of cucumber seedlings. The results showed that K⁺ content as well as the ratios of K/Na and Cl/Na decreased, while Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations increased in salt-treated cucumber seedlings. The differences in K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ content and the K/Na and Cl/Na ratios were greater for the salt sensitive cultivar Jinchun No. 2 than for the salt-tolerant cultivar Changchun Mici. Cucumber seedlings treated with exogenous polyamines and combined with salinity exhibited a higher level of K⁺ accumulation and lower levels of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation compared with the seedlings treated only with salt stress. Among the three kinds of polyamines, Spd and Spm were more effective in inhibiting the accumulation of Na⁺ and reduction of K⁺. However, Put was more effective in reducing Cl⁻ accumulation. Furthermore, all of the three kinds of exogenous polyamines could increase the ratio of K/Na, improving the absorption and transport selectivities of K⁺ and Na⁺ from stems to leaves for both cultivars. In conclusion, exogenous polyamines could alleviate salt damage to some extent and enhance the accumulation of biomass. Among the three kinds of polyamines, spermidine was most effective. Exogenous polyamines could improve tolerance of cucumber seedlings under salt stress by regulating the absorption and distribution of ions in different organs. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(3): 1122–1129 [译自: 生态学报]     

钙素和水分亏缺对大豆幼苗某些生理过程的影响

在水分胁迫下大豆幼苗叶片相对水分含量(RWC)和光合速率下降,细胞质膜透性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和气孔阻力均增大;缺钙与供钙植株相比,其RWC和光合速率更低,膜透性改变剧烈,特别是Pro增加2～3倍,缺钙处理下光合速率的进一步降低,可能由非气孔因素所致。实验结果表明钙对改善植物的水分状况、提高膜的稳定性和植株抗旱性具有重要作用。     

盐胁迫对刺槐不同组织及细胞离子吸收和分配的变化

该文从器官水平和细胞水平对盐胁迫后的刺槐苗离子含量进行分析 ,比较了不同组织膜透性和盐离子在刺槐组织及细胞中的分配特点 .研究表明 :随胁迫时间的延长 ,叶片细胞膜系统受到的伤害比根部细胞膜系统大 .根部的Na+含量较高 ,其分布量的顺序是根 >茎 >叶 ,叶片中盐离子含量较低 ,从而减少了盐胁迫对地上部的毒害 ;K+的含量则与Na+相反 ,其分布量的顺序为 :叶 >茎 >根 ,幼嫩的组织中分布较多 ,以保证植物正常的代谢活动 .刺槐根皮层细胞的液泡中积累Na+和Cl-的量远高于细胞质 ,说明刺槐的根皮层细胞对Na+和Cl-具有一定的区隔化作用 .刺槐叶肉细胞的细胞壁、细胞质和液泡中Na+和Cl-的含量没有明显差别 .测定结果表明 ,器官水平与细胞水平耐盐机制具有一致性     

离子交换伏安法测定人发中痕量镉的研究

报道了一种测定痕量镉的电化学分析方法。在 pH 4.0 0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,镉离子在钠型蒙脱石修饰玻碳电极上通过离子交换有十分灵敏的阳极溶出峰 ,且峰高与镉的含量相关。据此建立了测定痕量镉离子的方法 ,优化了各种试验条件 ,如支持电解质的选择、pH值的影响、修饰剂的用量、富集电位及时间、以及扫描速率。该方法测定镉时线性范围为 8×1 0 - 9～ 2× 1 0 - 6 mol/L ,检出限为 1× 1 0 - 9mol/L。方法简便、快速 ,灵敏度高。用此法测定了人发样品中的镉离子含量 ,结果令人满意。     

植物的离子吸收动力学研究的现状和前景(综述)

本文以文献及作者在果树上的研究为基础,对植物离子吸收动力学的基本概念、研究方法、影响动力学参数的主要因素和在果树营养研究中的应用,以及离子吸收动力学的意义和发展前景进行了述评。     

离子色谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中胆碱的含量

建立离子色谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中胆碱含量的方法。选用IonPac CS12A阳离子交换色谱柱（250mm×4mm）和18mmol／L甲烷磺酸淋洗液,采用抑制型电导检测器测定胆碱的含量。结果表明：胆碱的最低检出量为0．1mg／L,不同添加水平的平均回收率为95．0％～102．5％。该方法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、操作简单等优点。     

新疆阿其克苏河沿岸地下水水质与主要离子关系研究

通过选取新疆艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区阿其克苏河东大桥管护站至塌桥子管护站15km为研究区域,野外分两次采样：在研究区内中德合作项目胡杨样地及垂直河道胡杨、柽柳混交林处采挖地下水测点,在典型植被芦苇、梭梭、柽柳及出露的泉水处采挖地下水测点,分别采集水样。实验室实测地下水矿化度及主要离子（K^＋、Na^＋、Ca^2＋、M...     

肥液氮素浓度在线检测装置研制

为实现肥液自动混合过程中氮素浓度的实时检测,设计了一个检测装置,该装置主要由硝酸根离子选择电极、电极信号调理电路、温度传感器、数据采集以及显示电路组成。在10-6~10-1 mol/L范围内配制了一系列标准浓度的NO3-溶液,对该检测装置进行了性能测试试验:1)以标准毫伏计PHS-3CT作为对比,测试了装置对电极响应电势的测量准确性,其相对误差最大为5.2%;2)在5~45℃范围内,分析了离子选择电极的温度变异性,结果表明电极响应电势随着待测溶液温度升高而呈线性变化,在此基础上采用最小二乘法的逐步拟合方法建立了温度参数模型,并对模型进行了验证,其测量误差最大为9.2%;3)采用固定干扰法分析了Cl-、SO42-、H2PO4-和HPO42-等4种干扰离子对装置测量结果的影响,结果表明Cl-引起的干扰最大,电极对Cl-的敏感性是NO3-的0.2%,因而肥液中少量的干扰离子对测量结果的影响不大。因此,该装置可满足工程上自动混肥过程中氮素浓度检测的应用要求。     

棕壤和褐土的酸淋溶特征

用室内模拟淋洗土柱的方法 ,对棕壤和褐土的酸淋容特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,p H低的酸雨使棕壤严重酸化且有活性铝测出 ,但对褐土的影响相对较轻。 4种盐基离子淋失总量与酸雨的氢离子浓度呈极显著的正相关关系 ,淋失量 Ca2 >Mg2 >Na >K ,其中 Na 对酸雨的酸度最不敏感。电导率的变化与盐基淋失量的变化有相同趋势 ,但不同处理之间的差别倍数大于盐基淋失差别的倍数 ,4种酸雨对土壤的危害程度为 p H2 >p H3>p H4、p H5 ,其中危害棕壤的程度高于褐土。     

Response of potatoes to different nutrient solution management in a closed hydroponic system

Ion control of nutrient solutions to control nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) was developed for Superior (medium-to-early maturing) and Atlantic (mid-late) potato cultivars grown in closed hydroponic systems in which solutions were replenished and recirculated. Results were compared with conventional nutrient solution management strategies. In the “solution replacement” treatment, nutrient solutions were completely replaced each week. In the “electrical conductivity (EC) control” treatment, water use by potato plants was compensated by adding ground water to achieve the original volume (water replenishment) and the diluted EC of the solution was adjusted to the target levels using stock solution. In “ion control” treatment, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄) and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) were added to the EC-controlled nutrient solution. The amounts increased with plant age in both cultivars. The concentrations of nitrate (NO₃), P, and K in the ion control nutrient solution could be maintained at target levels. In water replenishment, recycling of nutrient solution resulted in a progressive decrease in EC and an increase in pH. Root activity increased by 93% and 59% in the Superior and Atlantic cultivars, respectively, compared with the nutrient solution replacement. These changes decreased photosynthesis, plant growth, water use, and thus tuber growth in the Superior cultivar. Decreased growth of shoots and tubers occurred without affecting photosynthesis in the Atlantic cultivar. Although there were no significant differences in root activity, photosynthesis, or plant growth between the ion control treatment and the EC control treatment, increased tuber growth was observed in the ion control treatment, possibly as a result of the constant supply of nutrients. High tuber growth and the capability to maintain solution nutrient concentration in the ion control treatment are highly desirable for closed hydroponic systems.